Biomedical subjects

S Yasuoka

Publications and source records attributed to S Yasuoka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMed1993

[Neutrophil chemotactic factor in supernatant from pulmonary fibroblasts stimulated with cytokines].

Fibroblasts are important for maintenance of the structural frame network for most tissues, and they also play an important role in the inflammatory process via production of various mediators. In this study, we demonstrated that pulmonary fibroblasts may participate in pulmonary inflammation by production of neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF). Pulmonary fibroblasts were stimulated with various cytokines (IGF-1, PDGF, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, TNF, IFNr). Fibroblasts stimulated with either TNF, IL-1 alpha or IL-beta but not IGF, PDGF, IL-2 or IL-6 demonstrated a kinetic and dose-dependent increase in NCF activity. The NCF activity of crude supernatant was heat-stable and was not changed by anti-C5 antibody treatment or ether extraction. Characterization of the NCF activity by gel-filtration using high pressure liquid chromatography showed two active fractions, one with MW greater than 100 kD and the other with MW less than 10 kD. NCF activity in the small molecular weight fraction was demonstrated by inhibition of chemotaxis by addition of anti-IL-8 antibody. These data suggest that cytokine-treated fibroblast-derived NCF may be important in the pathogenesis and expression of a variety of pulmonary disease processes associated with neutrophil accumulation and activation.

Cytokines↗

PubMed1992

Neutrophil chemotactic factors in the respiratory tract of patients with chronic airway diseases or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

This study was designed to clarify the contributions of specific neutrophil chemotactic factors (NCF) in neutrophil accumulation in the human respiratory tract associated with various diseases. The activity and characteristics of the NCF in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and culture media of alveolar macrophages obtained from normal volunteers, control patients, patients with chronic airway diseases (CAD) and patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were examined. The BAL fluid from normal volunteers contained NCF comparable with the chemotactic factors interleukin-8 (IL-8) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Analysis of the biochemical characteristics of NCF released from alveolar macrophages suggests that they are derived from alveolar macrophages. The NCF activities in BAL fluids from patients with CAD and IPF were higher than those in BAL fluids from normal volunteers and control patients. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that several kinds of NCF, including those derived from the complement component C5 and alveolar macrophages, were present in the BAL fluid from patients with CAD and respiratory infections. The especially marked increase of C5-derived NCF indicate their importance in neutrophil accumulation in the respiratory tract of patients with CAD. Alveolar macrophages released different types of NCF after different lengths of culture periods (4 h and 24 h). Alveolar macrophages from patients with IPF released larger amounts of NCF than alveolar macrophages from normal volunteers, indicating the importance of alveolar-macrophage-derived NCF as well as C5-derived NCF in neutrophil accumulation in the respiratory tract of patients with IPF. These results suggest that various types of NCF increase in response to different disease states of the respiratory tract and serve to regulate the accumulation of neutrophils.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Differential cell analysis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from pulmonary lesions of patients with tuberculosis.

To obtain information on the cellular reactions to Mycobacterium (M) tuberculosis in the lung, we analyzed the cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from pulmonary lesions in comparison with those in BAL fluid from nonaffected regions of the lungs, and control lungs, and in peripheral blood of patients with tuberculosis. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were increased in number in BAL fluid from affected lesions of the lungs of patients with miliary tuberculosis and patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis compared with those in BAL fluid from control patients, but the number of alveolar macrophages was decreased in BAL fluid from tuberculous lesions. However, the numbers of these cells were not changed in the BAL fluid from nonaffected regions of the lungs of patients with active or inactive pulmonary tuberculosis. The numbers of lymphocytes were decreased and the numbers of monocytes were increased in peripheral blood from patients with miliary tuberculosis and with active tuberculosis, indicating inverse changes in the numbers of lymphocytes and monocytes in the peripheral blood to those in the BAL fluid of patients with tuberculosis. These results indicate characteristic redistributions of immune or inflammatory cells in response to infection with M tuberculosis and suggest that these changes are important for understanding the pathophysiology of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Analysis of IgA antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sera and sputa of patients with chronic airway diseases.

The change of IgA system for Pseudomonas infection was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the system in sera and sputa of patients with chronic airway diseases. The anti-Pseudomonas total IgA antibody titers in both sera and sputa were not elevated in group I with no infection (mainly chronic bronchitis) and group II infected with bacteria other than Pseudomonas, but were elevated in group III colonized transiently with Pseudomonas [diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and bronchiectasis] and group IV colonized persistently with Pseudomonas (mainly DPB). The elevation in the sera and sputa were mainly due to monomeric IgA and polymeric IgA (S-IgA), respectively, and values were significantly higher in group III than in group IV only in the sera. These results indicate that the IgA system is enhanced in advanced DPB and bronchiectasis complicated by Pseudomonas infection, and that the anti-Pseudomonas IgA antibody titer in serum is more useful than that in sputum for the diagnosis of respiratory Pseudomonas infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Cell profile and elastase activity in diffuse panbronchiolitis investigated by bronchoalveolar and bronchial lavage.

To examine the mechanism of tissue damage which causes bronchiolectasis in diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB), the cellular components, elastase and its main inhibitor, alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) were measured in bronchoalveolar and bronchial lavage fluid (BALF and BLF) from 14 DPB patients. A predominant increase in the neutrophil count was observed in DPB. Elastase activity in BALF and BLF was about 1,000-fold higher in the DPB group than in the control group. An inhibitor study and a positive correlation between elastase activity and the neutrophil count in both lavage fluids from the DPB group indicated that the activity was mainly that of neutrophil elastase. Western blot analysis of alpha 1-PI showed that most of the alpha 1-PI in the lavage fluids from DPB group was degraded. These results indicated that neutrophil infiltration increases the level of elastase in the DPB lesions; this increase seems to be closely related to tissue damage.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Increased granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor production by mononuclear cells from patients with bronchial asthma].

The in vitro production of granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by mononuclear cells from the peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma (BA) was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In 3 of 12 cases studied, mononuclear cells from BA patients produced GM-CSF without stimulation. And in 5 of 12 cases studied, mononuclear cells from BA patients produced GM-CSF in response to IL-2. Mononuclear cells from patients with other diseases (n = 13) and healthy volunteers (n = 6) did not release any detectable (> or = 7.5 pg/ml) GM-CSF. The culture media of mononuclear cells from BA patients showed activities for stimulating the proliferation and survival of eosinophils, and these activities were partially inhibited by anti-GM-CSF antibodies. GM-CSF production by mononuclear cells from BA patients treated with prednisolone was lower than that of mononuclear cells from untreated BA patients. And prednisolone showed a reduction in the GM-CSF production from mononuclear cells in response to IL-2. These results suggest that GM-CSF production by mononuclear cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of BA.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Measurement of CA19-9 in bronchial lavage fluid from patients with lung cancer].

Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was measured in bronchial lavage fluid in 21 patients with lung cancer and 4 patients with benign lung diseases (2 patients with DPB, 2 patients with BE). Bronchial lavage of the tumor-related bronchus was performed. In normal subjects, levels of CA19-9 in lavage fluid were less than 1000 IU/ml. On the other hand, in 6 patients with lung cancer, levels of CA19-9 were higher than 1000 IU/ml, and in 3 of these cases, CA19-9 levels were higher than 8000 IU/ml. All six three cases were histologically diagnosed as adenocarcinoma. Tumor resected at operation was then stained by antibody recognizing CA19-9. Tumor in cases with high levels of CA19-9 was stained immunohistochemically. These results indicate that measurement of CA19-9 in bronchial lavage fluid of the tumor-related bronchus is a useful auxiliary method in the diagnosis of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1992

[Eosinophil colony stimulating factor production by lymphocytes from patients with bronchial asthma].

To investigate the eosinophilia in patients with bronchial asthma (BA), we examined the release of eosinophil colony stimulating factor (Eo-CSF) from blood mononuclear cells (MNC) and lymphocytes from BA. We also investigated the effect of specific antigens on the release of Eo-CSF to determine its relation to other known Eo-CSFs. 1) Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and interleukin (IL)-2 at optimal concentrations stimulated mononuclear cells from BA, and induced Eo-CSF release. In contrast, MNC from normal volunteers released Eo-CSF with only PHA, but did not release Eo-CSF with IL-2. 2) Lymphocytes from BA who were sensitive to house dust mite and Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) antigens responded to specific antigens with Eo-CSF production, but those from normal volunteers did not. 3) The anti-IL-3, anti-IL-5, and anti-granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF antibody inhibited Eo-CSF activity in culture media of lymphocytes from BA. These results indicate that the increase in responsiveness of lymphocytes from BA to specific antigens and cytokines produced by T cells play an important role in the induction of eosinophilia in BA.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Thrombin enhances lung fibroblast proliferation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.

To clarify the role of thrombin in fibroblast growth and the development of pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced interstitial lung disease, we examined the relationship of thrombin activity to fibroblast growth-stimulating activity (FGA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from bleomycin-treated rats. Male Wistar rats were given a single intratracheal injection of bleomycin, BAL was performed 2, 6, and 15 days later, and the BAL fluid was assayed for thrombin activity and FGA. Higher FGA than the control value was detected in the BAL fluid from rats on day 6 after bleomycin administration. In bleomycin-treated rats, thrombin activity in the BAL fluid was significantly elevated on day 2 and maximal on day 6. The FGA of the BAL fluid from bleomycin-treated rats on day 6 was significantly decreased by its treatment with various thrombin inhibitors, such as alpha 1-protease inhibitor, antithrombin III, hirudin, and MD-805. In our assay, purified rat thrombin also showed FGA in vitro, and its FGA was inhibited by the same concentrations of these thrombin inhibitors as those inhibiting the activity in the BAL fluid. On ammonium sulfate fractionation, most of the thrombin activity was recovered in the fraction of 35 to 50% saturation in which most of the FGA was detected. These results suggest that the FGA of the BAL fluid from bleomycin-treated rats was at least partly due to thrombin is responsible, at least in part, for fibroblast growth and pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-induced interstitial lung disease.

Ammonium Sulfate↗

PubMed1991

[A case of small cell lung cancer associated with pulmonary sarcoidosis].

A 63-year-old man with pulmonary sarcoidosis, diagnosed by mediastinal lymph node biopsy in 1977, was admitted in Feb. 1987 because of shortness of breath and cough. Chest X-ray showed bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy and a tumor shadow in the right lung field. Histological examination of specimens biopsied from the right lung revealed small cell carcinoma (S.C.C.). Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed to evaluate the disease activity of sarcoidosis, and the total number of cells and T-lymphocytes; the ratio of CD4+ cells to CD8+ cells was not increased. He was treated with combination chemotherapy, however, he died of respiratory failure after 7 months. An autopsy was performed, and the lesions were examined histologically. The sarcoid lesion in a lymph node obtained at autopsy was not active, in contrast to that obtained by mediastinal lymph node biopsy. Lung cancer and sarcoidosis are both common diseases, but their coexistence in the same patient is not common, and autopsied cases are rare. In this case, an autopsy was performed, and BAL had been performed prior to his death. The relationship between the BAL findings and the histology of sarcoidosis was examined. Based on the results of autopsy and BAL, the sarcoidosis was inactive prior to death, but had been histologically active 10 years previously. Therefore, this is a very interesting case, since we can examine the relationship between the two diseases, and the progression of each disease. This case also provides an interesting example of differentiation of sarcoidosis from S.C.C. Metastatic invasion of the hilar lymph nodes without bronchial stenosis and changes secondary to stenosis may often occur in patients with small cell lung cancer. Such metastatic invasion closely resembles the bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy of sarcoidosis; therefore, in some cases, it may be extremely difficult to differentiate the two diseases.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗

PubMed1991

[The role of thrombin on lung fibroblast growth and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced lung disorder].

In order to clarify the role of thrombin on the development of pulmonary fibrosis in diffuse interstitial lung diseases, we examined the relationship between fibroblast growth-stimulating activity (FGA) and thrombin activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from rats with bleomycin-induced interstitial lung disorders. Male Wistar strain rats (body weight about 200 g) were given a single intratracheal injection of 0.9 mg bleomycin, and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed on days 2, 6 and 15. The BALF was centrifuged at 250 X g for 10 min to remove cells, and then the supernatant was recentrifugation at 27,000 X g for 40 min to remove pulmonary surfactants. The supernatant (10 ml) was dialyzed overnight against distilled water, frozen at -70 degrees C, freeze-dried, and resuspended in 2 ml of Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (concentrated 5-fold). The 5-fold concentrated BALF was added to rat lung fibroblast culture media, and assayed for cytotoxic activity and FGA. Thrombin activity in 250 X g supernatant was measured by using fluorescence assay with the synthetic peptide substrate, Boc-Val-Pro-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide. Histological examination showed a prominent increase in fibroblast number in the pulmonary interstitium on day 6, and transformation of fibroblasts into mature forms, fibrocytes, on day 15. On day 2 after bleomycin administration, no FGA was seen but cytotoxic activity was detected in the BALF. On day 6, the cytotoxic activity was not found, whereas FGA showed a significantly higher level than the control value. On day 15, the FGA decreased to the control value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Ammonium Sulfate↗

PubMed1991

Relationship between dynamic viscoelasticity and biochemical parameters in whole sputum from patients with hypersecretory respiratory diseases.

To obtain suitable biochemical parameters for measuring the dynamic viscoelasticity of sputum, we examined the relationships of the dynamic viscoelasticity with the dry weight (DW) and the contents of fucose, a parameter of airway mucous glycoprotein (AMG), and total protein (TP) and major proteins in whole sputum. The DW and TP, albumin and IgG concentrations and elastase activity were higher in purulent sputum than in mucoid-mucopurulent sputum, but there was no significant difference in the concentrations of airway wall-derived substances, such as fucose and S-IgA in the two. In mucoid-mucopurulent sputum, the dynamic viscosity (eta') and elastic modulus (G'), an indicator of dynamic elasticity, were most closely correlated with the fucose concentration (r = +0.75, and +0.74, p < 0.005 at 1 Hz) and slightly correlated with the DW, TP and S-IgA, but not with the other parameters tested. In the purulent sputum, the eta' and G' correlated with the DW and concentration of TP (r = +0.70-0.80, p < 0.005), but not with any concentrations of fucose, S-IgA or albumin. The results indicate that as parameters for estimating the dynamic viscosity and elasticity of whole sputum, fucose is useful for mucoid-mucopurulent sputum whereas DW and TP are useful for purulent sputum.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A case of a large invasive thymoma successfully treated by using a combination of artery infusion of CDDP and operation].

A 21-year-old male was admitted with SVC syndrome. Chest X-ray film showed an abnormal density on the upper mediastinum, that was recognized thymoma on the needle aspiration specimen. The large tumor, which extensively infiltrated the surrounding tissues (SVC, the right brachiocephalic vein, bilateral lungs and the pericardium) led us to choose preoperative chemotherapy. CDDP (cisdiammin-edichloroplatinum) was infused through the right IMA (internal mammary artery). After obtaining the major response the tumor mass was resected with adjacent structure accompised vessels reconstructions. Histological examination revealed totally necrosed tissue. Three years after initiation of therapy, the patient is doing well. The therapy with CDDP injection into selective IMA for invasive thymoma before operation was considered to be very useful utilized.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[C5 contents and neutrophil chemotactic activities in bronchiolar and alveolar regions].

To clarify the localization and mechanism of neutrophil infiltration in the lower respiratory tract, we measured neutrophil number, neutrophil chemotactic factor (NCF) activity and content of C5 in bronchial lavage (BL) fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Numbers of neutrophils, NCF activity and C5 content were higher in the BL fluid from normal volunteers (NV) and control patients (CP) than those in the BAL fluid from the same subjects. The NCF activity in the BL fluid was inhibited approximately 40% by anti-C5 antiserum, and correlated with C5 content in the BL fluid. In the BAL fluids of patients with chronic airway diseases (CAD) and patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP), neutrophil number, NCF activity and C5 content were increased compared to those in BAL fluid from NV or CP. These results indicated that neutrophils are predominant in the bronchial region compared to the alveolar region, and that C5-derived NCF play important roles in the accumulation of neutrophils in the bronchial region. Also C5-derived NCF are thought to be related to, at least, a part of the neutrophil infiltration in the respiratory tract of patients with CAD and IIP.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[A case of pathological dilation of seminal vesicle with high level of serum CA-19-9].

A case of pathological dilation of seminal vesicle is presented. A 18-year-old male was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of gross hematuria and discomfort of the scrotum. IVP and abdominal CT scan revealed the left aplastic kidney, and ultrasound, vesiculography, and pelvic CT scan revealed markedly dilated bilateral seminal vesicles without filling defects. The level of serum CA19-9 was 390 u/ml, which was extremely high. After resection of dilated seminal vesicles, it returned to the normal range (37 u/ml). Sixty six cases of pathological dilation of seminal vesicle were collected from the Japanese literature. No cases showing a high level of serum CA19-9 have been reported in Japan.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Regulatory effect of prostaglandin E2 on fibronectin release from human alveolar macrophages.

Fibronectin (Fn), which is released from several kinds of cells including alveolar macrophages (AM), is important in inflammatory reactions in the certain lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Therefore, information on the mechanisms regulating Fn release from AM may be useful for elucidating the pathogenesis of these diseases and developing therapeutic modalities. We supposed that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which is known to modulate cellular functions, might be involved in regulation of Fn release, and, accordingly, we measured the release of Fn and PGE2 from AM from normal volunteers (NV), control patients (CP), and patients with IPF. AM from patients with IPF were found to release more Fn than AM from NV (IPF: 250 +/- 58.8/10(6) cells.24 h, NV: 53.0 +/- 7.3 ng/10(6) cells.24 h) and to release less PGE2 than the latter (IPF: 0.48 +/- 0.12 ng/10(6) cells.24 h, NV:1.35 +/- 0.24 ng/10(6) cells.24 h). A negative correlation was found between the contents of Fn and PGE2 in the culture media of AM from NV, CP, and patients with IPF. Lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate acetate, and zymosan suppressed Fn release from AM but stimulated their PGE2 release, and these effects were reversed by indomethacin. Exogenous PGE2 (greater than 1 x 10(-8) M) suppressed Fn release. The albumin-antialbumin complex stimulated Fn release but did not affect PGE2 release. These results indicate that Fn release from AM changed in response to various stimuli, and that PGE2 is important in suppressing Fn release from AM, suggesting a negative feedback mechanism of PGE2 in releasing Fn.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Eosinophil colony-stimulating factor induced by administration of interleukin-2 into the pleural cavity of patients with malignant pleurisy.

Systemic administration of interleukin (IL)-2 to patients with malignant diseases induces peripheral eosinophilia. In the present study, to clarify the mechanism of eosinophilia induced by IL-2, we examined the changes in the number of eosinophils and eosinophil colony-stimulating factor (Eo-CSF) activity in the pleural fluids of six patients with malignant pleurisy caused by lung cancer or malignant mesothelioma during and after intrapleural administration of IL-2. Results showed that intrapleural administration of IL-2 induced marked eosinophilia in the pleural fluid and moderate eosinophilia in the peripheral blood, and that during IL-2 administration, marked Eo-CSF activity appeared in the pleural fluid before increase in the number of eosinophils, but that this activity did not appear in the peripheral blood. This Eo-CSF activity was inhibited by a combination of anti-IL-5 antibody, anti-IL-3 antibody, and anti-granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (anti-GM-CSF) antibody, but not by each antibody alone. Chemotactic activity for eosinophils was also detected in the pleural fluid during IL-2 treatment. These results suggest that eosinophilia in the pleural fluid induced by IL-2 injection into the pleural cavity of patients with malignant pleurisy is due to the Eo-CSF activities of various components, including IL-5, IL-3, and GM-CSF, and chemotactic factors for eosinophils induced locally in the pleural cavity by IL-2.

Bone Marrow↗

PubMed1990

Neutrophil recruitment in the respiratory tract of a patient with plasma cell granuloma of the lung.

A 69-year-old woman had plasma cell granuloma of the left middle lobe of the lung. Her symptoms and roentgenologic findings improved with antibiotic treatment. Before treatment, the number of neutrophils and NCA were markedly increased in BAL fluid obtained from the affected region of the left lung and moderately increased in BAL fluid obtained from the nonaffected region of the right lung. The number of neutrophils, the NCA as well as the contents of C5 and C5a des Arg (neutrophil chemotactic factors) in the BAL fluids from both these regions decreased during treatment. These findings suggest that plasma cell granuloma was due to chronic immune and inflammatory reactions in the lung, that neutrophils are involved in development of the symptoms and signs of this disease, and that neutrophil chemotactic factors, including complement-derived factors, are important in neutrophil recruitment at the lesion and in nonaffected parts of the lung.

Aged↗