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Biomedical subjects

S Yazawa

Publications and source records attributed to S Yazawa.

120 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

alpha-L-Fucosyltransferases related to biosynthesis of blood group substances in human Saliva.

alpha-L-Fucosyltransferases were demonstrated in human saliva which catalyze the transfer of L-fucose from GDP-L-[14C]-fucose to oligosaccharides from human milk. An alpha-(1 yields 4)-L-fucosyltransferase that synthesizes lacto-N-fucopentaose II and lacto-N-difucohexaose I from lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-fucopentaose I, respectively, was detected in saliva samples of Le(a--b+) secretors and Le(a+b--) non-secretors in which Lea substance was secreted. This enzyme activity was demonstrable neither in saliva samples of Le(a--b--) secretors nor non-secretors. An alpha-(1 yields 2)-L-fucosyltransferase, that synthesizes lacto-N-fucopentaose I from lacto-N-tetraose, was detected in saliva samples from Le(a--b+) secretors which secreted H and Leb substances and from Le(a--b--) secretors which secreted only H substance. An alpha-(1 yields 3)-L-fucosyltransferase was present in all saliva samples of different ABO and Lewis blood groups, irrespective of their ABH secretor status of the donors. The fucosyltransferases in saliva were activated by Mn++ or Mg++ ions, and were inhibited by ATP, GTP and EDTA. They had a broad pH optimum between pH 5.0 and 6.5.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1976

Intra-aneurysmal pressure difference in human saccular aneurysms.

Intra-aneurysmal pressure and piezometric head differences with respect to common carotid values have been recorded by unidirectional and differential transducers in two patients undergoing craniotomy for aneurysms of the anterior communicating and middle cerebral arteries. Recordings were taken under normal systemic arterial pressure during temporary occlusion of the common carotid artery, during intra operative carotid arteriography and under controlled arterial hypotension. Predominance of the common carotid pressure head and piezometric head over the aneurysmal value was found in the two cases.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens with serotype-1 fowl adenovirus isolated from a broiler chicken with gizzard erosions.

Gizzard lesions were formed in specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens inoculated with fowl adenovirus (FAV). The virus, serotype 1 FAV 99ZH strain (FAV-99ZH), was originally isolated from the gizzard mucosa of commercial broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion with intranuclear inclusion bodies. Five-day-old and 53-day-old SPF white leghorn chickens were inoculated with FAV-99ZH by both oral and ocular routes and then examined at necropsy on days 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 postinoculation (PI). There were no clinical signs in any of the chickens after the inoculation. Focal gizzard lesions occurred macroscopically, however, in inoculated chickens at several experimental periods. FAV was recovered from tissue samples of the proventriculus, gizzard, pancreas, and rectum by day 10 or 7 PI but was not recovered from liver samples of any of the chickens. These results indicate that FAV isolated from gizzard erosion is able to reproduce gizzard lesions as necrosis and erosion in SPF white leghorn chickens and that it may have a greater degree of tissue tropism in gizzards and other digestive organs than in the liver.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Epizootic outbreaks of gizzard erosion associated with adenovirus infection in chickens.

Two outbreaks of gizzard erosion in slaughtered broiler chickens in Japan were examined pathologically and microbiologically. The prevalences of such lesions were 9%-11% and 4%-50% in the affected flocks. Affected chickens had no clinical signs. Group I fowl adenovirus (FAV) serotype 1 was isolated from gizzard lesions. Histologically, gizzard mucosa were necrotic. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in the enlarged nuclei of degenerating epithelial cells of the gizzard. The keratinoid layer in the erosion was edematous and desquamated and contained degenerative cells. Moderate to marked inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the lamina propria and perivascular connective tissue in the submucosa and muscle layer. Immunohistochemical staining showed evidence of FAV antigens in the intranuclear inclusion bodies within degenerating epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, numerous viral particles were demonstrated in the inclusions.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pathogenicity of serotype 1 fowl adenovirus in commercial broiler chickens.

The pathogenicity of a serotype 1 fowl adenovirus (FAV-99ZH), isolated from broiler chickens exhibiting gizzard erosion, was investigated in commercial broiler chickens. Five-, 3-, and 1-wk-old commercial broiler chickens were inoculated with FAV-99ZH by both oral and ocular routes. In the 5-wk-old chickens (trial 1), none of which had the maternal antibody to FAV-99ZH, severe gizzard erosions were observed on days 5, 7, and 10 postinoculation (PI). Among the 3-wk-old chickens (trial 2), which were separated into a control group and three treatment groups according to their maternal antibody titer levels, some chickens showed clinical signs such as depression and anorexia. Compared with the control group, all the treatment groups showed decreased weight gain. One treatment group, moreover, showed significantly decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain on day 10 PI. Severe gizzard lesions, such as erosion or ulcers, were observed from day 4 PI in all treatment groups regardless of their maternal antibody levels. The 1-wk-old chickens (trial 3) were separated into a control group and two treatment groups according to their titer levels of the inoculated virus. In spite of high maternal antibody levels, severe gizzard lesions were observed in both treatment groups, which also showed decreased weight gain. One treatment group, inoculated with the higher dose, showed significantly decreased (P < 0.05) weight gain on days 10 and 14 PI compared with the control group. Fowl adenovirus was recovered mainly from gizzard and rectal (including feces) samples from inoculated chickens but was not recovered from liver samples in any of the trials or in any of the control chickens. Although the reproduced disease was similar to that described in a previous report of experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) white leghorn chickens with fowl adenovirus, the pathogenicity of FAV-99ZH in commercial broiler chickens was more severe than that in the SPF white leghorn chickens. The results of the present study indicate that FAV-99ZH isolated from gizzard erosion had pathogenicity and produced severe lesions in the gizzards of broiler chickens and that FAV-99ZH could infect and produce illness in broiler chickens with maternal antibodies against this virus.

Adenoviridae Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outbreaks of adenoviral gizzard erosion in slaughtered broiler chickens in Japan.

Gizzard erosion in broiler chickens was investigated at 18 slaughterhouses in Japan. The condition was observed in 13 of them, and adenoviral gizzard erosion (AGE) was diagnosed histologically, immunohistochemically and virologically in the eroded gizzards from nine of these 13. The antigen-positive intranuclear inclusion body of group 1 fowl adenovirus was observed in the epithelial cells of the affected gizzards, and fowl adenoviruses were isolated from the lesions. In two of the slaughterhouses the total weights of the gizzards disposed of in three years were 3590 kg (0.40 per cent of the gizzards inspected) and 2880 kg (0.19 per cent). Sixteen of the 19 outbreaks of gizzard erosion on 15 farms that were confirmed in three of the slaughterhouses, including the previous two slaughterhouses, were diagnosed as AGE, and the condition was suspected in the other three outbreaks. Most of the adenoviruses isolated were identified as serotype-1 by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No apparent clinical signs were observed in any of the affected flocks.

Abattoirs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence that the aberrant alpha 1-->2fucosyltransferase found in colorectal carcinoma may be encoded by Fuc-TIII (Le) gene.

The accumulation of alpha 1-->2fucosylated antigens such as Le(b) and Y and the presence of aberrant alpha 1-->2 fucosyltransferase(s) (alpha 12FT) which showed new substrate specificities and must be involved in the accumulation of alpha 1-->2fucosylated antigens in colorectal carcinoma has been observed in our previous studies. In this study, we examined the substrate specificities of purified alpha 12FT from Colo201 cells and COS-1 cells transfected with the Fuc-TIII (Le) gene from a patient with colorectal carcinoma. It was demonstrated that activities of not only the Le gene related alpha 1-->3/4-fucosyltransferase but also the aberrant alpha 12FT were present in the purified preparation and in the extract of transfected COS-1 cells on which the Le(b) activity was expressed. These results suggested that the aberrant alpha 12FT was associated with the Le enzyme and that both enzymes could be encoded by the Fuc-TIII gene.

Animals↗