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Biomedical subjects

S Weinrich

Publications and source records attributed to S Weinrich.

27 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Post-traumatic stress disorder in adolescents after a hurricane.

A school-based study conducted in 1990, 1 year after Hurricane Hugo, investigated the frequency and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in 1,264 adolescents aged 11-17 years residing in selected South Carolina communities. Data were collected via a 174-item self-administered questionnaire that included a PTSD symptom scale. A computer algorithm that applied decision rules of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised to the symptoms reported was used to assign a diagnosis of PTSD and to designate the number of individuals who met the reexperiencing (20%), avoidance (9%), and arousal (18%) criteria. Rates of PTSD were lowest in black males (1.5%) and higher, but similar, in the remaining groups (3.8-6.2%). Results from a multivariable logistic model indicated that exposure to the hurricane (odds ratio (OR) = 1.26, 95% confidence interval 1.13-1.41), experiencing other violent traumatic events (OR = 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.75-3.44), being white (OR = 2.03, 95% confidence interval 1.12-3.69) and being female (OR = 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.15-4.10) were significant correlates of PTSD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Nurses respond to Hurricane Hugo victims' disaster stress.

Hugo, a class IV hurricane, hit South Carolina September 22, 1989, and left behind a wake of terror and destruction. Sixty-one nursing students and five faculty were involved in disaster relief with families devastated by the hurricane. A review of the literature led these authors to propose a formulation of the concept of disaster stress, a synthesis of theories that explains response to disaster as a crisis response, a stress response, or as posttraumatic stress. With the concept of disaster stress serving as a theoretical foundation, the nurses observed, assessed, and intervened with one population of hurricane Hugo victims, noting their immediate psychosocial reactions and coping mechanisms. Victims' reactions to disaster stress included confusion, irritability, lethargy, withdrawal, and crying. The most frequently observed coping strategy of these hurricane Hugo victims was talking about their experiences; other coping tactics involved humor, religion, and altruism.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

The problem of front-back localization in binaural hearing.

Some investigations concerning the problem of front-back discrimination in normal hearing are described. Three groups of experiments are included: Some objective measurements of transfer functions of the ears of four subjects, horizontal plane simulations and modifications of artificial-head signals in order to bring about directional inversions in the horizontal plane. It is concluded that subjects are able to utilize small individual characteristics in the transfer functions of their own outer ears to distinguish between front and back.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Group protocol to mitigate disaster stress and enhance social support in adolescents exposed to Hurricane Hugo.

Literature reports that cognitive understanding and social support can mitigate stress in both adults and adolescents. As a subcomponent of the Carolina Adolescent Health Project (CAHP), this research evaluated the efficacy of a Cognitive Social Support (CSS) group protocol designed to mitigate the disaster stress of adolescents who had been exposed seriously to Hurricane Hugo. A purposive sample of 259 students participated in and evaluated the CSS. This article reports the specific structure, content, process, rationale, and cost of the CSS. Evaluations indicated that 82% of the students evaluated the small-group component of the CSS as "very good" or "excellent," while 70% rated the large-group component as "very good" or "excellent."

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-efficacy in normal adolescents.

This descriptive study, one component of the Carolina Adolescent Health Project (CAHP), measured self-efficacy in a voluntary sample of 432 normal freshmen and sophomore urban high school students. Using Coppel's Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), which is based on Bandura's conceptualization of self-efficacy, the research also examined the effect of gender, race, socioeconomic status, and self-reported religiosity on self-efficacy. The teenagers in this sample had a moderately high degree of self-efficacy with a mean SES score of 45.37 (SES range = 13-65). A series of t tests and one-way and two-way analyses of variance indicated no significant difference in SES scores by race, gender, socioeconomic status, or religiosity. Findings did not support the investigators' original expectation that these demographic and psychosocial variables would affect self-efficacy. The study provides normative data for future comparative studies using the SES.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to prostate cancer screening in African American men.

Prostate cancer is one of the most significant health problems facing men today, especially African American men. Decreased participation in prostate cancer screening by African American men is a serious problem, as decreased survival rates occur when the diagnosis of prostate cancer is delayed. This descriptive correlational study focuses on identifying the relationship between perceived barriers and participation in a free prostate cancer screening program. A purposive sample of African American men (n = 1,395) was drawn from multiple community sites in the southeast United States. All significant variables (age, income group, marital status, and educational intervention were used as covariants for the multiple logistic regression. With the addition of the covariants, the barrier suggesting "would be embarrassed" remained significant (p = 0.03). Two other barriers, "no way to get there" and "refuse to go" approached significance (p = 0.08 and p = 0.09, respectively). Nurses can use knowledge about barriers identified in this study to develop interventions aimed at increasing participation in prostate cancer screening among African American men.

Adult↗