Biomedical subjects

S Yoshihiro

Publications and source records attributed to S Yoshihiro.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2004

Allelic imbalance at 1p36 may predict prognosis of chemoradiation therapy for bladder preservation in patients with invasive bladder cancer.

Invasive bladder cancers have been treated by irradiation combined with cis-platinum (CDDP) as a bladder preservative option. The aim of this study was to find a marker for predicting patient outcome as well as clinical response after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) by investigating allelic loss of apoptosis-related genes. A total of 67 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder treated by CRT (median dose: 32.4 Gy of radiation and 232 mg of CDDP) were studied. We investigated allelic imbalances at 14 loci on chromosomes 17p13 and 1p36 including the p53 and p73 gene regions by fluorescent multiplex PCR based on DNA from paraffin-embedded tumour specimens and peripheral blood. The response to CRT was clinical response (CR) in 21 patients (31%), partial response (PR) in 31 (46%), and no change(NC) in 15 (22%). There was no statistical correlation between treatment response and clinical parameters, such as tumour grade, stage, radiation dose, or CDDP dose. The frequencies of allelic imbalance for TP53 and TP73 were 21 and 56%, respectively; neither was correlated with clinical treatment response and tumour stage or grade. There was no statistical correlation between treatment response and allelic imbalance at the other 12 loci. We found a significant correlation between cancer-specific survival and an imbalance of D1S243 (P=0.0482) or TP73 (P=0.0013) using a Log-rank test, although other loci including TP53 did not correlate with survival (P=0.4529 Multivariate analysis showed performance status (P=0.0047), recurrence (P=0.0017), and radiation doses (P=0.0468) were independent predictive factors for cancer-specific survival. However, an allelic imbalance of TP73 was the most remarkable independent predictive factor of poor patient survival (P=0.0002, risk ratio: 3382). Our results suggest that the allelic loss of the p73 gene predicts a clinical outcome of locally advanced bladder cancer when treated by CRT.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

The allelic loss of chromosome 3p25 with c-myc gain is related to the development of clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

To explore the role of allelic losses at 3p25 and genetic alterations of chromosome 8, we investigated the relationships between genetic alterations in these chromosomal regions and clinicopathologic findings (such as tumor size and grade), by employing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Fifty Japanese clear-cell renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were examined by dual-color FISH using cosmid DNA probes for 3p25.1-25.3 combined with probes for chromosome 3 centromere, 8p12, 8p21.1, 8p21.3, 8p22 and 8q24.12-24.13 (c-myc), and chromosome 8 centromere. Deletion at 3p25.1-25.3 was detected in 38 patients (76%), while 8p12 deletion, 8p21.1 deletion, 8p21.3 deletion, 8p22 deletion and c-myc gain were detected in 23 (46%), 25 (50%), 25 (50%), 25 (50%), and 20 patients (40%), respectively. There was a significant correlation between 8p21.1 deletion, 8p21.3 deletion and 8p21.1 deletion with c-myc gain and tumor grade (p = 0.04, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). Deletions at 8p21.1 and 8p21.3 with 3p deletion were significantly related to tumor grade; the statistical significance was identical to that of sole 8p deletion with tumor grade. The deletion at 3p25.1-25.3 with c-myc gain showed a significant correlation with tumor size, indicating an association with tumor progression. Our results suggest that the allelic loss of chromosome 3p25 with c-myc gain is related to the development of clear-cell RCC.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed2003

The role of chromosome 8p22 deletion for predicting disease progression and pathological staging in prostate cancer.

The natural course of human prostate cancer is highly variable, and we still lack reliable tools to predict the patient's outcome. Recent publications suggest that the deletion of chromosome 8p22 has an important role for tumor progression in prostate cancer. Totally, 97 patients (41 Japanese and 56 Swedish) were studied to detect the status of chromosome 8p22 deletion by the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technique. Seventy-seven underwent surgery (59 radical prostatectomies or 18 lymph node dissections), and the specimens were prepared by touch biopsy. Fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNAB) were obtained from another non-operative 20 cases. Disease progression was evaluated in 57 patients with a median follow-up of 59 months. 8p22 deletions were detected in 58 (60 %) of all cases. The frequency of 8p22 deletion did not significantly differ between different preparations of specimens (touch biopsy vs. FNAB) as well as between different races (Japanese vs. Swedish). Cases with more than pT3 tumors had a significantly higher frequency of 8p22 deletion than those with pT2 (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that 8p22 deletion was the strongest parameter to predict disease progression (hazard ratio = 5.75; p = 0.0001). Studies on chromosomal deletions of 8p22 by the FISH technique may serve as a universal genetic marker to optimize the treatment strategy in patients with prostate cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Two putative tumor suppressor genes on chromosome arm 8p may play different roles in prostate cancer.

Although loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on the short arm of chromosome 8 has been frequently observed in human prostate cancer, the relationship between LOH and clinical background is poorly understood. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to evaluate the chromosomal deletion on 8p in 42 prostate cancers using a centromeric probe for chromosome 8, in combination with 4 cosmid probes spanning 8p12 to 8p22. Deletions for at least one locus on the 8p were observed in 29 (69.0%) tumors. The most frequently deleted regions were 8p22 (54.8%) and 8p21.3 (52.4%), in almost the same frequency. The second most frequently deleted region was 8p21.1-p21.2 (38.1%). Deletions of 8p22 and 8p21.3 significantly correlated with tumor grade (P=0.0034, Fisher's exact probability test). A significantly higher frequency of the deletion on 8p21.1-p21.2 was observed in advanced prostate cancer (beyond capsular penetration or positive nodal metastases) than in localized prostate cancer (P=0.0033). In particular, deletion of 8p21.1-p21.2 was more frequently observed in the cases with lymph node metastases than without them (P=0.0029). No clinicopathological parameters had significant relation to deletions on 8p12. These results suggest that deletions on 8p22-p21.3 play an important role in tumor differentiation, while an 8p21.1-p21.2 deletion plays a role in the progression of prostate cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Oral etoposide following combination chemotherapy and radiation therapy in a patient with advanced adult neuroblastoma led to long survival.

Although neuroblastoma is a common tumor of early childhood, it is rare in adults. In spite of the poor prognosis of advanced neuroblastoma in adults, there is still no effective treatment for this condition in adults. Here we report that oral etoposide salvage chemotherapy was able to prolong the survival of an adult patient with advanced neuroblastoma. A 26-year-old man had advanced neuroblastoma that was resistant to combination intravenous chemotherapy and radiation therapy. He was then treated with oral etoposide, at a dose of 50 mg daily for 5 days in a 21-day course. Toxicity was very mild and he was followed as an outpatient while he received 76 courses of this oral etoposide salvage chemotherapy. Seventy months after diagnosis, this patient is still alive and has no new distant metastases.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed2001

PC reporting system for radiologists: practical use under PACS environment.

To evaluate the practical usefulness of several types of the reporting system especially for radiologists, we have developed and employed several reporting systems. We categorized those reporting systems as follows (1) stand alone PC reporting system; (2) linked reporting system with PACS environment; (3) integrated three-dimensional (3D) imaging workstation (WS) with the intranet. We have evaluated the advantages and disadvantages of those three systems, and compared between the reporting system without PACS and network reporting system with PACS. Using linked reporting system with PACS, radiologists could easily reference both previous reports and archived diagnostic images, and also make their teaching files quickly. In conclusion, the reporting system under PACS environment is found to be practical and helpful for Japanese radiologists.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Deletions on chromosome 8p22 may predict disease progression as well as pathological staging in prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: A recent report demonstrated that the deletion of chromosome 8p22 could predict disease progression in stage III (capsular penetrating) prostate cancer. We studied if the status of chromosomal deletions of 8p22 could reflect pathological stage as well as patient prognosis, thereby serving as a diagnostic tool to optimize the treatment strategy in prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 97 patients (41 Japanese and 56 Swedish) were studied by the fluorescence in situ hybridization technique. Seventy-seven patients (23 pT2, 18 pT3, and 36 pN+ tumors) underwent surgery (radical prostatectomy or lymph node dissection). The specimens were prepared by touch biopsy. From another 20 cases, fine-needle aspiration biopsies were obtained. RESULTS: 8p22 deletions were detected in 47 (61%) and 11 (55%) specimens of 77 touch biopsies and 20 fine-needle aspiration biopsies, respectively. No significant difference was found in the frequency of 8p22 deletion between different preparations of specimens, as well as between different races (Japanese versus Swedish). The frequency of 8p22 deletion was statistically higher in patients with pT3 or more than in those with pT2 (P < 0.01). Disease progression was evaluated in 57 patients. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed 8p22 deletion to be the strongest parameter to predict disease progression (hazards ratio = 5.75; P = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Studies on chromosomal deletions of 8p22 by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique may serve as a genetic marker to optimize the treatment strategy in patients with prostate cancer to the optimal treatment.

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Chromosome 16q24 deletion and decreased E-cadherin expression: possible association with metastatic potential in prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Deletion of chromosome 16q is a frequent aberration in prostatic carcinoma, indicating the existence of candidate tumor suppressor genes involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. METHODS: Chromosome 16 numerical aberration and loss of 16q were studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 31 primary and 22 metastatic tumors from 53 patients. The results were compared with E-cadherin expression, tumor grade and stage, and DNA ploidy. RESULTS: Numerical chromosome 16 aberrations, 16q deletion, and loss of E-cadherin expression were found in 29%, 35%, and 29% of the primary tumors, respectively, and in 73%, 73%, and 73% of the metastases, respectively. High tumor grade and DNA aneuploidy were also found to have significant correlation with metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of chromosome 16q24 and/or loss of the E-cadherin function appears in a high frequency in metastases of prostate cancer. The strong correlations suggest that they may be important risk factors, contributing to the metastatic potential of the tumor.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1997

Efficacy of continuous subcutaneous infusion therapy using interferon alpha and the possible prognostic indicator of TNF-alpha in renal cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: In an attempt to improve efficacy by escalating the dose and maintaining higher serum concentrations over a long period of time, this study examines continuous interferon alpha (IFN alpha) subcutaneous infusion therapy in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS: Seven of 11 patients with RCC had evaluable metastatic lesions. A highly purified natural human IFN alpha was injected subcutaneously via an infuser pump for 5 consecutive days, followed by a 2-day rest period (25 million IU/week). The treatment was continued for a period of 15 weeks. Serum concentrations of IFN alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN gamma were measured at intervals throughout the study period. RESULTS: Two of the 7 patients with evaluable lesions achieved a partial response (overall response rate, 29%), while 1 achieved a partial response only to lung metastasis. These 3 cases were defined as responders. No difference was found in the concentration of serum IFN alpha between responders and nonresponders, however, a significantly higher concentration of serum TNF-alpha was observed in responders (P < 0.05, Mann-Whitney U test). Five cases (45%) had moderate to severe adverse effects, including depression (n = 1), eyeground hemorrhage (n = 2), and general fatigue (n = 2). CONCLUSION: Appropriate patient selection may be necessary for subcutaneous continuous infusion therapy for the treatment of metastatic RCC. Also, the serum concentration of TNF-alpha measured during the course of treatment reflected well on the outcome of IFN alpha therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Adenocarcinoma developing in an ileal conduit.

We report a case of adenocarcinoma that developed in an ileal conduit 18 years after cystectomy for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The only presenting sign was gross hematuria. Retrograde ileal loopography and endoscopy of the ileal loop were useful in the diagnosis. To our knowledge adenocarcinoma arising in an ileal conduit after a radical procedure for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder has not been reported previously. The literature regarding malignancies that arise in portions of intestinal segments used as conduits is reviewed and carcinogenesis is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed1993

Direct and indirect effects of human interferon alpha on renal cell carcinoma: a new in vitro assay system for evaluating cytokine-mediated antitumor effects.

A highly purified natural alpha-interferon (nIFN alpha) was tested in vitro for direct and indirect antiproliferative activity against renal cell carcinoma (RCC), using a modified human tumor clonogenic assay and clinically achievable concentrations. In preclinical experiments, the indirect (cytokine-mediated) antiproliferative activity of nIFN alpha was investigated using ACHN cells (established human RCC cell line). Continuous exposure to nIFN alpha at concentrations of more than 5 IU/ml in the presence of feeder cells (a mixture of 5 x 10(4) monocytes/dish and 5 x 10(5) lymphocytes/dish, obtained from healthy donors) significantly inhibited colony formation of ACHN cells in comparison with growth inhibition in the absence of feeder cells (P < 0.05). Various cytokines were measured in the supernatants lying over the medium on the feeder-layer agarose containing the same conditioned feeder cells. With IFN alpha at 500 IU/ml, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and IFN gamma were detected at markedly high levels for 2-24 h. Neutralizing anti-TNF alpha monoclonal antibody significantly reduced the indirect antiproliferative activity. Using our modified human tumor clonogenic assay technique, sufficient numbers of colonies for drug testing were observed in 19 of 31 surgical specimens (61.3%). In these clinical materials, nIFN alpha at a clinically achievable concentration (50 IU/ml) significantly inhibited colony growth in the presence of feeder cells consisting of 5 x 10(4) monocytes/dish and 5 x 10(5) lymphocytes/dish, obtained from the patient whose tumor was examined (P < 0.05). In colony-forming cases, a significant correlation between the percentage colony survival and TNF alpha concentration in the supernatant was observed (r = -0.95, P < 0.01). These results suggest that this assay system may be an appropriate technique for evaluating the antiproliferative activities of nIFN alpha involving cytokine-mediated action, and that TNF alpha may play an important role in this cytokine-mediated activity.

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1993

[Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in superficial bladder cancer--application to paraffin-embedded tissue sections].

It is important to know the proliferating ability and the malignant potential of each tumor. We studied 56 cases of pTa to pT1 superficial bladder tumors using immunohistochemical staining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and compared the results with the clinical course of each patient. We obtained the following results. 1) We detected the PCNA positive nuclei in all cases, and the PCNA positive rates varied within a range of 1.1-77.5% with a mean of 34.0%. 2) The PCNA positive rate showed no correlation with age, sex, duration of paraffin-embedded, or pathological stage, but showed a significant correlation with the number of tumors, pathological grade of malignancy, or non-recurrence rate. PCNA positive rate of Grade 1 cases (n = 19, 15.6%: mean) was significantly lower than those of Grade 2 cases (n = 27, 39.9%) or Grade 3 cases (n = 10, 53.1%) (P < 0.01). The recurrence rate of the cases with PCNA positive rates of more than 34% (n = 24) was significantly higher than that of the cases with a PCNA positive rate of less than 34% (n = 32) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the method of counting the rate of PCNA positive nuclei is considered to be very useful because of its applicability to paraffin-embedded tissue sections and the simple and rapid techniques. Our results in bladder cancer tissues suggest that this method may also be useful for investigating the proliferating ability and the malignant potential of tumors in general.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[A new interferon-alpha assay system including indirect antitumor effect. Basic and clinical study of renal cell carcinoma].

In this report, the clinical value of a new interferon (INF) assay and measuring serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) titer in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients is described. In order to find out ineffective cases, we established a new in vitro IFN assay system which was modified from human tumor clonogenic assay (HTCA) using an underlayer including monocytes (5 x 10(4)/dish) and lymphocytes (5 x 10(5)/dish) as the feeder cells obtained from human peripheral venous blood. This assay can evaluate both direct and indirect (immune mediated) antitumor effects. Various kinds of cytokines (TNF alpha, IL-1 alpha, -1 beta) were measured simultaneously in the cultured supernatants in vitro as well as the serum value in vivo by sandwich immunoenzymometric assay to compare the relationship between antitumor effect and clinical course. In the basic study, cultured ACHN cell line was used as the target cells. The inhibition of colony growth was observed in a dose relative manner. Continuous IFN-alpha exposure of 50 and 500 IU/ml in the presence of feeder cells showed a significant reduction of colony growth in comparison with cultured plates containing the drug only. Among the cytokines in the supernatants after incubation for 24 hours with IFN-alpha (500 IU/ml) including feeder cells, only TNF alpha showed significant elevation. In the clinical study, 31 RCC patients were tried for sensitivity testing using modified HTCA system. The sufficient colony growth was observed in 19 cases (61%). In 25 cases serum cytokines were compared with preoperative and postoperative values; twenty cases received post-operative IFN-alpha administrations, and 5 cases did not. Seven of the 20 cases with IFN-alpha therapy had some evaluable lesions. 1) The rates of colony survivals were correlated with TNF alpha titers in the supernatants (r = -0.90, p less than 0.01). 2) The serum levels of TNF alpha rose in 15 of the 20 cases (75%) after IFN-alpha therapy. The elevated value was significantly higher than the value of pretreatment period (p less than 0.05, paired t-test). 3) There was a significant correlation between the TNF alpha titers in the supernatants (in vitro) and in the sera (in vivo) treated with IFN-alpha. 4) All of 3 cases with low serum TNF alpha titers during IFN therapy showed progressive disease. But in 4 cases with high serum TNF alpha titers metastatic lesions did not change in more than one year.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Carcinoma, Renal Cell↗

PubMed1992

[Transurethral incision and fulguration of the bladder diverticulum: radicality and clinical efficacy].

We performed transurethral incision and fulguration of the bladder diverticulum (TUIFBD) for 8 diverticula in 6 patients. In combination with TUIFBD, one patient received transurethral resection of the prostate and another one transurethral lithotripsy of bladder stones. TUIFBD has been easily performed without any operative complications. All 8 diverticula had shrunken from one to two months after the operation but only one diverticulum had disappeared. Symptoms related to the bladder diverticulum had disappeared postoperatively in all cases. In conclusion, TUIFBD can be easily and safely performed in combination with other transurethral surgical procedures. TUIFBD may be insufficient for radicality, but is clinically effective.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

[Spontaneous peripelvic extravasation after the operation of rectal cancer, treated by indwelling the ureteral stent: report of three cases].

Three cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation after the operation of rectal cancer are reported. In case 1, a 65-year-old female complained of left flank pain one month after high-anterior resection for rectal cancer. Drip infusion pyelography (DIP) and retrograde pyelography (RP) showed extravasation from the left renal pelvis. The ureteral stent was indwelled, and the extravasation showed remission. In case 2, a 55-year-old female complained of left lumbago 6 months after Miles' operation for rectal cancer. DIP showed extravasation from the left renal pelvis. The same findings were confirmed on the repeated DIP after 10 days. The ureteral stent was indwelled, and the extravasation was cured. In case 3, a 69-year-old male complained of left flank pain and left abdominal tumor 10 months after Miles' operation for rectal cancer. DIP and RP showed extravasation from the right renal pelvis, and computed tomographic (CT) scan showed urinoma formation. Drainage of the urinoma was performed and the ureteral stent was indwelled. The urinoma and the extravasation was cured. We emphasized the usefulness of indwelling the ureteral stent for the conservative management of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation caused by a malignant tumor, and a discussion of the relevant literature follows.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Angiographic analysis of intratumoral Pt concentration on intra-arterial infusion therapy for bladder cancer].

Eleven patients with advanced bladder cancers (T2-4) were treated by intra-arterial CDDP infusion therapy and intratumoral Pt concentrations were measured. The following results and suggestions were obtained by comparing the histological effects and intratumoral Pt conc. 1) By calculating cross section areas from diameter of blood vessels, the blood flow distributions of tumor feeding arteries were estimated. Based on this distributions, the distributed CDDP dosage flowed into the tumor feeding arteries was calculated. The distributed CDDP dosage of histologically effective group (N = 5, Grade IIb less than by Shimosato histological evaluation) were significantly higher than that of ineffective group (N = 6, Grade IIa greater than). (p less than 0.02, Student t test). 2) A good correlation was obtained between the revised intratumoral Pt value by distributed CDDP dosages and intervals from intra-arterial infusion therapies to operations. (r = -0.90, p less than 0.001). Intratumoral Pt conc. declined with a half life of 12 weeks. 3) Based on the declined linear line calculated from 2), theoretical intratumoral Pt conc. which was presumed value on day 0 (just after intra-arterial infusion therapy) were calculated. Theoretical Pt conc. of effective group were significantly higher than that of ineffective group (p less than 0.01), although no significant difference was seen between two groups compared by net intratumoral Pt conc. 4) A good correlation was seen between theoretical intratumoral Pt conc. and distributed CDDP dosage (r = 0.89, p less than 0.01). 5) Five of 6 cases with above 5 micrograms/g of theoretical intratumoral Pt conc. were histologically effective, and 5 micrograms/g of theoretical Pt conc. corresponded to 31 mg of distributed CDDP dosage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1991

[Mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate with good response to hormonal therapy: a case report].

A 79-year-old man complained of pollakisuria and sense of retention. The prostate was stony hard and heterogeneously enhanced on computed tomographic (CT) scan. The serum levels of prostatic specific antigen, prostatic acid phosphatase and gamma-Seminoprotein were abnormally high. Prostatic biopsy showed mucinous adenocarcinoma which was stained by prostatic specific antigen. Bone scintigraphy revealed multiple metastases. Hormonal therapy was performed. Each prostatic tumor marker decreased to the normal range within 2 months. After 3 months, the prostate was almost normalized on digital examination and CT scan. There were no new metastases, prostatic biopsy revealed that most cancer cells had degenerated to nonviable cells and bone metastases had decreased.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗

PubMed1991

[Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy using paraffin-embedded germ cell tumors].

The DNA content of paraffin-embedded materials was determined retrospectively using flow cytometry (FCM) in 36 germ cell tumors, and related to histological type, clinical staging and tumor marker. These histograms were classified from the basis of mode and variance into a diploid and an aneuploid pattern. We could evaluate the DNA histograms in 20 of 36 specimens (56%). Aneuploid patterns were found in 11 of 20 evaluated cases, but there was no correlation between ploidy patterns and histological types. Aneuploid patterns were demonstrated in 2 of 6 stage I cases (33%), and 4 of 5 stage II cases (80%) in seminomas. The difference between stage I and II cases was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between clinical staging and DNA content in non-seminomas. Of the seminomas with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) titers, 3 of 4 cases showed aneuploid patterns. These findings indicate that the determination of DNA ploidy in seminomas may prove to be of prognostic value.

Adult↗