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S Yalla

Publications and source records attributed to S Yalla.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Prostate atrophy and spinal cord lesions.

STUDY DESIGN: A single blinded, quantifiable survey of prostate size in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. OBJECTIVE: A small prostate gland is sometimes found on routine digital rectal examination (DRE) in SCI patients. Interruption of neurohormonal supply to the prostate gland might lead to atrophy. To test this interpretation, transrectal ultrasonic (TRUS) examinations have been carried out in SCI patients stratified by severity of paralysis. SUBJECTS: Nine severely paralyzed spinal cord-injured men (levels at T10 or above and ASIA A, B, or C) were compared with 12 less severely paralyzed men (levels lower than T10 at any grade or ASIA D at any level). The groups were age matched. METHODS: All patients were examined with a 90 degrees sector TRUS probe that measured the prostate gland in three dimensions and calculated the prostate volume and weight. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were also measured. RESULTS: By TRUS the prostate size was smaller in the severely paralyzed (range 8-16 g, mean 13 g) than in the less severely paralyzed (range 10-70 g, mean 28 g), P=0.02. The PSA level of the severely paralyzed group tended to be lower (0.5-2.1, mean 0.7 ng/ml versus 0.5-10.4, mean 2.2 ng/ml), P=0.08. CONCLUSION: The prostate gland of severely paralyzed SCI patients is small. Interruption of neurohormonal pathways due to extensive cord damage may be a factor.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

Transport defects of rabbit inner medullary collecting duct cells in obstructive nephropathy.

Urinary obstruction markedly reduces collecting duct Na+ reabsorption. To define the cellular mechanisms of this derangement in Na+ reabsorption in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) of obstructed kidneys, suspensions of intact IMCD cells and inner medulla plasma membranes (IMPM) were prepared from 24 h obstructed and untreated control kidneys. Oxygen consumption (QO2) studies revealed marked reductions in both amiloride-sensitive and ouabain-sensitive QO2 but not ouabain-insensitive QO2 in intact IMCD cells from obstructed, compared with control animals, indicating a reduction in oxygen-dependent transport activities of both the Na+ channel and the Na(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase). Amiloride-sensitive conductive 22Na+ uptake in intact IMCD cells from obstructed kidneys was significantly decreased by 45% at 10 s, 30 s, and 1-5 min (10 s: 2.42 +/- 0.63 vs. 4.49 +/- 0.64 nmol Na+ flux/mg protein, n = 7, P < 0.05; 1 min: 4.65 +/- 0.7 vs. 8.27 +/- 0.98 nmol Na+ flux/mg protein, n = 7, P < 0.05), indicating decreased activity of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels in these cells. However, immunoblots of IMPM with antibodies to Na+ channel proteins did not show significant differences in content of Na+ channel proteins between membranes from obstructed and control groups. Ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in IMPM of obstructed kidneys was also reduced (61.1 +/- 18.1 vs. 152.6 +/- 25.8 nmol ATP degradation.min-1.mg protein-1, n = 6, P < 0.02), and immunoblots with monoclonal antibodies against the alpha 1- and beta-subunits of rabbit Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase showed a 51 +/- 7% reduction of both subunits in IMPM from obstructed kidneys (n = 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Transport defects of rabbit medullary thick ascending limb cells in obstructive nephropathy.

To characterize the sodium transport defect responsible for salt wasting in obstructive nephropathy, the major sodium transporters in the medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL), the apical Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and the basolateral Na-K-ATPase, were studied in fresh suspensions of mTAL cells and outer medulla plasma membranes prepared from obstructed and untreated kidneys. Oxygen consumption (QO2) studies in intact cells revealed marked reductions in the inhibitory effects of both furosemide and ouabain on QO2 in cells from obstructed, as compared with control animals, indicating a reduction in activities of both the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and the Na-K-ATPase. Saturable [3H]bumetanide binding was reduced in membranes isolated from obstructed kidneys, but the Kd for [3H]bumetanide was unchanged, indicating a decrease in the number of functional luminal Na-K-2Cl cotransporters in obstructed mTAL. Ouabain sensitive Na-K-ATPase activity in plasma membranes was also reduced, and immunoblots using specific monoclonal antibodies directed against the alpha and beta subunits of rabbit Na-K-ATPase showed decreased amounts of both subunits in outer medullas of obstructed kidney. A significant decrease in [3H]bumetanide binding was detected after 4 h of ureteral obstruction, whereas Na-K-ATPase activity at this time was still not different from control. We conclude that ureteral obstruction reduces the amounts of both luminal Na-K-2Cl cotransporter and basolateral Na-K-ATPase in mTAL of obstructed kidney and that these reductions contribute to the salt wasting observed after release of obstruction.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Bladder cancer and squamous metaplasia in spinal cord injury patients.

The influence of long-term indwelling urethral catheterization was studied by random bladder and urethral biopsies in 62 spinal cord injury patients. Six patients (10 per cent) had diffuse squamous cell bladder carcinoma, 4 of whom had no tumor visible endoscopically. Five of the patients with cancer were among 25 patients (20 per cent) managed with an indwelling urethral catheter for more than 10 years (average 21 years, range 15 to 30 years). The other cancer patient had been free of the catheter for 27 years after suprapubic cystotomy for 4 years. Gross and microscopic hematuria was associated with cancer. Squamous metaplasia of the bladder was significantly greater in patients who had been catheterized for more than 10 years (80 per cent), compared to those catheterized for less than 10 years (42 per cent) and patients without catheters (20 per cent). Urethral squamous metaplasia increased slightly in long-term catheterization patients. Urinary infection was universal and did not distinguish patients with inflammation, metaplasia or cancer. Therefore, the duration of indwelling catheterization seems to be the major factor in squamous changes in these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The role of hemiacidrin in the management of renal stones in spinal cord injury patients.

Hemiacidrin is known solvent of renal calculi. Our report concerns its use in 5 cases as the sole medical agent for dissolving pelvic stones and in 6 others to supplement an operation and dissolve postoperative residual concretions. No serious complications were noted in either group. An accurate and safe technique for its use is described. The results of the method are presented.

Adult↗