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Biomedical subjects

S Wilkinson

Publications and source records attributed to S Wilkinson.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Effects of training in visual discrimination after one year: visual analysis of volleyball skills.

Although the effects of specialized training in visual analysis of skills are well documented, whether the effects are lasting is not. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effect a visual skills training program in volleyball had on participants one year after the completion of a training intervention. Subjects received either traditional performance instruction supplemented with visual training or traditional performance instruction in volleyball only. All subjects remaining in the teacher education program from a previous study were given a visual test on diagnosing errors in three different volleyball skills (the forearm pass, the overhead pass, and the overhead serve). Subjects exposed to visual training remained significantly better at diagnosing errors for the three volleyball skills one year later as compared to those subjects who had not received visual training.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Factors which influence how nurses communicate with cancer patients.

Communication is one of the most important aspects of cancer nursing. Evidence suggests nurses experience communication difficulties and frequently block patients from divulging their worries or concerns. This paper focuses on a study which aimed to determine: (a) the extent to which nurses facilitate or block patients and awareness of their verbal behaviours; (b) whether there is a relationship between nurses' verbal behaviours and levels of anxiety, social support, work support and attitude to death; and (c) nurses' difficulties in caring for cancer patients. The study was conducted in a specialist and non-specialist hospital. Fifty-four registered nurses completed three audio-taped histories (one with a new cancer patient, a patient with a recurrence and a patient for pallative care), a self-administered questionnaire and a semi-structured audio-taped interview. The data were analysed using SPSSX. The findings indicate an overall poor level of facilitative communication, with a patient's recurrence causing most difficulties. There is evidence to suggest the way nurses communicate may depend on the environment created by the ward sister, the nurses' religious beliefs and attitude to death rather than specific education in communication skills.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Studies on the structures of the Tm, Sj, M1, Can, Sext and Hu blood group antigens.

The Glycophorins (GPs = sialoglycoproteins) in erythrocyte membranes from various Black individuals, some of which exhibit the M1, Can, Sj, Tm, Sext and/or Hu antigens, and several Caucasian donors, including pooled fetal red cells, were studied. Using agglutination inhibition assays with GP fractions, GP fragments and chemically modified GPs as well as trypsin treatment of intact red cells, the antigens defined by anti-M1, anti-M+M1, anti-Can and anti-Tm sera were found to be located on the N-terminal tryptic peptide (T2, residues 1-31) of the major GP (GP A = MN sialoglycoprotein). Evidence was obtained that the N-terminal amino-acid residue, NeuNAc and/or (a) different sugar residue(s) are involved in the antigens. Amino-acid sequence and composition analyses excluded an amino-acid exchange within the N-terminal region (residues 1-31) of GP A. Carbohydrate analyses revealed the attachment of GlcNAc residues (up to about five, dependent on the strength of the above-mentioned antigens) to O-glycosidically linked oligosaccharides within the N-terminal portion (residues 1-31) of GP A. As judged from the carbohydrate compositions of peptides, the alteration of the O-glycosidic oligosaccharides is associated with a slight increase of the Gal and Fuc contents and a slight decrease of the NeuNAc level. Analyses of small, secondary cyanogen bromide and V8 proteinase peptides from the N-terminal region of GP A from Blacks, Caucasians and Caucasian fetal cells suggest that the variable attachment of small quantities of GlcNAc (about 0.03 to about 0.2 residues per peptide molecule) accounts, at least in part, for the polymorphisms detected by anti-Can and the original anti-Tm (serum Sheerin). Remarkably, the GlcNAc-containing O-glycosidic oligosaccharides occur only in small quantities, or not all at, within the positions 32-61 of GP A and the glycosylated domains of GP B and GP C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Acetylglucosamine↗
PubMed1990

Tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate enemas in the treatment of ulcerative proctitis.

Eleven patients with active proctitis or proctosigmoiditis completed one month's treatment with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate enemas administered at night. Symptoms, sigmoidoscopic appearances, and the histological grade of acute inflammation were assessed at the commencement of therapy and after one month. An overall score of these features showed improvement in 9 of 11 patients, which encourages further investigation of bismuth in controlled trials for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Early post-irradiation bowel obstruction managed by longitudinal serotomy.

Small bowel obstruction is an uncommon complication that can occur within weeks of pelvic radiotherapy. Probably due to acute inflammation and oedema of the bowel wall, it settles with conservative management. An instance of complete small bowel obstruction occurring 3 months after completion of pelvic radiotherapy is reported. The obstruction failed to resolve; careful longitudinal serotomy allowed the kinking in the bowel to be straightened and, at 1 year follow-up, there were no symptoms of recurrence.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Fibroadenoma of the breast: a follow-up of conservative management.

This report details the outcome after clinical diagnosis of mammary fibroadenoma in 110 women aged under 35 years. After fine needle aspiration cytology, and subsequent exclusions and failures of follow-up, 92 lesions were observed for a mean of 47 weeks (range 13-90 weeks), with regular measurements until removal of persisting lesions at 12 months. Fifteen lesions disappeared and 56 had the classical histology of fibroadenoma, mean size 2.5 cm; 30 of the latter continued to grow throughout the study. Cytology is essential to exclude malignancy if conservative treatment is considered, and is helpful in identifying a benign lesion. A period longer than 12 months may be required for resolution of a fibroadenoma and removal under local anaesthesia as a day case offers a simple alternative.

Adenofibroma↗
PubMed1989

Delayed intraperitoneal ureteric rupture following blunt abdominal trauma: case report.

Ureteric injury is uncommon and mostly follows penetrating trauma or surgical injury. Ureteric rupture following blunt abdominal trauma is rare, there being only a few reported cases. The case described here, in which blunt abdominal trauma resulted in delayed intraperitoneal rupture, appears to be the first report of this type of injury in blunt trauma.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1989

Generalized peritonitis due to spontaneous rupture of pyometra.

Spontaneous rupture of pyometra is a rare cause of generalized peritonitis. Only a few cases have been recorded in the English medical literature, most of which were associated with gynaecological malignancy. We have recently treated a patient with generalized peritonitis due to ruptured pyometra, in which there was no evidence of malignancy or other cervical disease. From comparison with the other published case reports, several features deserve emphasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Acute solitary diverticulitis of the transverse colon in a child. Report of a case.

Solitary colonic diverticula are rare. Most have been described in the cecum or ascending colon. Solitary diverticula of the transverse colon are extremely rare, and there are only a few reports in the English medical literature, all occurring in adulthood. This paper reports the case of a 13-year-old girl with a solitary, true diverticulum of the transverse colon, presenting as acute diverticulitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

Peripherally acting enkephalin analogues. 1. Polar pentapeptides.

The design, synthesis, and biological activity of a series of highly polar enkephalin-related pentapeptides are reported. These analogues incorporate structural features that exclude them from the central nervous system and thereby restrict their action to peripherally located receptors. Hydrophilic analogues were obtained by introduction of polar D-amino acid residues at position 2 and, in certain cases, by conversion of the N-terminal amino group of the Tyr residue to a guanidino function. The peptides were synthesized by classical solution methods. All compounds demonstrated in vitro opioid activity in the GPI and all were shown to possess antinociceptive activity in chemically induced writhing models. The analgesic effects were shown to be predominantly peripherally mediated by antagonism of antinociception with the peripheral antagonist N-methylnalorphine. Comparative data obtained in writhing and hot-plate tests were also supportive of a peripheral mode of action. Compound 13a, L-tyrosyl-D-arginylglycyl-L-4-nitrophenylalanyl-L-prolinamide (BW 443C), was identified as having a favorable pharmacological profile, indicating a high level of peripheral selectivity, and worthy of further investigation.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1987

In vitro generation of tumour-specific lymphocyte reactivity to colonic carcinoma cells. Comparison with normal colonic mucosa cells.

Purified tumour cells and normal mucosa cells from fresh human colorectal cancer resection specimens, and T-cell-enriched autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, were mixed in short-term (6 day) mixed lymphocyte-tumour cell (MLTC) microcultures. Lymphocyte stimulation was measured by 3H-thymidine uptake, and a stimulation index (SI = [lymphocytes vs tumour cells (cpm)-tumour cells (cpm)]/[lymphocytes (cpm)] greater than 3 was regarded as significant. Significant lymphocyte reactivity was found in 10/15 patients with colon carcinoma. However, 1 patient with autologous tumour reactivity, also showed significant stimulation against autologous normal mucosa cells, suggesting tumour-associated reactivity. Maximum stimulation occurred most frequently at a lymphocyte:tumour cell ratio of 2:1 and with nylon wool-passaged lymphocytes.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Granulomatous lobular mastitis.

The clinical and pathological features of nine cases of granulomatous mastitis were compared with those of 10 cases of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis (DE/PM), all of which were associated with active granulomatous inflammation. Granulomatous mastitis affects a younger age group, and although there is some overlap with DE/PM, it has distinctive pathological features, particularly a lobule centred distribution, for which the term "granulomatous lobular mastitis" is recommended. There is a strong tendency for persistence or recurrence. Our cases of granulomatous mastitis all occurred in parous women, five of them within three years of pregnancy. Awareness of this condition is important, because surgery does not offer the best treatment of recurrent disease, and trials of adequate drug treatment, including corticosteroids, are required.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Effect of a blood transfusion protocol and low dose steroid regime on renal transplant survival.

The effects of introduction of a low steroid regime and pre-transplant blood transfusion were evaluated. The kidney and patient survival rates for the period before such a policy was adopted were compared with the period after this policy. There has been a highly significant rise in patient survival rates to the present level of 95 per cent at three years. There was a similar rise in three year graft survival rates from less than 40 per cent to 66 per cent.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

High frequency antigens of human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins, III. Studies on the EnaFR, Wrb and Wra antigens.

The nature of the common erythrocyte antigens EnaFR and Wrb, that are both absent from En(a-) cells, and the rare Wra receptor, apparently encoded by an allele of Wrb, was investigated. Various modification, fractionation or cleavage products of erythrocyte membranes were used in hemagglutination inhibition assays. The EnaFR and Wrb antigens were shown to represent labile structures within the residues approx. 62-72 of the major (MN) sialoglycoprotein that require lipids, at least for complete expression of antigenic activity. During the course of these experiments, the arrangement of the MN glycoprotein's peptide chain with respect to the lipid bi-layer was also studied, using various proteinases. Furthermore, the MN glycoprotein was found to aggregate with the major membrane protein (band 3) in the presence of Triton X-100. The Wra antigen was shown to exhibit properties that differ considerably from those of the Wrb receptor. Analyses on the MN glycoprotein, isolated from the red cells of the only known Wra homozygote and two WraWrb individuals, did not reveal any amino-acid exchange within the residues 40-96 of the molecule. Therefore, the Wr locus that determines the presence or absence of the Wrb antigen on the MN glycoprotein might influence the post-translational modification of amino-acid residues, the structure of tightly bound lipids or the aggregation of the MN glycoprotein with a different protein such as band 3.

Blood Group Antigens↗