[Splenic surgery in China: fifty-year progress].
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China↗
Biomedical subjects
S Xia
Publications and source records attributed to S Xia.
Effect of exogenous electron donors and water-soluble polymers on the propene-epoxidizing activity of Methylomonas Z201 cells.
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Alkenes↗
No evidence for interleukin-4 gene conferring susceptibility to myasthenia gravis.
A variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and a dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in IL-4 gene were examined in Swedish myasthenia gravis (MG) patients and ethnically matched healthy individuals. There were no associations between these polymorphisms and MG patients as a whole group or stratified by clinical and pathological parameters and genetic markers in MHC gene (TNF-alpha NcoI allele 2) and IL-1 gene (IL-1beta TaqI allele 2). This lack of association between the IL-4 gene and disease contrasts to our previous results showing that MG is associated with higher secretor phenotypes of two prototype proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha and IL-1) genes.
Adult↗
New wiggler beamlines at BSRF.
A new multipole wiggler has been installed in the ring of the Beijing Electron Positron Collider (BEPC), and two new beamlines were extracted from it for experiments, including LIGA, microprobe fluorescence analysis, high-pressure diffraction and soft X-ray research. The beam profile and photon intensity were measured and compared with the calculated values. The main parameters and characteristics of the two beamlines are illustrated. Some experimental results are presented.
Journal Article↗
Conditioned visual flight orientation in Drosophila melanogaster abolished by benzaldehyde.
To study learning and memory of Drosophila melanogaster in the flight simulator, single flies are trained in an operant conditioning paradigm to avoid a course towards visual objects that are associated with heat. The results demonstrate that normal flies (wild-type "Berlin") can quickly learn to avoid the heat-associated objects and retain the memory. This allows us to further explore a recently communicated long-term effect of preimaginal benzaldehyde (BAL) influence on the association of visual objects with the aversive odor of BAL. Here we show that flies, exposed to BAL in the embryonic, larval or adult stage, do not accompany by a similar indifference to heat shocks. The flies are successfully trained to avoid the heat-associated visual patterns. It shows that the learning acquisition is not affected during the operant conditioning in the flight simulator. Neither object perception nor object discrimination is altered after exposure to BAL, as is shown by Fourier analysis. However, the test results after training show that exposure to BAL interferes directly with memory formation in Drosophila. It takes at least two generations of growth on the noncontaminated medium that the strain recovers fully from BAL-induced amnesia. The BAL treatment seems not only to affect the associative memory formation, but in addition the flies' development in general, as is indicated by prolonged developmental time. However, the impaired memory after BAL treatment in different stages seems to have nothing to do with an influence of BAL on the cAMP-level.
Adaptation, Physiological↗
Immunoreactivity of adventitial matrix fibrils of normal and aneurysmal abdominal aorta with antibodies against vitronectin and fibrinogen.
PURPOSE: We have reported that immunoglobulin G (IgG) harvested from specimens of aneurysmal abdominal aorta (AAA) is immunoreactive with a fibrillar component of the matrix of the aortic adventitia. In further studies we have reported the partial amino acid sequence of a 40-kDa protein, purified from the adventitia of the human aorta, which we have called aortic aneurysm antigenic protein-40 kDa (AAAP-40). AAAP-40 has homologies with bovine microfibril-associated glycoprotein-36 kDa (MAGP-36). Both AAAP-40 and MAGP-36 have homologies to fibrinogen beta (FB-b) and vitronectin (VN). The purposes of the present experiments were (1) to determine whether antibodies against VN and fibrinogen are immunoreactive with elements of the normal and/or aneurysmal aortic wall, and (2) to determine whether these antibodies are immunoreactive with soluble extracts of aortic proteins. METHODS: Paraffin-embedded tissue sections of normal and aneurysmal aorta were probed with polyclonal rabbit antihuman VN and antihuman FB-b antibodies. Immunoblots of soluble aortic proteins were evaluated with the same antibodies. Histochemical preparations with Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin and elastin-von-Gieson solutions were also performed. RESULTS: Anti-VN and FB-b antibodies reacted with matrix fibrils in the aortic adventitia in both normal and aneurysmal specimens, with a distribution that resembles the appearance of fibrils that are stained by Gomori's reaction. By comparison to normal adventitial fibrils, fibrils in the specimens from AAA appeared fragmented, coiled, and frayed. Antibodies against VN and FB-b were immunoreactive in immunoblots with a soluble aortic protein of molecular weight approximately 40 kDa, consistent with the migration of AAAP-40. CONCLUSIONS: There appear to be immunodeterminants in AAAP-40 that are recognized by polyclonal antibodies against VN and FB-b.
Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗
Clinical epidemiologic characteristics of 430 cases of gallbladder cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To make clear the incidence, clinical characteristics and possible regional difference of gallbladder cancer in China. METHODS: A total of 430 cases of gallbladder cancer from 28 hospitals between 1986-1996 were reviewed, according to a standard protocol called "the clinical epidemiological list of gallbladder cancer". RESULTS: The incidence of gallbladder cancer was higher in the females than in the males. There was significant difference in the incidence between the north and south of China, and between the mountain area and flatlands. Gallbladder cancer accounted for 1.6% of bile tract disease in the same period. Gallstones were found in about 50% of the cases of gallbladder cancer. The clinical symptoms included abdominal pain, ictus, etc. The major pathohistologic type was adenocarcinoma, and 58% of tumors were localized in the whole gallbladder. Metastasis occurred mainly along the biliary tract or directly to the bed of gallbladder and liver. Ultrasonography and CT were useful to diagnosis. The positive imaging diagnostic rate was higher in 1991-1996 than in 1986-1990 P < 0.05) [corrected]. The rate of operative resection was 100% for stage I and II disease, 75% for stage III and IV, and significantly lower for stage V (P < 0.05). The 3-year survival rate in patients with stage I or II disease was significantly higher than that in those with terminal cancer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There is specific populational, time and regional difference in the distribution of gallbladder cancer. Ultrasonography and CT are the most important diagnostic methods. Early diagnosis and early radical resection are the key to increasing the 5-year survival rate.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Injury of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in isolated liver perfusion model for regional chemotherapy in rats.
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6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
[Preserving remnant liver function after major hepatic vein occlusion].
OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of the remained hepatic lobe after major hepatic vein (MHV) occlusion. METHOD: Seventy-eight rats were randomly divided into the control group, the ligation group of segmental hepatic vein, the stricture group of left MHV, and the ligation group of left MHV. The pathology, hepatic microcirculation and hemodynamic changes of the involved hepatic lobe of MHV occlusion were dynamically determined. RESULT: Necrosis occurred in the hepatocytes at the first postoperative day in the ligation group of MHV. Extensive collaterals between the hepatic veins and the portal veins appeared in the periphery of involved liver lobe in the stricture group of MHV. The levels of endotoxin and TXB(2)/6-Keto-PGF1alpha in the blood of portal vein obviously increased in the ligation group of MHV and also increased in the stricture group of MHV. The levels of endotoxin and TXB(2)/6-Keto-PGF1alpha in the blood of portal vein in the ligation and stricture group of MHV were apparently higher than those in the ligation group of segmental hepatic vein and in the control group. CONCLUSION: The involved liver tissue can not tolerate complete MHV occlusion. The hepatic tissue lacking of MHV drain not only loss its function, but also cause endotoxemia and disorder of hepatic microcirculation. The involved hepatic lobe after the MHV ligation should have been resected at the same time.
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
[Growth of Methylomonas Z201 cells and production of epoxypropane in monophasic and biphasic fermentation systems].
The growth of Methylomonas Z201 cells and production of epoxypropane in mono- and biphasic fermentation systems were studied. In monophasic fermentation systems, the inhibitions of propene and epoxypropane on the growth of Methylomonas Z201 cells were observed and the concentration of epoxypropane reached 1.3 mmol/L. In biphasic fermentation systems, hexadecane acted as the "reservoir" of growth substrate (methane) and reactants (propene, molecular oxygen), the decrease of propene and epoxypropane in aqueous phase reduced the inhibition effect of propene and epoxypropane on the growth of cells, the concentrations of epoxypropane in both water phase and hexadecane phase reached 1.7 mmol/L and 2.6 mmol/L. In both monophasic and biphasic fermentation systems, the operational stability of cells was enhanced compared to that of resting cells.
Alkenes↗
Expression of two novel recombinant proteins from aortic adventitia (kappafibs) sharing amino acid sequences with cytomegalovirus.
We have recently purified and partially sequenced a microfibrillar protein from human aortic adventitia (aneurysm-associated antigenic protein, 40 kDa [AAAP-40]) that is immunoreactive with immunoglobulin (IgG) from the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). It shares motifs with Ig kappa (which may act as a binding site for interaction with integrins), cytomegalovirus (which may be a molecular mimic in the pathogenesis of AAA), and vitronectin and the fibrinogens. A cDNA library was constructed from the aortic adventitia of a AAA. The library was screened with either rabbit anti-vitronectin antibody or rabbit anti-fibrinogen antibody. Positive plaques were purified and expressed in a strain of Escherichia coli. The clone sequences were analyzed. The expressed proteins were separated by SDS/PAGE and the immunoblots were probed with either AAA IgG or anti-human Ig kappa antibody. Experimental cell lines, transfected with the clones (clones 1 and 5), synthesized recombinant proteins (rAAAP-CL1 and rAAAP-CL5), detectable in Western immunoblots with AAA IgG. A prediction of the tertiary structure resembles well-characterized cell adhesion molecules. These findings suggest that there is a novel family of matrix proteins that may use immunoglobulin motifs as binding sites for cellular integrins and that there are matrix proteins in addition to AAAP-40 that may serve as autoantigens in the pathogenesis of AAA disease.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
Drug disruption of short-term memory in Drosophila melanogaster.
Recent work on operant visual learning and memory in Drosophila has suggested at least three distinct memory phases. Trying to disrupt memory pharmacologically, we fed flies with ouabain or the depolarizing drugs potassium chloride (KCl), lithium chloride (LiCl) and monosodium glutamate for some specific time before training. The depolarizing drugs abolished memory very soon after training. Ouabain exerted no effect on memory within the first 20 min but abolished it more than 30 min after training. These drugs had no diminishing effects on the visual discrimination and behavioral performance of the flies during training. This result suggests that memory disruption may not be induced by nonspecific effects of the drugs. In addition, reversal training of the KCl-fed flies indicates that KCl appears not to impair the retrieval mechanism of flies. These results suggest that the specific disruptive effects of the drugs on memory formation and the existence of a short-term memory phase, are susceptible to disruption of the depolarizing drugs but unaffected by ouabain.
Animals↗
Molecular cloning of the complementary DNA for an additional member of the family of aortic aneurysm antigenic proteins.
PURPOSE: We have purified and partially sequenced a protein from the adventitia of the human aorta (aortic aneurysm antigenic protein 40 kDa; AAAP-40) that has homologies to bovine aortic microfibril-associated glycoprotein (MAGP-36). It is immunoreactive with immunoglobulin G (IgGs) purified from the serum and aortic wall of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. AAAP-40 and MAGP-36 have fibrinogen-like and vitronectin-like motifs. Screening an expression library constructed from human aortic adventitial messenger RNA has resulted in the cloning of three complementary DNAs whose gene products are immunoreactive with immunoglobulin G from patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Two strongly resemble each other and have been described separately. The purpose of this article is to report the third clone. METHODS: Messenger RNA from a specimen of human aortic aneurysmal adventitia was reverse-transcribed for insertion into the phagemid Uni Zap XR (Stratagene). A strain of Escherichia coli, engineered for expression (XL 1-Blue MFR', Stratagene), was transfected, and rabbit antihuman vitronectin antibody as used to identify positive clones. Sequencing of the positive clones was performed by the Core Laboratories at Columbia University. RESULTS: The hypothetical protein of rAAAP-CL4 (clone 4) shares sequence motifs with known microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGPs). The recombinant protein (rAAAP-CL4) is immunoreactive with serum from patients (three of four abdominal aortic aneurysm sera). In addition, similarities have been detected with immunoglobulins of the kappa family and with a protein from cytomegalovirus that is a potential molecular mimic. CONCLUSIONS: There may several members of a novel family of human aortic autoantigenic proteins implicated in abdominal aortic aneurysm disease.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
A multicentre prospective study of prostatic volume in asymptomatic men in various continents.
Objective: To compare prostatic volumes in asymptomatic Asian men with similar controls in Europe. Patients and methods: Six centres (Beijing, Hong Kong, Jinan, Lisbon, Palermo and Stirling) independently selected asymptomatic men aged 55 y or more for assessment of prostatic volume using transrectal ultrasound (total=320 men) between 1992 and 1993. Results: Prostatic volumes in asymptomatic men were greater in Beijing than Hong Kong, Stirling and Palermo (P<0.05) and were smaller in Stirling than Beijing and Jinan (P<0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that men from Stirling are less likely to have large prostates, but there is no evidence that men from any of the six cities are more likely to have small prostates. This small series may suggest that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is as common in China as in European cities. The differences may be due to some cities (Beijing, Jinan and Lisbon) having a greater proportion of high values, perhaps suggesting looser selection criteria. This may indicate an abandonment of traditional Asian foods with their presumptive beneficial effect in favour of a Western dietary style.
Journal Article↗
[Diagnosis and treatment of hepatic tuberculoma].
OBJECTIVE: To explore the appropriate diagnosis and treatment for hepatic tuberculoma. METHOD: Eight cases with hepatic tuberculoma confirmed pathologically were reported and analyzed. RESULTS: Five of the eight cases were misdiagnosed as other types of hepatic tumor, and only 3 cases correctly diagnosed preoperatively. All cases underwent segmentectomy or local resection, and no relapse was found after four-year follow-up in seven cases. CONCLUSIONS: The cases with hepatic occupying-space lesions who had tuberculosis history should be suspected of being hepatic tuberculoma; The aspiration liver biopsy guided by B-mode ultrasound and CT scan can provide correct diagnosis; The segmentectomy and local resection are effective and practicable for treatment of hepatic tuberculoma, and the antituberculosis drugs should be administrated postoperatively so as to strengthen the therapeutic effect.
Adult↗
[Augmentation mammaplasty through the external oblique muscle route].
To reduce the rate of capsule contracture after implantation of the breast prosthesis, augmentation mammaplasty through an inframammary incision and the external oblique muscle has been performed in 96 cases since 1990. In 67 of 72 cases (93%), the cosmetic results are satisfactory with a natural contour and softness of the breast during the follow-up of more than 6 months. The capsule contracture rate is 2.8 percent. The advantage of the approach is the muscular coverage of almost the total surface of the implant that contributes to the excellent result and a low capsule contracture rate. This procedure can overcome the disadvantages of the transaxillary augmentation procedure, which is usually difficult in dissecting the origin of the pectoralis muscle at the sixth rib. This technique can also make the inframammary crease lower and improve moderate ptosis of the breast.
Adult↗
[A study on immune efficacy in children immunized by hepatitis B vaccine in disease surveillance points of Fujian].
A survey was carried out for immune effect among 1-9 years old children who had been immunized with Hepatitis B vaccine from normal population in the disease surveillance points in Fujian province. According to the unified programme of the national hepatitis sero-epidemiological survey, 758 children were investigated. The samples were tested by RIA kit. The results showed as follows. Compared with the HBsAg positive rate (23.16%) among the nonvaccinated children, the HBsAg positive rate among the vaccinated children was declined to 4.79%, and the effectiveness was 79.23%. Anti-HBs positive conversion rate (S/N > or = 2.1) was from 89.29% at the 1st year to 66.67% at the 6th year of vaccination. The results indicate that the Hepatitis B vaccination possesses a good protective efficacy.
Child↗
Three-dimensional modeling and molecular evolution of Matrix Cell Adhesion Molecule #2: MAT-CAM 2.
Our research group has recently reported the partial amino acid sequence of an aortic adventitial collagen-associated fibrillar protein, which may be the target of an autoimmune response in patients with abdommal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Its apparent molecular weight is approximately 40 kDa, so we have named it aneurysm-associated antigenic protein-40 kDa (AAAP-40). It has similarities to microfibril-associated glycoprotein-36 kDa (MAGP-36), which was reported by Kobayashi et al. to have a tissue distribution limited to the aorta in pig; unlike other microfibrillar proteins which appear to distribute ubiquitously throughout the body with elastin. Accordingly, if AAAP-40 is the human homolog of MAGP-36, it would explain how an autoimmune reaction against this protein might have consequences more or less limited to the aorta and its branches.
Journal Article↗