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Biomedical subjects

S W Utz

Publications and source records attributed to S W Utz.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Implementation and outcomes of a community-based self-help smoking cessation program.

In a time of budget constraints, health professionals are turning to minimal-contact smoking cessation programs as the most financially feasible alternative for smoking cessation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a program by the American Lung Association using the manual Freedom From Smoking for You and Your Family (Strecher & Rimer, 1988) in a community-based smoking cessation self-help intervention. Results showed a quit rate of 15%, and study findings were consistent with other similar studies. Those most likely to succeed were over 40 years old, better educated, and among the most confident of quitting at the onset.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Current developments in research-based interventions: enhancing and advancing the CNS role.

The purpose of this article is to describe current developments in the area of research-based nursing interventions and to suggest ways nurses can translate these new developments into their advanced practice roles. Past and present works by nurse scholars in the areas of classifying and systematic testing of nursing interventions are described briefly. Examples are provided to illustrate how the CNS can incorporate these recent developments in various ways into current practice, particularly as related to utilization and conduct of research.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1994

The effect of instructions on cognitive strategies and performance in biofeedback.

An experimental study was conducted in which 40 subjects, randomly assigned to four groups, were given differing instructions about using auditory biofeedback to lower forehead muscle tension. During each of three sessions, measures were taken of forehead electromyograph (EMG) and ability to discriminate and control muscle tension in order to measure learning during biofeedback. Cognitive strategies used by subjects were measured by taped verbal reports which were judged using four criteria based on two models of learning in biofeedback: "feedforward" and "feedback." Data were analyzed by chi-square, ANOVA, ANCOVA, and content analysis. Results indicate that subjects used predominantly a feedforward type of learning strategy in all four groups. Implications for teaching during biofeedback are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

A community-based smoking-cessation program: self-care behaviors and success.

Given the serious health consequences of smoking, nurses need to be well-informed on how to help various client populations with smoking cessation. Much recent research is focused upon effectiveness of various programs to enhance self-efficacy and self-management skills necessary to succeed in permanent smoking cessation. This study used a model based on Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory to examine specific variables of importance in smoking cessation using descriptors relevant to understanding self-care actions. The model is used to examine the outcomes of a community-based smoking-cessation program. Results indicate that 15% of the final sample quit smoking and 42% reduced smoking while participating in the program. Additional findings are helpful in describing actions taken by subjects who were and were not successful in quitting. Remedies suggested by the American Lung Association booklet "Freedom from Smoking for You and Your Family" were reported by subjects to be helpful in dealing with the most common problems experienced during smoking cessation. Results are applied to public health nursing, emphasizing that smoking cessation is "a process" in which individuals learn strategies that work for them.

Community Participation↗
PubMed1993

Mitral valve prolapse and its effects: a programme of inquiry within Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing.

The optimum growth and scientific progress of nursing knowledge during the next century will depend upon the development and execution of focused programmes of clinical and theoretical research. The planning and design of such programmes must originate with the clear definition of nursing research questions. Nesting such questions within established theoretical frameworks provides a nursing context, lends precise language and suggests relevant variables for study. The development of a sequence of related studies exploring and describing the self-care needs of people with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse illustrates one such systematic research programme. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory of Nursing was used as a theoretical framework for four completed studies which describe one population's need for nursing assistance. The evolving nature of the research programme and plans for future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Perspectives of the person with mitral valve prolapse syndrome: a study of self-care needs derived from a health deviation.

Epidemiological studies in the United States indicate that 5% of the population or nearly 7 million people have Mitral Valve Prolapse. This incidence has also been confirmed by British physicians. Approximately half of these persons seek medical care for treatment of symptoms. Persons with symptoms are often said to have "Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome." The purpose of this study was to describe experiences and self-care needs of persons diagnosed with Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome (MVPS). In Phase I of the study, medical records of 124 subjects were reviewed to identify the medical experience and typical symptoms associated with MVPS. In Phase II, 20 subjects with typical symptoms were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire based on health deviation self-care requisites developed by Orem. Results of this pilot study indicate that interviewed subjects with MVPS frequently had unresolved health concerns and were seeking help. Nursing assistance may therefore be needed to help such clients understand this health deviation, to make decisions regarding appropriate actions, and to accomplish self-care actions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Perceptions of body image and health status in persons with mitral valve prolapse.

Twenty subjects with diagnosed Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) were interviewed regarding self-care needs. Transcripts were analyzed for evidence of perceived health state and altered body image. The majority of subjects described experiences indicating that their perceptions of body image and health state were affected by the diagnosis of MVP. Using Smith's (1981) four categories of health perceptions, most subjects were judged to perceive their health state from a combination of clinical, role-performance and adaptive perspectives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Predictors of success in hypertensives treated with biofeedback-assisted relaxation.

This paper describes differences in response in seventeen patients with essential hypertension who participated in a treatment program consisting of electromyograph biofeedback assisted relaxation training. Responders were found to have higher treatment values of urinary and plasma cortisol, Trait Anxiety and forehead muscle tension compared to treatment failures. Responders also sustained greater decreases in plasma, and urinary cortisol after treatment. These data are discussed in light of the ability to predict which hypertensive patients may be most benefitted by a relaxation based treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The learning process in biofeedback: is it feed-forward or feedback?

Twenty participants responded to inquiries about strategies used, and thoughts during, each of three electromyograph biofeedback sessions. The purpose of the study was to learn more about what individuals report doing during biofeedback and, specifically, to determine if individuals construct a response using feedback to sense subtle differences in muscle tension (feedback processes), or select a response from an existing repertoire using feedback primarily for confirmation (feed-forward processes). Protocol analyses found considerable support for feed-forward processes and little support for feedback processes. Such results are important because early reliance on feed-forward processes may result in limited control and limited transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Mitral valve prolapse: a review of the scientific and medical literature.

In summary, the scientific literature on mitral valve prolapse reveals many unanswered questions about the significance of MVP. Patients with MVP exhibit a wide range of symptoms and problems, ranging from none to serious and disabling ones. Although the prognosis is highly favorable in the majority of cases, patients with significant symptoms may not experience improvement from medications and may benefit from nursing interventions directed toward reducing discomfort and fear.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Noncompliance revisited: a disciplinary perspective of a nursing diagnosis.

One of the nursing diagnoses accepted by NANDA is noncompliance. However, this diagnosis has been criticized because it implies coercion and dominance by health professionals, and because of the negative stereotyping the term promotes. The authors argue that noncompliance should not be used as a nursing diagnosis because of incongruence with nursing history, philosophy, ethics, theory, and the need for clinical utility of diagnoses. Alternative diagnoses are proposed.

Ethics, Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computerized documentation of case management. From diagnosis to outcomes.

Documentation of patient care, outcomes, and report writing are important aspects of the role of the case manager. In this article, the author examines the types of documentation approaches used by nurses in recent years and the new applications called for in the case manager role. Issues such as standardized language and multidisciplinary documentation are explored. Approaches to examining computerized documentation systems are presented. Finally, the importance of documentation in demonstrating what nurses do, allowing comparison of outcomes, and supporting reimbursement for nurses, are discussed.

Case Management↗