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Biomedical subjects

S Walton

Publications and source records attributed to S Walton.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Esophageal involvement in Behçet's disease. Is endoscopy necessary?

Twenty patients who were diagnosed as having Behçet's Disease between 1976 and 1990 were asked to attend the dermatology department so that their diagnosis could be reviewed in the light of recently established criteria for the diagnosis of Behçet's disease. Ten patients fulfilled the diagnostic criteria, nine of whom agreed to participate in this endoscopic study. Nine patients underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, three of whom had dyspepsia alone, two had dysphagia and dyspepsia, one had symptoms of acid regurgitation, and the remainder were asymptomatic at the time of endoscopy. One patient had evidence of grade 1 reflux esophagitis, one had an incidental pyloric canal ulcer, and one patient who had severe dysphagia on presentation was found to have a high esophageal stricture with accompanying ulceration. Behçet's disease rarely affects the esophagus but when present can cause marked esophagitis with consequent stricture formation. Since the incidence of esophageal involvement was low (11%), we conclude that unless the patient had marked esophageal symptoms there is no indication for routine endoscopy of patients with Behçet's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Endolymphatic delivery of IL2 in patients with melanoma and lymphoma.

UNLABELLED: During this phase I/II study, enodolymphatic cannulae were placed in the iliac lymphatics under general anaesthesia. IL2 was then infused via this route at escalating doses until the highest tolerated dose was achieved; then, continuous infusion was maintained for 2 to 3 weeks. Seven patients with advanced cancer (3 lymphoma, 4 melanoma), resistant to all other modalities of treatment received such therapy. Most patients tolerated 4 to 5 x 10(6) u/day of IL2 for 2 to 3 weeks with less toxicity as compared to the equivalent dosage given intravenously. No severe perioperative morbidity was experienced. One melanoma patient had a minor clinical response. Changes in circulating lymphocyte numbers and cytotoxicity demonstrated a systemic effect of endolymphatic IL2 therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The endolymphatic administration of IL2 is associated with less toxicity than the intravenous route but still achieves a systemic effect; a lower tumour burden may prove more responsive to this therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Extensive and fatal basal cell carcinoma: a report of three cases.

Three cases of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) with extensive invasion are described. The first two patients had meningeal and cerebral involvement with exposure of their dural meninges following full thickness skull erosion. The third patient had bilateral orbital and optic nerve involvement resulting in complete blindness. All three patients subsequently died from their disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Pyoderma gangrenosum: associations revisited.

Fourteen cases of pyoderma gangrenosum were seen over a period of 24 years at the Hull Royal Infirmary Dermatology Department. Several associated conditions were found. Seven cases were associated with rheumatoid arthritis of which five were sero-positive, including one with Felty's syndrome. One case was associated with both ulcerative colitis and psoriasis; one with polycythemia rubra vera; two patients had diverticular disease including one who also had rheumatoid arthritis; one had positive syphilis serology. In three cases there was no significant associated disease identified. Ten out of the fourteen cases were women, indicating a female preponderance by a ratio of about 2F:1M; a figure similar to that stated by Seitzinger. The age of presentation ranged from 30 to 80 years.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Role of prostaglandins in delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha were assayed in blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples from patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and from a control population. The levels found in samples obtained from patients after SAH were compared with those found in controls and were also correlated with a number of clinical and radiological variables, many of which are either significantly associated with or represent evidence of cerebral ischemia. The levels of prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha in blood samples from patients after SAH and from controls were below the level of sensitivity of the assays. Levels of prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2, and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha in cerebrospinal fluid from patients after SAH were significantly elevated when compared with those found in control samples. There was no significant correlation, however, between the level of each prostaglandin measured and the following variables: clinical grade on admission as assessed by the Glasgow Coma Score and the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons grading system; the amount of subarachnoid blood seen on computed tomographic scan; the occurrence of ischemic deterioration; the occurrence of low density change on computed tomographic scan; the presence of vasospasm on angiography; clinical outcome as assessed by the Glasgow Coma Score 3 months after the ictus; and the incidence of ischemia as a cause of death or disability as assessed 3 months after the ictus. A primary role for prostaglandins in the etiology of delayed cerebral ischemia after SAH is not therefore confirmed.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1992

Does thrombin prevent cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels which have been shown to be a quantitative index of thrombin generation, were measured in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and from a control population. The levels found in samples obtained in patients following SAH are compared with those found in controls and also correlated with clinical grade on admission as assessed by the Glasgow Coma Score and the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons' grading system, and with the amount of subarachnoid blood seen on CT, the occurrence of ischaemic deterioration, the occurrence of low-density change on CT, the presence of vasospasm on angiography, clinical outcome as assessed by the Glasgow Outcome Score 3 months following the ictus, and the incidence of ischaemia as a cause of death or disability as assessed 3 months following the ictus. The levels of FPA found in blood and CSF from patients following SAH were significantly raised when compared with those found in controls. There was significant correlation between blood FPA levels and the amount of subarachnoid blood seen on initial CT. CSF FPA levels had a statistically significant correlation with outcome as assessed at 3 months post-ictus. No statistically significant correlation was found between blood or CSF FPA levels and any of the other variables studied.

Fibrinopeptide A↗
PubMed1991

A monoclonal antibody to a 67 kD cell membrane glycoprotein directly induces persistent platelet aggregation independently of granule secretion.

The transition from reversible to persistent platelet aggregation has been difficult to study because of interference both from preceding primary aggregation and from the events associated with granule secretion during secondary aggregation. As a result it remains unclear whether the persistence of aggregation involves some secretion-independent specific platelet surface reactions. Here we show that a monoclonal antibody (MAb), LeoAl, against a newly described 67 kD platelet membrane glycoprotein induced active platelet aggregation consisting of two distinct phases. The first secretion-independent phase was in several respects (extracellular protein, divalent cation, and pH dependence) different from primary aggregation, but closely resembled the transition from primary to secondary aggregation observed at certain concentrations of physiological agonists. The second, faster phase was indistinguishable from secretion-dependent aggregation to various stimulants. It was shown that p67, GPIIb-IIIa and FC gamma RII are all involved in the observed aggregation, probably through their close topographical association. It is suggested that LeoAl-induced aggregation can be used as a model to study the receptors, ligands and metabolic pathways specifically involved in the transition from reversible to persistent platelet aggregation.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1991

Skin and gullet.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Rosacea and ulcerative colitis: a possible association.

Although rosacea was formerly believed to be associated with gastrointestinal upsets, no one any longer finds a significant association between rosacea and the intestinal tract. We describe four patients with a combination of ulcerative colitis and rosacea. In all four, ulcerative colitis preceded the onset of severe papulopustular rosacea, and we therefore feel that the severity of rosacea could have been due to the associated bowel disorder. In one, the severity and poor initial response of rosacea to treatment was clearly related to the activity of the ulcerative colitis, and the rosacea improved only after proctocolectomy. While it is possible that this purported association is fortuitous, we report these cases in the hope that others may have seen this combination of diseases, to our knowledge previously unreported.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Characterization of a novel membrane glycoprotein involved in platelet activation.

When platelets bind certain specific ligands they are induced to secrete the contents of their cytoplasmic granules and to aggregate. Studies of the molecular events accompanying this vital physiological response have led to a greater understanding of cell activation in general since the pathways involved are common to a number of cell types. By contrast most of the information about the cell surface molecules that initiate signal transduction has emerged from work on T lymphocyte activation, a process essential to the initiation of the immune response. We have described an activation antigen on T lymphocytes that is involved in the differentiation of these cells. In the present report it is demonstrated that the antigen is expressed on the platelet membrane with about 1,200 copies/platelet. A monoclonal antibody detecting this antigen stimulates platelet secretion and aggregation with a half-maximal response at approximately 10(-8) M. Characterization of the antigen, termed PTA1, reveals a glycoprotein of Mr 67,000 showing extensive N-linked carbohydrate, much of which appears to be heavily sialated. The amino-terminal sequence of PTA1, EEVLWHTSVPFAEXMSLEXVYPSM, indicates that the protein has not previously been characterized. Preliminary investigation of the mechanism by which PTA1 mediates platelet activation suggests involvement of protein kinase C and the 47-kDa protein of platelets is rapidly phosphorylated upon antibody-mediated activation. During this process PTA1 is also phosphorylated, as it is following platelet activation by the other agonists, collagen, thrombin, and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate. These results provide the first example of a cell surface glycoprotein that is directly involved in both platelet and T lymphocyte activation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1989

Colchicine therapy in Behçet's syndrome--a report of five cases.

Five patients with Behçet's syndrome of varying duration were treated with colchicine (500 micrograms b.i.d.). All improved clinically and one has remained clear for 1 year after cessation of therapy, although in one patient who had neurological symptoms, paraesthesiae have persisted throughout treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Chronic granulomatous disease--a case showing long-term survival.

The diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease of childhood was made in a 10-year-old boy following episodes of recurrent cervical abscesses and ulcerative stomatitis since the age of 4 years. Nineteen years on, on antibiotic prophylaxis, he is now married and remains active although he has been hospitalized with serious complications on many occasions.

Child↗