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Biomedical subjects

S Y Liu

Publications and source records attributed to S Y Liu.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[The effects of Salvia miltiorrhizae Bge and Ligustrazine on thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin in pregnancy induced hypertension].

The clinical efficiency and mechanism of traditional Chinese medicinal herb Salvia Miltiorrhizae Bge (SMB) and Ligustrazine (L) on pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) were studied in 30 patients. Before and after the administration of SMB and L, the following parameters: mean arterial pressure (MAP), proteinuria, levels of Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and Prostacyclin (PGI2) were observed. TXA2 and PGI2 were measured by their stable hydration products Thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) by an established radioimmunoassay. The results of treatment were compared with the base line values and showed as follows: MAP and proteinuria decreased significantly (P < 0.05); no marked difference existed in TXB2; the level of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha increased significantly (P < 0.05); the rate of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The results suggested that SMB and L can invigorate blood circulation by decreasing vasoconstriction.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Histopathologic and ultrastructural studies of the iris in acute angle-closure glaucoma].

By light and transmission electron microscopy, iris specimens from 40 eyes of 24 patients with acute angle-closure glaucoma were investigated and compared with those of healthy eyes in the same patients. During an acute attack, the anterior border layer of the iris became thickened, and stromal cells and collagen fibrils greatly proliferated. The endothelial cells swelled and muscle fibers showed vacuolization, depigmentation or atrophy. During the stage of remission, the iris was structurally disrupted and the stromal cells degenerated markedly. In the absolute stage, the stromal cells were atrophic and the fibers resolved, while the mast cells increased in large numbers. The significance of these findings were discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Use of polymerase chain reaction with L1 consensus primer for detection of HPV16 and HPV18 in cervical cancer tissues].

Biopsy materials of cervical carcinoma including 20 cervical adenocarcinomas and 20 squamous cell carcinomas were collected. A rapid method for determining HPV type was developed, based on DdeI restriction enzymes analysis within the L1 region of HPV, amplified by PCR using consensus primers. The results indicated that HPV type 16 was detected more often in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas (80% vs 15%, P < 0.001), conversely, HPV type 18 was detected significantly more often in adenocarcinoma tissues (45% vs 5%, P < 0.001). These differences may reflect the presence of different virus receptors in cancer cells with different morphologic potential, or, they may indicate that the specific HPV infection actually plays a direct role in the process of carcinogenesis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1994

[Injection of 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of tubal pregnancy through salpingo-catheter under hysteroscopy].

Seventeen women with unruptured tubal pregnancy were given 5-FU through salpingo-catheter under hysteroscopy. In one case the injection failed because the tube opening could not be found. The success rate of salpingo-catheterization was 94.12% (16/17). The cure rate for the tubal pregnancies was 88.24% (15/17). 12 cases received injection once and 3 cases twice. The dose of 5-FU per injection was 250 mg in 10 ml solution. Serum beta-hCG test became negative in 7 to 14 days after the treatment, and signs and symptoms disappeared. Salpingography were done in 8 cases after 2 to 3 months, and all the diseased tubes were found patient. There was little side effects due to this treatment, which is more effective, convenient and less traumatic than injecting 5-FU to the affected site through laparoscopy or systemic administration. It may turn out to be an effective, simple, safe and acceptable new method for treating early tubal pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Results of surgical treatment of recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas].

Thirty patients with locally recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas, whose primary tumors had been previously resected, were surgically treated. Complete resection was achieved in 18 patients (60%), of which 6 underwent en bloc resection of adjacent organs involved by the tumor. The overall 3- and 5-year survival rate for all patients was 39% and 14%, respectively. Survival at 3 and 5 years was 49% and 24% respectively for those undergoing complete resection, compared to 25% and 0% respectively for those undergoing partial resection or biopsy only (P < 0.005). An aggressive surgery aimed at complete resection. in treating recurrent retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcomas is strongly recommended. Prognostic value and clinical significance of factors such as disease-free interval, tumor size, and histologic type were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[Studies on the isolation of endogenous sleep factors from Tupaia Belangeri Chinensis (TBC) after sleep deprivation].

The present study was undertaken to explore endogenous sleep factors isolated from 48-72 h sleep deprived (SD) male Tupaia belangeri chinensis (TBC). Only drink ad libitum (10% glucose) was available within 24 h before collection of urine. Controlled "clean" urinary samples were pooled and stored at 20 C. Fraction I-V from the urine were determined after ultrafiltration and Sephadex-G15. Amino-acid analysis of each fraction was automatically done by a 835 Amino-acid Analyzer, respectively. Bioassay was performed in 40 adult rabbits weighing 2.5-3.5 kg of either sex. Experiments were undertaken via the mesodiencephalic intraventricular infusion. Results show that S2C (Fraction-III) (50 micrograms/rabbit, i.c.v.) exhibited significant delta-enhancing effect compared to the controls. Further purification was done with Sephadex G-25 and Sephadex LH-20. The more purified S4B (50 micrograms/rabbit, i.c.v.) also exhibited significant delta-enhancing effect compared to the controls. The amino-acid analysis of Fraction-III revealed that the compositional contents of S2C and S4B are different from what have been known with Factor S, DSIP and SPS.

Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine↗
PubMed1993

Effects of selenium supplement on the de novo biosynthesis of glycerolipids in the isolated rat heart.

The effect of selenium supplement on glycerolipid biosynthesis in the isolated rat heart was investigated. Selenium was administered to the rat by intraperitoneal injection of 4.33 mumol/kg per day for 3 consecutive days. Animals administered with an equal volume of saline were used as controls. Hearts from both animal groups were perfused in Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing labelled glycerol. Subsequent to perfusion, the radioactivity associated with each glycerolipid group was determined. Selenium supplement caused elevations in the labelling of phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine but not in other phospholipids, diacylglycerol or triacylglycerol. The mechanisms for the enhancement of labelling into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylcholine were examined. The activity of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis of phosphatidic acid in the rat heart was not changed by selenium supplement. However, a 51% increase in the acyl-CoA level was detected which might account for the elevated labelling of phosphatidic acid in the selenium supplemented animal. The 2-fold increase in the activity of CDPcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase might also account for the increase in the labelling of phosphatidylcholine in the heart of the selenium-supplemented rat. It is clear from this study that selenium plays a regulatory role in the control of cellular lipid metabolism.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Tissue oxygenation in hypovolemic shock.

Bowel mucosal ischemia may be related to the development of systemic sepsis. Traditional indices of oxygen metabolism are flow-weighted averages which do not reflect tissue-specific oxygen concentration. We undertook this study to examine the relationship between systemic oxygen delivery (DO2) and tissue oxygen tension (TPO2) in hypovolemic shock. A modified Wiggers model was used to produce hypotension in five swine. TPO2 was measured continuously with fluorescence-quenching 1-mm probes placed in the submucosa of the terminal ileum and subcutaneously in an axillary fold. Shock was maintained for 1 hr, followed by resuscitation. Cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases were measured every 15 min. Data were analyzed by nonparametric ANOVA and rank coefficients, with logarithmic curve fitting and linear regression. DO2 decreased with phlebotomy (P < 0.003) as did skin TPO2 (P < 0.001) and bowel TPO2 (P < 0.0004). Skin and bowel TPO2 varied with DO2 and each other (P < 0.05). TPO2 remained low throughout the shock period and returned to or exceeded baseline levels with resuscitation (P < 0.05). The following were concluded: (1) Hypovolemic shock produces a significant and rapid decrease in subcutaneous and bowel TPO2 with concomitant change in DO2. (2) The degree of bowel ischemia, clinically inaccessible for quantitation, is paralleled by subcutaneous TPO2. (3) TPO2 provides information about oxygen availability in shock and resuscitation not available from traditional parameters of oxygen transport.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

In vitro and in vivo evaluations of Chinese traditional (kampo) medicines as anticalculus agents in the rat.

Inhibitory effects of two Chinese traditional (Kampo) medicines, Shigyaku-san and Shikunshi-to, on the in vitro formation of calcium phosphate precipitates and the in vivo deposition of supragingival dental calculus were studied. Both had inhibitory effects on hydroxyapatite transformation and induction; effects of Shigyaku-san and Shikunshi-to were 1/100 and 1/400 of that of 1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP). When used topically (in drinking water) for 4 weeks, 20-40 mg/ml of Shigyaku-san or Shikunshi-to reduced the formation of dental calculus by 40-60%, while 0.03% (w/v) HEBP decreased it by 70-98%. However, when these drugs were given by gastric intubation for 2 weeks, they were all ineffective, suggesting that the observed anticalculus effects were of topical rather than of systemic origin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1993

Inhibition of the formation of oral calcium phosphate precipitates: beneficial effects of Chinese traditional (kampo) medicines.

Screening tests on the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates using 23 different kinds of Kampo medicines (Chinese traditional medicines) were carried out, at concentrations where the effects of chelation are not significant. Four of them, Hochu-ekki-to (TJ-41), Kyuki-kyogai-to (TJ-77), Oren-to (TJ-120) and Inchin-ko-to (TJ-135) showed an inhibitory effect on the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). The inhibitory effect on the induction time and the rate of transformation to hydroxyapatite (HAP) varied greatly among the 23 Kampo medicines. We classified them according to their effects on increasing the induction time and/or decreasing the rate of HAP transformation. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) was used as the standard. This compound is a common toothpaste additive which decreases dental calculus formation. Two of the 23 Kampo medicines showed little or no inhibition either on the induction time or on the rate of HAP transformation. Twelve of them reduced the rate of HAP transformation by 20-40% and with 1.9- to 4.0-fold increases in the induction time. The remaining nine showed even greater activity. Keishi-ninjin-to (TJ-82), Dai-kenchu-to (TJ-100), Toki-to (TJ-102), Rikko-san (TJ-110) and San'o-shashin-to (TJ-113) showed the same inhibitory effect as EHDP. Shigyaku-san (TJ-35;5.2-fold), Dai-kanzo-to (TJ-84;4.9-fold), Oren-gedoku-to (TJ-15;12.7-fold) and Inchin-ko-to (TJ-135;9.5-fold) had a greater effect on the increase of induction time than EHDP and reduced the rate of HAP transformation by 50-60%. These results suggest that these nine kinds of Kampo medicines may have potential as anticalculus agents in toothpastes and mouthwashes.

Calcium↗
PubMed1993

Helium insufflation for laparoscopic operation.

Laparoscopic surgical procedures are becoming simultaneously more commonplace and complex. However, carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum required for these procedures causes a respiratory acidosis. We undertook this study to determine if an alternate insufflating gas, such as helium, prevents this sequelae. Twenty patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomized to receive either CO2 or helium insufflation. Intraoperative parameters, including arterial CO2 (PaCO2), end-tidal CO2, pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-), cardiac output and blood pressure were obtained before, during and at the conclusion of pneumoperitoneum. Effects of the two gases on these variables were compared. The average CO2 rose significantly from 35.7 +/- 1.0 to 50.4 +/- 3.2 (p < 0.0001), while pH decreased from 7.434 +/- 0.014 to 7.286 +/- 0.018 (p < 0.0001) in those who received CO2. No change in PaCO2 was observed in those who received He, although a small decrease in pH from 7.428 +/- 0.011 to 7.392 +/- 0.012 (p < 0.05) was observed. HCO3- decreased slightly in both groups. Increases in blood pressure and pulse rate were independent of the gas received. The cardiac output did not change. Helium insufflation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy does not produce the respiratory acidosis caused by CO2 and, therefore, merits further investigation for use, particularly in patients with underlying respiratory disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Isolation and identification of yibeinoside B].

A new C-nor-D-homosteroidal alkaloid named Yibeinoside B was isolated from the bulb of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk by column chromatographic techniques. The structure has been determined based on spectral and chemical data.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1993

Comparative cardiopulmonary effects of carbon dioxide versus helium pneumoperitoneum.

The recent surge in enthusiasm for laparoscopic surgery has created concern that abdominal insufflation with carbon dioxide produces a respiratory acidosis. This may be because of both transperitoneal gas absorption and impaired ventilation with increased dead space from elevated intraabdominal pressure. To examine the relative contributions of these factors, we developed an animal model of surgical pneumoperitoneum that evaluated the cardiorespiratory effects of abdominal insufflation. Helium was chosen as an alternative to CO2 because it is both chemically and biologically inert. Carbon dioxide absorption during CO2 pneumoperitoneum caused arterial PCO2 to increase from 41.3 +/- 3.0 to a maximum of 58.3 +/- 4.0 mm Hg, with pH descending from 7.46 +/- 0.02 to a nadir of 7.31 +/- 0.02 (p < 0.05). Pulmonary artery pressure increased to twice baseline levels during CO2 insufflation (p < 0.05). Helium did not cause hypercarbia, acidemia, or pulmonary hypertension despite insufflation under identical conditions. These results indicate that transperitoneal absorption of CO2, not increased dead space, is responsible for the respiratory acidosis observed. Helium merits further study as an agent to induce pneumoperitoneum, especially when concerns of underlying acidosis or impaired gas exchange are present.

Acidosis, Respiratory↗
PubMed1992

Antitumor agents. 134. New shiraiachrome-A- and calphostin-C-related perylene derivatives as cytotoxic and antiviral agents and inhibitors of protein kinase C.

Shiraiachrome-A and -B have been isolated from the mycelium of the Chinese bamboo fungus Shiraia bambusicola as the cytotoxic principles. A series of new perylene derivatives (7-27) related to Shiraiachrome-A and -B as well as Calphostin-C have been synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicity, antiviral activity, and inhibitory activity against protein kinase C. The results indicated that 11 and 12 are potent cytotoxic agents against HCT-8, RPMI-7951, and TE-671 solid tumor cells, whereas 24 and 26 demonstrated strong antiviral activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2. Compound 10 is an inhibitor of protein kinase C.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Antitumor agents. 123. Synthesis and human DNA topoisomerase II inhibitory activity of 2'-chloro derivatives of etoposide and 4 beta-(arylamino)-4'-O-demethylpodophyllotoxins.

The 2'-chloro derivatives of etoposide and 4 beta-(arylamino)-4'-O-demethylpodophyllotoxins have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against the human DNA topoisomerase II as well as for their activity in causing cellular protein-linked DNA breakage. The results showed that none of the compounds are active as a result of the C-2' chloro substitution on ring E. This would suggest that the free rotation of ring E is essential for the aforementioned enzyme inhibitory activity. In addition, these 2'-chloro derivatives showed no significant cytotoxicity (KB).

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1992

Effects of body position and age on membrane diffusing capacity and pulmonary capillary blood volume.

The effects of body position and age on the membrane diffusing capacity (Dm), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), and the single breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (Dco) were evaluated in the erect (sitting) and supine positions in 16 normal young men (under 40 years old, younger group) and in 13 older men (over 40 years old, older group). Dm and Vc were estimated by several measurements of the Dco at increasing alveolar oxygen tension (PAO2). The results showed that Dco, Dm, Vc, and Kco (Dco corrected by alveolar volume) decreased with age in both positions. The differences in Dco, VC, and Kco between the two positions (supine minus the erect position) also decreased with age. The mechanisms of the increases in Dco in the supine position remain to be explained but may be due to a change in pulmonary capillary shape from an elliptical (erect position) to a circular configuration (supine position) since Vc increased more than Dm on assuming the supine position. The findings may be of clinical importance since many physicians have attempted to utilize a reduction in the positional change in Dco as a potential marker of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Accuracy of capnography in nonintubated surgical patients.

Previous studies have reported mixed results when correlating etCO2 and PaCO2 in mechanically ventilated patients with underlying respiratory disease. However, the utility and accuracy of capnography in nonintubated patients, without chronic pulmonary disease, has received little attention. We studied 25 nonintubated surgical patients to (1) examine the correlation between PaCO2 and etCO2 and (2) describe the relationship between dead space (VD/VT), venous admixture and P(a-et)CO2. End tidal CO2 was lower than PaCO2 by an average of 3.6 mm Hg. Regression analysis found a close correlation between dead space and the P(a-et)CO2 gradient (r = 0.77, p < 0.001), while venous admixture was of lesser importance (r = 0.47). Capnographic estimates of PaCO2 can be useful for continuously monitoring the respiratory status of nonintubated spontaneously breathing patients weaned from mechanical ventilation. This may be of particular value in trauma victims and in selected surgical patients without underlying respiratory disease in whom other injuries require continued critical care.

Adolescent↗