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Biomedical subjects

S W Turner

Publications and source records attributed to S W Turner.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Detention of British citizens as hostages in the Gulf--health, psychological, and family consequences.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the physical, psychological, and family consequences of the detention of British subjects as hostages in Kuwait or Iraq, or both, after the invasion of Kuwait on 2 August 1990 and to investigate the relation between types of trauma experienced and these reactions. DESIGN: Postal questionnaire. SUBJECTS: 381 respondents. RESULTS: Many health, social, and psychological sequelae were identified. Problems with present finance, accommodation, and work are important causes of distress. Many hostages coped well and gained self esteem. CONCLUSIONS: A minority of respondents require further support and treatment. Expatriates in risk areas should retain assets in their home country.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) determination of lobenzarit in plasma and its application to a bioavailability study in beagle dogs.

A method for the quantitative determination of lobenzarit (2-[(2-carboxyphenyl)amino]-4-chlorobenzoic acid) in dog plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (308 nm) is described. Plasma samples (200 microliters) were treated with acetonitrile and centrifuged, and the clear supernatant injected onto a reversed-phase phenyl column. The method achieved a limit of quantitation of 0.5 micrograms/ml in plasma, and the response was linear to 100 micrograms/ml. Comparing a solution and a tablet formulation given to beagle dogs, the assay demonstrated that the solution formulation was slightly more bioavailable and yielded a more variable absorption rate. The elimination of lobenzarit from plasma followed a biexponential time course, with an apparent terminal disposition half-life of between 5.8 and 10.7 hr.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

The ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) in functional psychoses: the relationship of lateral ventricular and total intracranial area.

CT scans were performed on 72 consecutive patients with a functional psychosis, and compared with 50 community controls. There was a specific difference in lateral ventricular area between these two groups but it accounted for only 11% of the variance in this measure. In contrast, racial and sexual differences in the ventricular-brain ratio (VBR) related to differences in intracranial area. It is argued that analysis of variance, using lateral ventricular area and intra-cranial area, is more informative than VBR in examining these structural changes in functional psychoses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A fully-automated computer-assisted method of CT brain scan analysis for the measurement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces and brain absorption density.

Computer-assisted methods of CT brain scan analysis offer considerable advantages over visual inspection, particularly in research; and several semi-automated methods are currently available. A new computer-assisted program is presented which provides fully automated processing of CT brain scans, depending on "anatomical knowledge" of where cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-containing spaces are likely to lie. After identifying these regions of interest quantitative estimates are then provided of CSF content in each slice in cisterns, ventricles, Sylvian fissure and interhemispheric fissure. Separate measures are also provided of mean brain density in each slice. These estimates can be summated to provide total ventricular and total brain volumes. The program shows a high correlation with measures derived from mechanical planimetry and visual grading procedures, also when tested against a phantom brain of known ventricular volume. The advantages and limitations of the present program are discussed.

Absorption↗
PubMed1986

Computerized tomographic scan changes in early schizophrenia--preliminary findings.

Thirty patients who fulfilled DSM-III criteria for schizophrenia but who were within 2 years of presentation were compared with 26 age-matched normal volunteers with respect to CT scan appearances. In the index group the ventricle-brain ratio (VBR) was significantly greater. The VBR values were positively correlated with average alcohol intake and with early physical trauma, and negatively correlated with a family history of schizophrenia. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of the present uncertainty about the meaning of CT scan findings in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

"Zero reference" during cardiac catheterization.

Hemodynamic pressure measurements obtained during cardiac catheterization studies are calibrated to an arbitrary level where the pressure is considered zero. Despite the fundamental nature of the zero reference level, there is no standardized method for determination of "zero reference." A horizontal metal rod has been constructed to be level with the pressure transducer domes. With lateral radiographic viewing, the metal rod is adjusted to be level with the junction of the inferior vena cava and the right atrium. The technique is rapid, reliable, without risk and allows accurate comparison of hemodynamic data between patients and in the same patient longitudinally.

Blood Pressure↗
PubMed1977

Antegrade left heart catheterization.

Retograde arterial catheterization has been the standard approach to hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation of the left ventricle and systemic arterial system. An alternative approach--antegrade left heart catheterization--is reported that circumvents arterial puncture. During cardiac catheterization from the femoral vein in 18 children with normally related great arteries who had interatrial communications, a balloon-tipped catheter was looped in a "clockwise" fashion through the left atrium and left ventricle and into the ascending aorta. In 17 children the maneuver was rapidly accomplished without complications; it proved possible to perform in an infant with a hypoplastic left ventricular cavity, and was employed to perform a renal arteriogram. The major advantage of antegrade left heart catheterization is avoidance of complications related to arterial puncture. The antegrade approach also avoids right arm cut-down in children with coarctation of the aorta.

Aorta↗
PubMed1977

A new approach to congenital posterolateral diaphragmatic hernia.

The theory is advanced that increased pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in a state of fetal circulation, with right-to-left shunting through the ductus arteriosus, is the main reason that many patients do not survive after repair of a diaphragmatic hernia. Three patients are presented (who, by Raphaely's criteria, were destined for a fatal outcome) in whom the ductus was ligated, and vasodilator drugs were infused into the pulmonary artery. All three demonstrated definite improvement in oxygenation. Two expired after 6 days, one of whom was found at autopsy to have intestinal volvulus and gangrene, and the other multiple plumonary emboli. One case, so managed, survived. The suggestion is made that pulmonary hypoplasia is not the main reason for the high mortality rate after diaphragmatic hernia repair, and that additional laboratory and clinical investigation of the pulmonary circulation may lead to significant improvement in results.

Acetylcholine↗