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Biomedical subjects

S Waldrop

Publications and source records attributed to S Waldrop.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Sentinel node staging of early breast cancer using lymphoscintigraphy and the intraoperative gamma detecting probe.

Lymphoscintigraphy combined with intraoperative gamma-probe detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with inoperable early primary breast cancers is effective for staging the disease. The clinical alternative is axillary lymph node dissection, which is a far more invasive procedure and is accompanied by significant morbidity. Accuracy of staging is enhanced by immunohistochemical staining of micrometastases, which pathologists can easily perform for one to three sentinel lymph nodes, but not for 20 to 30 nodes, using axillary dissection procedure. Optimum methodology is presented for performing sentinel lymph node imaging and is important for accurate identification of sentinel node(s).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed2000

Putative immunodominant human immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses cannot be predicted by major histocompatibility complex class I haplotype.

Recent studies of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T cells have focused on responses to single, usually HLA-A2-restricted epitopes as surrogate measures of the overall response to HIV. However, the assumption that a response to one epitope is representative of the total response is unconfirmed. Here we assess epitope immunodominance and HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell response complexity using cytokine flow cytometry to examine CD8(+) T-cell responses in 11 HLA-A2(+) HIV(+) individuals. Initial studies demonstrated that only 4 of 11 patients recognized the putative immunodominant HLA-A2-restricted p17 epitope SLYNTVATL, suggesting that the remaining subjects might lack significant HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses. However, five of six SLYNTVATL nonresponders recognized other HIV epitopes, and two of four SLYNTVATL responders had greater responses to HIV peptides restricted by other class I alleles. In several individuals, no HLA-A2-restricted epitopes were recognized, but CD8(+) T-cell responses were detected to epitopes restricted by other HLA class I alleles. These data indicate that an individual's overall CD8(+) T-cell response to HIV is not adequately represented by the response to a single epitope and that individual major histocompatibility complex class I alleles do not predict an immunodominant response restricted by that allele. Accurate quantification of total HIV-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses will require assessment of the response to all possible epitopes.

Antigen Presentation↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-2-activated lymphocytes from brain tumor patients. A comparison of two preparations generated in vitro.

Two preparations of human recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)-activated lymphocytes from patients harboring malignant brain tumors were characterized as autologous-stimulated lymphocytes (ASL) and lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. ASL were generated from Ficoll-Paque-isolated, nonadherent, defibrinated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) that were stimulated overnight with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and cultured with rIL-2 (100 U/ml) for 10 days. LAK cells were produced by culturing all PBL in rIL-2 (500 U/ml) for 4 days. In 4-hour chromium release assays, LAK cells showed greater cytotoxicity than ASL against natural killer (NK)-sensitive and NK-resistant tumor cell lines; by 18 hours, the effectiveness of ASL equaled that of LAK cells. By electron microscopic study, PBL, LAK cells, and ASL showed differences. The helper/inducer to suppressor/cytotoxic ratio (T4+/T8+) of PBL, LAK cells, and ASL was 1.1:1, 1.0:1, and 0.4:1, respectively. ASL, when compared with PBL or LAK cells, have a significantly higher percentage of MO1+/DR+ and T8+/9.3+ subpopulations. ASL and LAK cells, used for the therapy of gliomas, are distinct.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1985

Cellular origin of human lymphotoxin and its purification.

The ability of various subsets of human mononuclear cells to produce human lymphotoxin (LT) was examined. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were separated into OKT4+, OKT8+, and Leu-11a+ subpopulations by flow cytometry. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells produced LT upon phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, but the OKT4+ T cells were the major source of LT. In contrast, Leu-11a+ cells failed to produce LT. The LT production and the proliferative response to PHA, of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells, were inhibited by prostaglandin E2 and histamine. The LT, derived from PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes, was purified by a procedure involving Blue-agarose, Con A-Sepharose chromatography, preparative gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The LT activity was recovered from SDS gel with major activity peak in the Mr 76,000 region and the minor activity peak in the Mr 24,000 region. The LT derived from 1788 lymphoblastoid cell line also showed heterogeneity on SDS gel. The activity was recovered from two peaks in the region of Mr 70,000 and 20,000.

Dinoprostone↗