PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

S Warter

Publications and source records attributed to S Warter.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Application of molecular cytogenetics for chromosomal evolution of the Lemuriformes (Prosimians).

R-banding chromosomal studies of 21 species of Lemuriformes allowed us to reconstruct the presumed ancestral karyotype of all the Lemuriformes except for Daubentoniidae and permitted the construction of their phylogenetic tree. Chromosome painting with fluorescently labeled heterologous DNA probes permitted comparative chromosome maps to be established. The Zoo-FISH method was used to reassess the karyotypes of 22 species or subspecies. While our results largely confirm the previous reconstruction of the ancestral karyotype, they resulted in a modification of the previously established phylogenetic tree. The Daubentoniidae emerged first followed by the divergence of the families Cheirogaleidae, Indriidae, Lepilemuridae and Lemuridae. Eight chromosome rearrangements occurred in all Lemuriformes except for Daubentoniidae in the common trunk. The present findings do not allow us to propose the occurrence of any rearrangement common to Daubentoniidae and other Lemuriformes, and probably other Prosimii. Conserved syntenies previously described in various mammalian orders were also conserved, while others were specific to the Lemuriformes.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[Sonographic imaging of lymphatic vessels compared to other methods].

This paper reviews for the first time the normal and abnormal appearances of lymphatic channels of the skin using ultrasound. After a review of anatomy and histology, the authors present the current imaging modalities available for lymph vessel imaging. The ultrasound examination is presented with a description of the author's technique as well as the technical requirements of the ultrasound unit (12 MHz linear probe with a resolution of 400 microns). They present the ultrasound appearance of normal lymphatic channels and their relationships to the dermis, hypodermis and lymph nodes, and at last the ultrasound appearance of abnormal lymphatic pathways

Contrast Media↗
PubMed2000

Do morphological anomalies reflect chromosomal aneuploidies?: case report.

In cases of severe teratozoospermia, the current morphological criteria used to assess chromosomal status is insufficient for the selection of spermatozoa for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Case histories are reported of four patients presenting 100% teratozoospermia, and the integrity of their individual chromosomal statuses is determined using a three-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Patient 1 presented shortened flagella syndrome, patient 2 globozoospermia, patient 3 spermatozoa with irregular acrosomes, and patient 4 macrocephalic spermatozoa with associated multiple flagella. Three-colour FISH analysis using chromosome X, Y and 1-specific probes showed that approximately 95% of the spermatozoa analysed from patients 1, 2 and 3 presented X,1 and Y,1 signals, X,Y ratios and aneuploidy/diploidy rates comparable with those observed in normal controls. In contrast, patient 4 showed a highly elevated Y to X sex ratio and a highly elevated aneuploidy/diploidy rate. Three-colour FISH analysis thus demonstrates an increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in association with macrocephalic spermatozoa. Moreover, the analysis shows that in patients affected with either globozoospermia, shortened flagella syndrome or a condition of abnormal acrosomal spermatozoa, no association exists between chromosomal status and phenotype. Since these patients display normal haploid, sex chromosome and aneuploidy status, ICSI can be conceivably offered as a treatment for their infertility.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed2000

Histological and genetic analysis and risk assessment for chromosomal aberration after ICSI for patients presenting with CBAVD.

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has opened a new field in the treatment of male infertility, leading to a debate concerning its genetic safety. In this study we present an analysis of 11 patients presenting congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). In all 11 cases, genetic counselling, histological analysis of testicular biopsies, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutation screenings of both partners and spermatozoa three-colour fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) analysis were performed. A total of 31 CFTR mutations were screened and mutations were found in eight out of 11 cases, with DeltaF508 being the most common mutation found. Histological analyses showed that seven out of 11 patients had normal tubule/membrane/interstitium (TMI) and Johnsen scores, while the remaining four patients had mild impairment of testicular parenchyma. The average aneuploidy rate was 6.8 +/- 3.9% compared with two control subjects with 4.4 and 5.4% aneuploidy rates respectively, using FISH analysis. After ICSI, the fertilization and pregnancy rates were 66.2 and 22.7% respectively. Thus, in our case of CBAVD, the risk of chromosomal aberration following ICSI, in the absence of a CFTR mutation in the male patient and/or in his partner, was not higher than in normal fertile men. Furthermore, the pregnancy success rate following ICSI of these CBAVD patients was comparable to the general ICSI population, even when histological analysis showed limited spermatogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Prognostic value of objective semen parameters in an in vitro fertilization program.

PURPOSE: The basic semen parameters seem to have a limited predictive value in male fertility. Could other objective sperm analyses be helpful in the choice of the most adapted assisted procreation technique? METHODS: This study concerns 78 infertile couples with insemination failures. For each semen, 21 objective parameters are analyzed in fresh semen and after sperm selection procedure. The 78 couples are then included in an IVF protocol and classified into two groups: fertile (at least one cleaved embryo is obtained) and infertile. RESULTS: Using multiple variant discriminant factorial analysis, we have found nine nonconventional parameters which induce us to define two classes of semen. These two classes fit with the classification into fertile and infertile groups in 74.4% of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: So these parameters allow us to predict the chance of obtaining embryos during an IVF trial and to choose for each couple the most appropriate technique: IVF or ICSI.

Acrosin↗
PubMed1997

Chromosome painting: a method for testing chromosomal changes in lemur evolution.

Chromosome painting using commercially available human chromosome-specific DNA libraries was performed to elucidate chromosomal rearrangements in lemur evolution. Human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 14, 15, and 21 were used to paint chromosomes of six species: Eulemur fulvus mayottensis, Varecia variegata, Lemur catta, Hapalemur simus, H. griseus griseus, and H. aureus. All human chromosome libraries hybridized specifically to chromosome segments of varying length or to whole arms of Lemur chromosomes. The labeling was clearly visualized and permitted precise delineation of the hybridized Lemur chromosomal segments. The use of commercial probes of human chromosomes for chromosome painting appears efficient enough to investigate homology in different species of Lemur. In general, the results obtained by chromosome painting in this study confirm results previously obtained by the R-banding technique but modify the location of some chromosomal rearrangements on different branches of the evolutionary tree of the Lemuridae and reveal some new rearrangements that were not detectable with banding techniques. These results show that chromosome painting with human chromosome-specific DNA libraries can provide useful information in comparative studies on karyotypes of distantly related mammalian species, providing a powerful tool for evolutionary studies, especially in phylogeny.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Demonstration of homoeologies between human and lemur chromosomes by chromosome painting.

Human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 14, 19, and 21 were used to paint chromosomes of three lemur species: Eulemur fulvus mayottensis, E. macaco macaco, and Lemur catta. Chromosomes 1 and 3 of E. f. mayottensis are homoeologous to human chromosomes 3, 9, 14, and 21, as previously suggested by chromosome banding. Probes for human chromosomes 7 and 19 produced unexpectedly strong signals in the centromeric regions of all lemur chromosomes, suggesting that sequences homologous to nonrepeated sequences of the human genome have been amplified during the formation of constitutive heterochromatin in lemurs.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Anti-(human LFA-1) monoclonal antibodies bind P815 murine tumour cells.

Using anti-CD11a and anti-CD18 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed respectively against the alpha and the beta chains of LFA-1, we obtained an important and specific staining of P815 murine tumour cells. Both ascitic and cultured cells displayed a positive staining. Other murine tumours of haematopoietic origin, as well as lymphocytes or lymphoblasts from DBA/2 mice, were not labelled by the same monoclonal antibodies. These results were surprising since, to our knowledge, no case of cross-reaction between species has been reported with LFA-1. Moreover, competition assays showed that epitopes recognized by the two anti-CD11a antibodies were different from those identified by H35.89.9, a mAb raised against the murine LFA-1 alpha chain. Using allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we also showed that anti-(human LFA-1) mAbs were unable to block the lysis of P815 by these effector cells. Thus, the putative functional properties of these structures, as well as their importance from an antigeneic point of view, remain to be assessed.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Chromosomal rearrangements and speciation of sportive lemurs (Lepilemur species).

Theoretical configurations of meiotic chromosomes of potential hybrids between the different Lepilemur species were examined, and the classification of this genus was reviewed in the light of this information. Among the chromosomal rearrangements that occurred during the chromosomal evolution of the sportive lemurs, only those which would generate a pronounced reproductive barrier were considered in relation to the geographic distribution of this genus. The analysis showed that the pattern of geographic distribution is compatible with the inferred chronological occurrence of these chromosomal rearrangements in the phylogenetic tree of the genus Lepilemur.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Cytogenetic study of Hapalemur aureus.

The karyotype of Hapalemur aureus was compared with those of other Hapalemur species, allowing us to determine the phylogenetic position of this species on the evolutionary tree of the Lemuridae.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Confirmation, via in situ hybridization, of the occurrence of Robertsonian translocations during lemur evolution by localization of GLUDP1 DNA sequences on lemur chromosomes.

A human genomic DNA sequence derived from glutamate dehydrogenase pseudogene 1 was used as a probe for in situ hybridization to the chromosomes of three lemur species, Eulemur fulvus mayottensis (EFU), E. macaco macaco (EMA), and E. coronatus (ECO). This sequence, which is 98% homologous to the nucleotide sequence of the gene for human glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD), was found on homologous bands of three morphologically similar chromosome segments, EFU14, EMA5p, and ECO8q, confirming that different Robertsonian translocations occurred during the evolution of these three species. These loci on the lemur chromosomes probably correspond to the human GLUD locus.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Chromosomal rearrangements and sterility in the lemur].

Autosomal rearrangements are one of the causes of human sterility, particularly in males, where they result in a considerable diminution of gametogenesis. The relationships between multivalents and trivalents, and problems of gametogenesis observed in certain lemur hybrids, make these animals a good model for the study of human male sterility of chromosomal origin.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Value of a novel antibiotic association for the study of sperm motility in vitro.

An association of mezlocillin and amikacin was compared to the commonly used penicillin and streptomycin for ridding of bacterial flora in 31 contaminated semen, when sperm motility after 24 hour incubation was checked. The former association proved efficient in 30 cases and the latter in only 19. Thus the mezlocillin/amikacin association might be of interest when semen is manipulated.

Amikacin↗