Some social and attitudinal correlates of health care among Mexican Americans.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Age Factors↗
Biomedical subjects
S Welch
Publications and source records attributed to S Welch.
The appearance of endogenous opiates in cerebrospinal fluid following opiate injection in various animal species.
Phenylquinone writhing, tail-flick, stimulated guinea pig ileum and mouse vas deferens were used to quantitate opiate-like activity in CSF taken prior to and at various times after the injection of morphine. The injection of various doses of morphine caused a dose responsive increase in opiate-like material in rabbit CSF taken at the peak of activity (60 min later). Morphine also caused an increase in opiate activity in dog CSF. Quantitation of radioactivity in CSF after the injection of radiolabelled morphine, stability studies and other assays were used to rule out the possibility that the increased activity in CSF was due to morphine itself. CSF taken after morphine injection produced a peak on HPLC with a 15 minute retention time which was not present in CSF taken prior to the injection. This peak was not caused by morphine, met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, dynorphin 1-13 or beta-endorphin which have retention times of 5, 7, 9, 22 and 30 minutes, respectively. Preinjection of the rabbit with naloxone blocked the increased opiate-like effects of CSF taken after morphine and the opiate effects of the CSF were antagonized by naloxone injected into mice or the isolated organ bath.
Animals↗
Survey of drug and alcohol use by lesbian women in New Zealand.
The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence of alcohol and drug use and attitudes towards alcohol use in a group of New Zealand lesbian women. The method used is 1,222 copies of a postal questionnaire (the Lesbian Mental Health Survey [LMHS]) were distributed via lesbian newsletters over a 4-month period. Responses were received from 561 women, an estimated response rate of 50.8%. The respondents were predominantly New Zealand European, highly educated, urban women in the 25- to 50-year age bracket; 30.1% smoked cigarettes, and 90.2% had drunk alcohol at some time in the past year, over half once per week or less. The median number of drinks per week was 1.5 drinks, equivalent to 22.5 ml alcohol per week. Despite a comparatively low reported use of alcohol, 48.1% of respondents expressed the view that alcohol is used excessively in the lesbian community; 75.8% had used cannabis at least once, 32.6% in the past year; 30.8% had used recreational drugs other than cannabis and alcohol at some time, 4.5% in the past year.
Adult↗
A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of lofexidine in alcohol withdrawal: lofexidine is not a useful adjunct to chlordiazepoxide.
Lofexidine is an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist which has proved useful in opiate withdrawal and which, through its attenuation of noradrenergic activity, might be a valuable adjunct in the management of alcohol withdrawal. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical effectiveness and patient retention with adjunctive lofexidine versus placebo in the treatment of alcohol withdrawal under chlordiazepoxide cover. This was done in a prospective double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial with 72 alcohol-dependent adults referred and admitted for in-patient alcohol detoxification. The adjunctive lofexidine group experienced significantly more severe withdrawal symptoms, greater hypotensive problems, more adverse effects, and no better rates of retention in treatment. Lofexidine provides no discernible benefit as an adjunctive medication (to chlordiazepoxide) in alcohol detoxification and, on the basis of our study, appears to be contra-indicated.
Alcoholism↗
Hirulog-like peptide reduces balloon catheter injury induced neointima formation in rat carotid artery without increase in bleeding tendency.
Vascular restenosis is one of the major concerns for the management of coronary artery disease using therapeutic vascular procedures. Treatments with thrombin-specific inhibitors, hirudin or hirulog-1, reduced ischemic events in coronary artery disease patients. Early started and prolonged infusions of these thrombin inhibitors partially prevented balloon catheter injury induced restenosis or neointima formation in experimental animal models, but increased the bleeding tendency. Hirulog-like peptide (HLP) was rationally designed to enhance the inhibition of the binding of thrombin to its receptor with less interruption of coagulation activity in comparison to hirulog-1. A single infusion of HLP for 4 h started 0.5 h before balloon catheter injury reduced neointima formation by 36% in rat carotid artery compared to vehicle controls. Tail bleeding time and activated partial thromboplastin time during HLP infusion were not significantly different from vehicle controls, but were significantly shorter than during heparin or hirulog-1 infusion. HLP treatment attenuated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor in the neointima of injured arteries. HLP also inhibited thrombin-induced thymidine incorporation in cultured baboon aortic smooth muscle cells. The findings suggest that HLP may substantially inhibit balloon catheter injury induced neointima formation without noticeable increase in bleeding tendency in rats. The inhibition by HLP of the expression of platelet-derived growth factor and of the smooth muscle cell proliferation in the vascular wall potentially contributes to the preventive effect of the new thrombin inhibitor on injury-induced neointima formation in the vascular wall.
Angioplasty, Balloon↗
Can data collection during the grieving process be justifiable?
Research has shown that there are a number of competing theories regarding the use of bereaved people for research purposes. One view emphasizes their vulnerability, weakness and inability to take part in decision-making. Another is that there is an infringement of rights if people are denied the freedom of choice to take part in research. This article considers issues concerned with data collection from recently bereaved relatives who were at some stage of the grieving process. The participants were interviewed as part of the OXMIS study which aimed to identify the incidence of myocardial infarction in Oxfordshire. A total of 142 interviews took place (59 home visits and 83 telephone interviews). Of the cases not interviewed, sufficient information was gained in 94% from other sources to fulfil the required criteria. The perceived benefit or apparent risk of vulnerable groups participating in research is discussed in light of the study results.
Bereavement↗