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Biomedical subjects

S Wilcox

Publications and source records attributed to S Wilcox.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Work-related physical exertion and risk of preterm, low birthweight delivery.

Although many women work during pregnancy, the effect of maternal job experience on pregnancy outcome is controversial. We investigated whether work-related physical exertion increases a woman's risk of delivering a preterm, low birthweight infant. We studied 773 employed, pregnant women included in the National Longitudinal Survey of Labor Market Experience, Youth Cohort (NLSY), a nationally representative sample of young adults. Data concerning work status, job title during pregnancy, and other factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy were obtained from the NLSY. Assessment of physical exertion was based on job title, using an established catalogue of occupational characteristics. Women in jobs characterised by high physical exertion experienced a higher rate of preterm, low birthweight delivery, defined as maternal report of delivery more than 3 weeks early and birthweight under 2,500 g (adjusted RR = 5.1, 95% CI = 1.5, 17.7). These findings support a policy of limiting work-related physical exertion during pregnancy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Preparing the educational interpreter. A survey of sign language interpreter training programs.

Despite rapid growth in the field of educational interpreting little is known about the formal training of educational interpreters. This gap in the research is the focus of this study. A questionnaire was sent to the directors of 50 interpreter training programs nationwide asking for information about their course work in educational interpreting and related areas; instruction in signed English systems; and the directors' opinions on certain ethical and professional questions facing the educational interpreter. The results suggest that graduates of interpreter training programs who obtain employment as public school interpreters are not adequately prepared. Training programs provide few courses on the education of deaf children, on the language systems used, and on issues specific to classroom interpreting. The directors of these programs overwhelmingly support the development of guidelines on the educational interpreter's role. They show some support for the "interpreter as tutor" role but are equivocal about the development of a special certification for educational interpreters.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1982

Midline versus eccentric pattern perception with acuity equated.

There is reason to believe that the difference between central and peripheral vision may not be due exclusively to differences in acuity. This idea was tested, with four subjects, by lowering foveal acuity to that of 40 degrees eccentricity and then comparing central and peripheral pattern perception. It was hypothesized that, because there were qualitative differences in the two systems, central pattern perception would still be superior to peripheral pattern perception. The results did not support the notion that there are differences which cannot be accounted for by acuity. Differences were minimal (statistically nonsignificant), and slight trends suggested peripheral superiority.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Foreign dental graduates: admission criteria and predicted success in an American dental school.

In recent years the flow of foreign dental graduates into the United States has increased markedly. To ensure that these individuals have the knowledge and professional skills necessary to practice dentistry in the United States, several dental schools have established international student programs. Since their beginning, these programs have had many more applicants than openings; this has led to a highly competitive admissions procedure to select the applicants who have the greatest probability of success. Several factors unique to foreign dental schools, such as the lack of an accreditation process or a uniform grading system, have made this selection process difficult. A study was carried out to determine which of certain variables, or combination of variables, collected during the admissions process are most effective as predictors of the success of foreign dental graduates in an international student dental program. The results of this study provide possible admission guidelines for American dental schools with special programs for foreign dental graduates.

Dentists↗
PubMed1980

Perception of a "subjective" contour by infants.

1--4-month-old infants' abilities to see various structural characteristics of a "subjective" contour figure (the Kanizsa triangle) were assessed via a habituation procedure. The Kanizsa triangle was presented followed by comparison figures which contained different types of similarity to it. One comparison figure contained a triangle--the pattern formed by the relationship of the 3 elements. A second comparison figure contained the original elements, but they were rotated to eliminate the "subjective" triangle. A third figure contained completely different forms but the same amount of total flux and contour as the Kanizsa triangle. The results indicated that the first 2 comparison figures but not the third were seen by the infants as similar to the Kanizsa figure.

Discrimination Learning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Chrysotherapy. Suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis.

Forty-four subjects with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis who were on individualized chrysotherapy were observed for changes in serum protein electrophoresis, immunoglobulins, and circulating lymphocyte counts. By paired variate analysis, significant declines from pretreatment values were recorded for the following--electrophoretic protein fractions: gamma, alpha-1, alpha-2, (P less than 0.05); immunoglobulins: IgM--53% (P less than 0.001), IgG--37% (P less than 0.01), IgA--34% (P less than 0.001). Rheumatoid factor decreased in 29 of 39 subjects, 15 becoming seronegative (P less than 0.001); circulating lymphocytes decreased by 27% (P less than 0.001). The maximal suppressive effect on IgG and IgM was not achieved until the third and fourth years of therapy by sustained weekly administration of gold sodium thiomalate (one year cumulative dosage, mean 2106 mg, range 1065-2,885; greater than or equal to 4 year cumulative dosage, mean 8747 mg, range 5,385-15,160 mg). An immunosuppressive effect is suggested by these results.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of gold lymphocyte binding during chrysotherapy.

Carbon rod atomic absorption analysis (CRA) was applied to the quantiation of gold lymphocyte content (GLC) during chrysotherapy. Sensitivity and accuracy of CRA compared favorably with 195Au isotopic scintillation counting, circumventing the limitations and hazards of the latter in clinical applications. Picogram gold quantification of limited sample volume, less than 10 ml blood, e.g., 10(4)-10(5) lymphocytes (5 microliters) containing 5-10 pg was achieved. GLC after IM administration increased significantly in 60% of patients; for the remainder, GLC was observed to be independent of plasma gold content or cumulative dosage. GLC during auranofin administration (6 mg/day p.o.) approached values for IM gold despite significantly lower plasma levels. Unique sensitivity of CRA enables analysis of GLC under therapeutic conditions that could elucidate whether gold alters functional determinants.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Happy babies.

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Clinical Nursing Research↗