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Biomedical subjects

S Yamagami

Publications and source records attributed to S Yamagami.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Use of immobilized histidine in assay for endotoxin in patients with liver disease.

The Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test has the disadvantage of being influenced by various inhibitors and activators. We have developed a method for the LAL reaction that involves the specific adsorption and isolation of endotoxin using a membrane filter unit and immobilized histidine; in this present study we used the method to measure endotoxin in the plasma of patients with acute or chronic liver disease. The adsorbed endotoxins are separated from LAL-inhibitors or -activators by the membrane filter unit, and their activity is directly assayed with the LAL reagent in a filter cup without any inhibition or activation. The study population consisted of 23 subjects, 3 with fulminant hepatitis and 20 with cirrhosis (9 with esophageal varices and 11 without). All 3 (100%) of the samples of plasma from patients with fulminant hepatitis were positive for endotoxin, as were the samples of 7 (78%) of the 9 patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices, and 2 (18%) of the 11 patients with cirrhosis but without such varices. The results suggested that this method appears to be useful for assaying the concentration of endotoxin in patients with fulminant hepatitis or cirrhosis of the liver.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1994

[Multivariate analysis of risk factors of rejection in penetrating keratoplasty].

In order to evaluate preoperative risk factors that affect the incidence of endothelial rejection after penetrating keratoplasty, we performed statistical analysis on 571 consecutive cases who had been followed at the University of Tokyo Hospital for at least one year. We applied a logistic regression model (multiple variate analysis) to determine the significance of the association between the preoperative factors and the incidence of rejection. We identified four preoperative risk factors of endothelial rejection in a year as follows: the extent of corneal vascularization, failed previous graft continuous sutures, and preoperative corneal endothelial damage. When the rejection cases were divided into an early group that suffered rejection within 3 months and a late group that suffered rejection after 6 to 12 months, young patients were likely to suffer rejection in the early postoperative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in filtered or nonfiltered glaucoma eyes.

Cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation was carried out in 45 glaucoma eyes that had undergone glaucoma filtering surgery (Group A), and in 47 glaucoma eyes in which intraocular pressure (IOP) was well controlled with medication (Group B). To analyze the effects of PC-IOL implantation on the control of IOP and the functioning of the filtering bleb, a life-table analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method was carried out. In Group A the probability that IOP control will not worsen at 2 years was 56 +/- 12 (SE)% in eyes where a functioning filtering bleb had existed preoperatively. The probability that the filtering bleb was not cicatrized at 2 years postoperatively was 44 +/- 11 (SE)%. In Group B the postoperative IOP on the first postoperative day was significantly higher than the preoperative level in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) eyes, while no such difference was seen in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes. The postoperative IOP was significantly lower than the preoperative level from 3 to 6 months postoperatively in POAG eyes and from 1 to 12 months postoperatively in PACG eyes. Medication did not differ significantly pre- and postoperatively. In 64 +/- 11 (SE)% of POAG and 63 +/- 15% of PACG eyes the IOP control did not worsen at 2 years. In 70% of the eyes the IOP control improved postoperatively, and was maintained for 2 years with the probability of 44 +/- 12 (SE)%.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

[Statistic evaluation of prognostic risk factors in penetrating keratoplasty using Cox multiple regression model].

Preoperative risk factors that may influence the prognosis in penetrating keratoplasty were statistically analyzed on 698 consecutive eye that had been operated on at the University of Tokyo Hospital. A Cox multiple regression model (proportional hazards models) was constructed with simultaneous consideration of follow-up periods and prognostic factors. Six preoperative risk factors were identified: corneal endothelial damage, the presence of anterior synechiae, glaucoma, older donor age, the area of vascularization, and aphakia or pseudophakia. Simulations of the prognosis were attempted using the significant factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Endogenous methionine enkephalin may play an anticonvulsant role in the seizure-susceptible El mouse.

After the intracisternal injection of three protease inhibitors which prevent the degradation of methionine enkephalin (amastatin, Des-Pro2-bradykinin, and phosphoramidon) and a mixture of these protease inhibitors, we investigated the effect on convulsive seizures in the seizure-susceptible El mouse. We also measured the cerebral methionine enkephalin content by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay. Protease inhibitors significantly decreased both the incidence of seizures and the seizure score in El mice in a dose-dependent manner. This anticonvulsant effect was reversed by naloxone (2 mg/kg, sc). The cerebral methionine enkephalin content increased significantly after the administration of protease inhibitors in comparison with saline injection. These findings suggest that it was not protease inhibitors but instead increase of endogenous methionine enkephalin that reduced the incidence of seizures and the seizure score in El mice. Together with our previous data, the present findings support our hypothesis that a deficit in anticonvulsant endogenous methionine enkephalin is involved in the pathogenesis of seizures in the El mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Combined posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy--a life-table analysis of postoperative clinical course].

Postoperative courses of 68 eyes of 58 glaucoma patients who underwent posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation combined with trabeculectomy were studied retrospectively. The visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 66% of the eyes at 3 months postoperatively. The average intraocular pressure (IOP) was below 15 mmHg till 16 months postoperatively. An analysis of the postoperative course using the life-table method of Kaplan-Meier revealed that the probability of successful IOP control with medication was 83% at 18 months and 47% without medication. The subjects aged 75 years or older showed significantly higher success probability than those younger than 75 years, while types of glaucoma, the preoperative IOP control, location of conjunctival or sclerocorneal incision, postoperative 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections or surgical intervention on the iris had no significant effects on the probability of successful IOP control. The probability of subsistence of functional filtering bleb was 24% at 18-month follow-up, on which postoperative administration of 5-FU of 35 mg or more had a favorable effect.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Analysis of the effect of PC-IOL implantation on intraocular pressure control in glaucoma eyes using the life-table method].

Cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) implantation were carried out in 21 primary angle glaucoma (POAG) and 26 primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes in which preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) was well controlled with medication. The postoperative IOP on the first postoperative day was significantly higher than the preoperative level in POAG eyes, while no significant difference was seen in PACG eyes. The postoperative IOP was significantly lower than the preoperative level at 3 and 6 months postoperatively in POAG eyes and at 1-12 months postoperatively in PACG eyes. Medication did not differ significantly pre- and postoperatively. In 64 +/- 11% (SE) of POAG and 63 +/- 15% of PACG the status of IOP control did not worsen at 2 years. Overall, 70% of the eyes the status of IOP control improved postoperatively, and this was maintained for 2 years in 44 +/- 12%. The present result implies that in primary glaucoma, PC-IOL implantation surgery does not need to be combined with glaucoma surgeries when the IOP was satisfactory controlled and the stage of disease was not advanced.

Female↗
PubMed1992

Effects of morphine and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin in the seizure-susceptible El mouse.

Opioid agonists were used to investigate the modulation of seizures in the seizure-susceptible El mouse. Morphine and D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) were injected subcutaneously or intracisternally as prototypic agonists for mu and delta opioid receptors. Systemic or intracisternal injection of both morphine and DADLE decreased the incidence of seizures and the seizure score in El mice in a dose-dependent manner. The anticonvulsant effects of morphine and DADLE were reversed by naloxone (2 mg/kg, s.c.). This implies that opioid agonists have anticonvulsant properties which are mediated by mu and delta opioid receptors. In conclusion, a deficit in endogenous opioid peptides, which act as anticonvulsants may play a significant role in the etiology or pathophysiology of seizures in the El mouse.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Intraocular lens implantation after glaucoma filtering surgery--time course of changes in intraocular pressure control and filtering blebs].

Cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were carried out in 45 glaucomatous eyes that had undergone glaucoma filtering surgery. Of these, 37 eyes had primary glaucoma, 2 eyes capsular glaucoma, and 6 eyes secondary glaucoma. The visual acuity after IOL implantation was 0.5 or more in 29 eyes (64%) but in 10 eyes (22%) acuity was 0.1 or less because of advanced optic nerve head damage. To analyze affects of IOL implantation on intraocular pressure (IOP) control and functioning of the filtration bleb in 39 eyes of primary or capsular glaucoma, a life-table analysis with the Kaplan-Meier method was performed. The probability that IOP control does not worsen at 2 years was 43 +/- 7% (SE) in 21 eyes without pre-operative ocular hypotensive medication, 56 +/- 16% in 18 eyes with pre-operative ocular hypotensive medication, 47 +/- 12% in 26 eyes where functioning filtering bleb existed pre-operatively. The probability that the filtering bleb survives 2 years post-operatively was 44 +/- 11%. The present results imply that intensive management of post-operative inflammation and careful IOP follow up are imperative in eyes in which IOL implantation was indicated after undergoing filtration surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Exophthalmos in myelodysplastic syndrome.

A case of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who suffered alternating proptosis was reported. A 57-year-old Japanese man with MDS developed acute painful left proptosis with eyelid edema, conjunctival injection, visual disturbance, and restriction of eye movements. This lasted for 3 weeks. Computerized tomography (CT) showed swelling of the lateral and medial rectus muscles and the optic nerve, as well as a retrobulbar mass. Later, a similar painful right proptosis with severe conjunctival chemosis developed. CT showed only bilateral mild optic nerve swelling. The visual acuity of the right eye decreased to null even after remission of the proptosis. The patient died due to myocardial infarction and underwent autopsy. The right optic nerve stroma was found to be increased over that of the left. Cellular infiltration was noted in the left optic nerve and the retrobulbar connective tissue. This self-limiting and relapsing proptosis was apparently related to MDS. This is only the second MDS case with such severe ophthalmological symptoms reported in the literature.

Exophthalmos↗
PubMed1991

[The effect of conservative and surgical management for secondary hyperparathyroidism and their problems].

We compared the effect of conservative treatment with that of surgical treatment after applying them on secondary hyperparathyroidism patients (2nd HPT) in order to study the application of surgery on 2nd HPT patients. We selected the test subject of 39 maintenance dialysis patients with complications of 2nd HPT. The conservative treatments were; elcitonine administration (40 u x 3/W) (group 1), ipriflavon administration (200 mg x 3/day) (group 2), and pulse treatment (1.25 (OH)2D3 6 micrograms/W) (group 3). For surgical treatment, we adopted total parathyroidectomy with auto-transplantation into the arm (PTX). The transition of serum parathyroid hormone (PTH-C), alkali-phosphatase (ALP), bone scintigraphy of every 6 months, and change of bone mineral content (BMC) were compared to judge the effects of treatments. We measured 1/3, 1/6 radial region with single photon absorptiometry (SPA) and L3 region with dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) to obtain BMC. We were forced to transfer the patients in groups 1 and 2 (conservative treatment) to pulse treatment or PTX as 12 months later they showed increase in serum PTH-C, ALP and significant drop (P less than 0.05) in BMC average change rate (1/3). In group 3 of pulse treatment, though significant decrease in serum ALP (P less than 0.01) was detected for 10 cases out of 12, serum PTH-C was either unchanged or increased for 4 cases with the value of more than 30 ng/ml. Furthermore the average change rate of BMC stayed at the same level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3↗
PubMed1991

The clinical effect of bifemelane hydrochloride on dementia in aged patients.

The effect of bifemelane hydrochloride on dementia in the elderly was studied in thirty-one patients having cerebrovascular disorders. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism and related diseases. The drug (150 mg) was administered orally three times daily for 10 weeks. The final global improvement rating was 77.4% for all patients. The rates of improvement for Alzheimer's disease were higher than those for cerebrovascular disorders, suggesting that this drug affects Alzheimer's disease through a cholinergic potentiating action. Psychotic, neurological and subjective symptoms, and the activity of daily life, were rated before, during and after treatment. All mean rates of improvement were based on observations made in the 4th week after the start of treatment. Improvement rates for global symptoms were more than 80% for emotional incontinence and prejudice or querulous attitudes toward the nurses, and in headache, tinnitus and dizziness among the subjective symptoms. The improvement in intellectual function was evaluated by the dementia rating scale for the elderly (DRSE), and a significant increase was found in DRSE after treatment with this drug. Side effects attributable to the drug were noted in one patient developing urticaria. It is thus suggested that bifemelane hydrochloride is useful in the treatment of different symptoms of dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Developmental and regional alteration of methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in seizure-susceptible E1 mouse brain.

Methionine enkephalin-like immunoreactivity (ME-LI) in the brain of El mice (seizure-susceptible strain) was measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) to elucidate the relation between seizures and the opioid system. The lyophilized supernatants of tissue extracts were subjected to ME RIA. The concentration of ME-LI in 25-day-old El mice that had no seizures was significantly decreased in the hippocampus. At the age of 50 days when El mice displayed abortive seizures, the levels of ME-LI in both El(+) and nonstimulated El(o) mice were also significantly reduced in the hippocampus and septal area. It was further shown that the ME-LI concentrations in both 150-day-old adult El(+) during interictal periods and El(o) mice were markedly decreased in the cerebral cortex, septal area, and striatum, as compared with the corresponding regions in ddY mice (seizure-nonsusceptible strain; the mother strain of El). The decrease of ME-LI in the El mouse brain was generally compatible with our previous findings concerning the up-regulation of opioid delta receptors in this species. These results suggest that the reduction of ME-LI in the El mouse brain is not due to convulsions, but could be associated with the pathogenesis of seizure diathesis and seizure manifestations in the El mouse.

Animals↗