Biomedical subjects

Søren Jepsen

Publications and source records attributed to Søren Jepsen.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Evaluation of selective calculus removal by a fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser in vitro.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the removal of subgingival calculus and dental hard tissues depending on the threshold level of a fluorescence feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty teeth with calculus on the root surface were treated with an Er:YAG laser. Laser settings were 140 mJ and 10 Hz. The initial fluorescence threshold level of 5 [U] was reduced at intervals of 1 [U] for every laser treatment. Areas of residual calculus (RC) were evaluated using a surface analysis software. Loss of dental hard tissues was assessed by histomorphometric analysis of undecalcified ground sections. RESULTS: Using a threshold value of 5 [U], the median amount of RC was 11% (0-78%). By lowering the threshold levels, the amount of RC decreased [level 1 [U]: 0% (0-26%)]. The laser-treated root surfaces revealed a statistically significant reduction of the cementum thickness [median: 80 microm (0-250)] compared with the non-treated opposite side [median: 90 microm (30-250)] (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The amount of RC following laser irradiation depends on the fluorescence threshold level for a feedback-controlled Er:YAG laser. It might be suggested that this laser system may be used with a threshold level even lower than 5 [U] without removing a clinically relevant amount of root cementum.

Aluminum Silicates↗

PubMed2006

Periodontal parameters and platelet-activating factor levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in a Chinese population.

AIM: Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent proinflammatory mediator and has been implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology. The present clinical study assessed the relation between the severity of periodontal disease and PAF levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum. METHODS: A total of 60 non-smoking subjects (21 periodontitis, 19 gingivitis patients and 20 healthy individuals) were included. Probing depth, attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index and sulphide levels were recorded at six sites of each tooth. GCF and blood samples were collected from all individuals, and PAF levels were investigated by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. RESULTS: The periodontitis group showed significantly higher PAF levels in the serum (329.3+/-287.3 pg/ml) and GCF (21.8+/-7.0 pg/sample) compared with the gingivitis group (138.0+/-77.9 pg/ml, 13.8+/-3.6 pg/sample) and with healthy controls (68.9+/-42.8 pg/ml, 2.4+/-2.7 pg/sample). The differences between patients and controls were statistically significant (p<or=0.05). Positive correlations were observed between PAF levels in GCF and serum and for PAF levels and clinical parameters. CONCLUSION: The present findings suggest a role of PAF in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Based on the observed close correlation of GCF and serum PAF levels, future studies are warranted to test the hypothesis of a possible link between periodontitis and adverse systemic events mediated by PAF.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Spectrophotometric and visual evaluation of vital tooth bleaching employing different carbamide peroxide concentrations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the hypothesis that the efficiency of vital tooth bleaching depends on the concentration of carbamide peroxide agents. METHODS: The front teeth of 30 subjects were bleached at home with 10%, 17% or 0% (control) carbamide peroxide for 1 week in a double-blind study design. Tooth shades were determined in the LCH color space employing a visual shade matching system and a spectrophotometer. Differences in lightness (Deltal), chroma (Deltac) and hue (Deltah) were measured to assess the treatment process. After 2 weeks of no treatment, tooth shades were evaluated again to assess stability of the resultant shade. RESULTS: First-time changes of shade values could be observed after 3 days in the 17% group and after 7 days in the 10% group. After 1 week, in both the 17% group (Deltal: 2.80, Deltac: -3.33, Deltah: 0.60) and the 10% group (Deltal: 2.61, Deltac: -2.54, Deltah: 0.09), values for lightness and chroma were significantly different from the control (Deltal: 0.13, Deltac: 0.14, Deltah: 0.21, p<0.05) with no difference between the test groups (p>0.05). Two weeks after treatment, a rebound of shade values could be observed in the test groups (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The study indicates that higher concentration bleaching agents might whiten teeth faster with major changes in lightness and chroma. However, by bleaching daily for 1 week, similar effects can be achieved with both a high and a low concentration agent. After treatment, a regression of the resultant shade has to be expected.

Carbamide Peroxide↗

PubMed2006

Prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a case-control study.

AIM: Previous reports suggest a higher incidence of dental caries in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and similarities in the immunopathogenesis of IBD and periodontitis. This study assessed the prevalence of periodontal disease and caries in patients with IBD. METHODS: In the present case-control study, 62 patients seeking treatment of IBD and 59 matched healthy controls of a dental practice were clinically examined. Oral soft-tissue alterations, the decayed, missing and filled tooth surface (DMF-S) index, dentine caries, plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated in each patient and in the controls. RESULTS: Patients with IBD showed a significantly higher number of oral manifestations compared with controls. The DMF-S index showed no significant differences, but there was a significantly higher number of subjects with dentine caries in patients with IBD. The mean PPD in patients with IBD was 2.08 versus 2.23 mm in controls (p=0.014). Compared with controls, patients with IBD had more sites with CAL of at least 4 mm (81% versus 64% in controls, p=0.07) and 5 mm (63% versus 46%, p=0.07), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this case-control study demonstrate a higher frequency of dentine caries in patients with IBD but the periodontal findings showed no distinct differences between cases and controls.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

A randomized clinical multicentre trial comparing enamel matrix derivative and membrane treatment of buccal class II furcation involvement in mandibular molars. Part III: patient factors and treatment outcome.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of effects of patient factors on the outcome of regenerative treatment of buccal mandibular class II furcation defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-one patients were recruited. In the intention-to-treat population 21 patients were allocated into the sequence left treatment with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD) and right guided tissue regeneration (GTR) and 27 in the sequence left GTR and right EMD. Evaluated patient factors were: smoking, age, gender, hypertension and oral hygiene status. Outcome parameters included change of: (a) horizontal depth of the defect at the deepest point (b) distance from the fornix of the furcation to bone crest of the defect, (c) distance from stent to the bottom of the defect, (d) pocket depth and (e) attachment level at the middle of the furcation. RESULTS: In patients 54 years of age and older, in males, in non-smokers and in patients with "poor" hygiene EMD-treated sites showed a significant higher mean reduction of the parameters d (age), b (gender, hygiene) a (smoking, hygiene) when compared with sites treated with GTR. CONCLUSIONS: These data provided an indication of a possible effect of patient factors on the outcome of regenerative treatment of buccal mandibular class II furcation defects.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

Influence of different treatment approaches on non-submerged and submerged healing of ligature induced peri-implantitis lesions: an experimental study in dogs.

OBJECTIVE: [corrected] The aim of the present study was to evaluate non-submerged and submerged healing of ligature induced peri-implantitis in dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Peri-implantitis was induced by ligature placement in five beagle dogs (n = 30 implants). The defects were randomly and equally allocated in a split-mouth design to either closed treatment + non-submerged healing (CNS), or open treatment + submerged healing (OS) using an Er:YAG laser (ERL), an ultrasonic device (VUS), or plastic curettes + local application of metronidazole gel (PCM), respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months. Clinical, radiological and histological (e.g. new bone-to-implant contact (BIC)) parameters were assessed. RESULTS: All treatment procedures resulted in statistically significant improvements of all clinical parameters at both CNS and OS implants. Radiological improvements were merely observed at OS implants. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that all CNS implants exhibited comparable low amounts of new BIC (1.0-1.2%), while mean BIC was statistically significant higher in the respective OS groups [ERL (44.8%), PCM (14.8%), VUS (8.7%)]. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that (i) OS improved the outcome of treatment in comparison with CNS and (ii) ERL seemed to be more suitable to promote re-osseointegration than PCM and VUS.

Aluminum Silicates↗

PubMed2006

Efficiency of the Vector -system compared with conventional subgingival debridement in vitro and in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the novel ultrasonic Vector -system system for subgingival debridement and to compare the results with conventional periodontal instrumentation in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty extracted human teeth were treated in vitro: Vector -system with polishing (VP) and abrasive fluid (VA), conventional ultrasonic system (U) and hand instrument (H). At intervals of 40 s, calculus removal was assessed using a 3D laser scanning device. Eight single-rooted teeth were treated in vivo with the Vector -system or hand instruments. Subgingival plaque samples were obtained for microbiological evaluation. After extraction, residual calculus was assessed by means of digitized planimetry. RESULTS: In vitro efficiency of hand instruments was statistically higher compared with the conventional ultrasonic system (p < 0.05) and the Vector -system with no difference between U and VA (p > 0.05) and VA and VP (p > 0.05). Residual calculus following in vivo instrumentation was not different in the Vector and the hand instrument group (p > 0.05) but treatment time with the Vector -system was statistically higher (p < 0.05). A similar reduction of periopathogenic bacteria could be observed in both groups. CONCLUSION: Using the Vector -system, root surfaces can be debrided as thoroughly as with conventional instruments. However, treatment is more time consuming than conventional debridement.

Bacteroides↗

PubMed2006

Immunolocalization of lactoferrin in healthy and inflamed gingival tissues.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that lactoferrin prevents biofilm formation and exerts antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cellular source of lactoferrin in healthy and inflamed gingiva. METHODS: Lactoferrin synthesis was examined in relation to disease manifestation in biopsies of the marginal gingiva by immunohistochemistry. The expression of lactoferrin in cell cultures was studied by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Healthy gingiva demonstrated no immunoreactivity to lactoferrin in epithelial and connective tissue cells. In inflamed specimens, lactoferrin staining was related to inflammatory cells. These results were confirmed by cell cultures of keratinocytes that did not show any immunoreactivity against lactoferrin. No mRNA message for lactoferrin was detected by RT-PCR in keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide evidence that lactoferrin is not synthesized in healthy gingival tissues. Therefore, elevated lactoferrin levels in the crevicular fluid of inflamed tissues originate from invading cells of the inflammatory reaction.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Removal of root substance with the Vector-system compared with conventional debridement in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess the removal of root substance with the Vector-system depending on different irrigation fluids and to compare the results with conventional methods for root debridement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty extracted human teeth were treated using four different methods: Vector-system with polishing fluid and metal curette (VP), Vector-system with abrasive fluid and metal curette (VA), conventional ultrasonic system (U) with insert tip "P" and hand instrument. Treatment of the calculus-free root surfaces was carried out for a total of 12 min. using an artificial periodontal pocket. At intervals of 120 s, the removal of dental hard tissues was assessed using a three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning device and the Match 3D software with an accuracy of 0.00001 mm(3). RESULTS: No difference in the removal of root substance with the hand instrument (0.0055 mm(3)/s) and the Vector-system using the abrasive fluid (0.0044 mm(3)/s) could be observed (p=0.51). Using these two systems, a larger amount of root substance (p<0.05) was removed compared with the other methods (U: 0.0023 mm(3)/s, VP: 0.0022 mm(3)/s), which did not differ from each other (p=0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that the Vector-system in combination with polishing fluid or conventional ultrasonics might be used for root debridement without extensive root substance removal.

Dental Cementum↗

PubMed2005

Efficiency of subgingival calculus removal with the Vector-system compared to ultrasonic scaling and hand instrumentation in vitro.

OBJECTIVE: The recently introduced Vector-system (Duerr Dental, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany) is recommended to be used in conjunction with different insert tips and irrigation fluids. The aim of the study was to assess subgingival calculus removal depending on the mode of operation and to compare the results to conventional methods for root debridement. METHODS: Sixty extracted human teeth with calculus on the root surface were treated in an artificial periodontal pocket model using six methods: Vector-system with metal probe insert (VPP) or metal curette insert (VPC), both used with polishing fluid, Vector-system with metal probe insert (VAP) or metal curette insert (VAC), both used with abrasive fluid, EMS-ultrasonic system (U) and hand instrument (Gracey curette). Photographs of the root surface were taken at intervals of 10 s and calculus removal was assessed using a surface analysis software until the root surfaces were cleaned completely. Analysis of variances (ANOVA) of the ranks with subsequent comparison of mean ranks and calculation of homogeneous groups (Scheffe) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Employing the hand instrument, highest efficiency could be observed (0.340 mm2/s). Calculus removal with the Vector-system and metal probe insert (VPP: 0.036 mm2/s; VAP: 0.067 mm2/s) was less effective (p < 0.05) than using the system with metal curette inserts (VPC: 0.122 mm2/s; VAC: 0.209 mm2/s). Employing the abrasive fluid, removal of deposits with the metal curette insert was as efficient as with the conventional ultrasonic system (U: 0.199 mm2/s, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The present in vitro study indicates that the efficiency of calculus removal with the Vector-system is significantly dependent on the selection of inserts and irrigation fluids.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Detection of subgingival calculus with a novel LED-based optical probe.

BACKGROUND: A recently introduced detection device is designed for objective subgingival calculus diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to assess the possibility of detecting subgingival calculus with this novel LED-based optical probe in vitro. METHODS: Twenty extracted human teeth with calculus on the root surface were fixed on a translation stage. Measurements on the root surface were carried out in increments of 0.25 mm with an angulation of 0 to 10 degrees , 45 degrees , or 90 degrees to the optical fiber. Teeth were covered either with sodium chloride (NaCl) or blood in order to determine the influence of ambient fluids. Successional areas of positive measurements were defined as "length of positive values" (LPV). The results were compared to the clinical and histological findings. RESULTS: Clinically and histologically apparent calculus on the root surface was accompanied by positive measurement values. A reduction of the angulation between probe and root surface resulted in shorter LPV when measurements were performed in blood (P <0.05) and longer LPV employing NaCl as the ambient fluid (P <0.05). For both blood and NaCl, sensitivity and/or specificity values decreased when using lower angulations. CONCLUSION: The optical probe offers the possibility of subgingival calculus detection and may, therefore, be suited to determine the endpoint of root surface instrumentation during non-surgical periodontal therapy.

Dental Calculus↗

PubMed2004

Bone formation in the presence of platelet-rich plasma vs. bone morphogenetic protein-7.

Growth factors contained in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) have recently been proposed to enhance maturation of bone grafts and, in combination with anorganic bovine bone, to support repair in the treatment of small bone defects in maxillofacial surgery. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) carried in a matrix may be able to replace the autologous bone graft in the treatment of critical size defects. However, no studies have compared the bone stimulating capacity of PRP and BMP. Likewise there is no data comparing the effects of PRP in either an autologous bone graft or in anorganic bovine bone. We augmented the mandible of Wistar rats (n = 28) on both sides with either anorganic bovine bone (Bio-Oss) or autologous rib bone. On the test side we applied either 20 microl of autologous PRP or 10 microl of rhBMP-7 (4 groups, n = 7). In addition, bone induction was evaluated in an extraskeletal site (n = 14). A polychrome sequential labeling was performed. The animals were sacrificed by intra-vital perfusion on day 50. Undecalcified ground sections were evaluated by microradiography, digitized histomorphometry and under fluorescent light. The qualitative analysis of fluorochrome labels suggested that PRP and rhBMP-7 accelerated bone growth. However, histomorphometric analysis revealed no significant differences in the area of newly mineralized bone under either the influence of PRP or rhBMP-7 on autologous bone graft. Likewise, the addition of PRP to anorganic bovine bone showed no statistical difference to the control group. The strongest bone stimulating effect was seen for the combination of rhBMP-7 with anorganic bovine bone (p = 0.028). In the extraskeletal model, newly formed bone was evident in the presence of rhBMP-7, but not of PRP. In conclusion, according to the histomorphometry, the addition of platelet-rich plasma failed to enhance bone formation on anorganic bovine bone and on autologous bone grafts.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Sinus floor augmentation with simultaneous placement of dental implants in the presence of platelet-rich plasma or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible benefit of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in sinus grafting as compared with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7). For this purpose, we performed a bilateral sinus augmentation with anorganic bovine bone and simultaneous insertion of a titanium screw implant in five miniature pigs. Six hundred microliters of PRP and 15%-vol. autologous bone, which was collected with a trap during preparation of the implant recipient site, were added to the right sinus and 420 microl rhBMP-7 to the left sinus. A polychrome sequential labeling was performed. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after surgery. Undecalcified ground sections were evaluated by microradiography, digitized histomorphometry and under fluorescent light. The mean bone-implant contact using rhBMP-7 was 45.8% and 5.7% under PRP (P=0.002). The mean height of newly mineralized bone in the augmented area using rhBMP-7 amounted to 8.3 mm as opposed to 3.6 mm under PRP (P=0.013). Using PRP, the mean area of the newly formed bone was enhanced (51.3%) as compared with rhBMP-7 (33.1%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.081). In conclusion, under the selected experimental conditions the use of rhBMP-7 led to superior outcomes with regard to the osseointegration of dental implants and the height of new bone as compared with the use of PRP.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline as adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. A review.

BACKGROUND: Subantimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD--20 mg doxycycline twice daily) is indicated as an adjunctive treatment for periodontitis. Doxycycline downregulates the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), key destructive enzymes in periodontal disease. Current understanding of periodontal pathogenesis suggests that MMPs play a major role in the destruction of periodontal tissues, leading to the clinical signs of periodontitis. Research supports that downregulation of MMPs by SDD confers benefit to patients with periodontitis. METHOD: We review the clinical, microbiological and safety data relating to the use of SDD in patients with periodontitis, and consider the historical events that led to the development of adjunctive SDD as a treatment for periodontitis. RESULTS: Studies have shown that SDD, when prescribed as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), results in statistically and clinically significant gains in clinical attachment levels and reductions in probing depths over and above those that are achieved by SRP alone. SRP must be thorough and performed to the highest standard to maximise the benefits of adjunctive SDD. SDD does not result in antibacterial effects, or lead to the development of resistant strains or the acquisition of multiantibiotic resistance. The frequency of adverse events is low, and does not differ significantly from placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Adjunctive SDD confers clinical benefit to patients with periodontitis. A comprehensive treatment strategy is suggested, involving patient education and motivation, reduction of the bacterial burden by SRP, host response modulation with SDD, and periodontal risk factor modification.

Chemotherapy, Adjuvant↗

PubMed2004

Significant influence of scaler tip design on root substance loss resulting from ultrasonic scaling: a laserprofilometric in vitro study.

OBJECTIVES: Ultrasonic scalers have become increasingly popular for subgingival debridement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of different working tip designs (narrow versus wide) on root substance loss caused by either magnetostrictive or piezoelectric ultrasonic devices. METHODS: In this in vitro study, a magnetostrictive ultrasonic system with either Slimline or TFI-10 inserts and a piezoelectric ultrasonic system with either Perioprobe or Type-A inserts were compared at different application forces. Loss of root dentin was determined by defect width, defect depth and defect volume resulting from standardized instrumentation using laser profilometry. RESULTS: There were consistent and statistically significant differences between all groups. The mean observed dentin alterations for the magnetostrictive ultrasonic device operating a Slimline insert at a lateral force of 0.3 N were 254.4 microm, 6.3 microm and 22.5 microm3 and for the TFI-10 tip 759.0 microm, 23.5 microm and 160.2 microm3 for the parameters defect width, depth and volume, respectively. For the piezoelectric ultrasonic system operating a Perioprobe insert, the corresponding mean values were 352.0 microm/12.1 microm/56.4 microm3 and for the universal Type-A insert they were 402.4 microm/14.0 microm/133.4 microm3. With application forces of 0.7 N, root substance removal increased up to twofold. CONCLUSION: The present investigation could demonstrate that the aggressiveness of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric ultrasonic devices to root substance was significantly influenced by the scaler tip designs, increasing for wider scaler tips as compared with narrow, probe-shaped inserts.

Dental Instruments↗

PubMed2004

A randomized clinical trial comparing enamel matrix derivative and membrane treatment of buccal Class II furcation involvement in mandibular molars. Part I: Study design and results for primary outcomes.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this multicenter, randomized trial was to compare enamel matrix derivative (EMD; test) with barrier membranes (control) for the treatment of mandibular buccal Class II furcation defects. METHODS: Forty-five patients with 90 comparable defects on contralateral molars were included. Defects were randomly assigned to EMD or bioabsorbable barrier membrane; the contralateral defect received the alternative treatment. Assessments at baseline and 8 and 14 months included gingival margin levels, probing depths, bleeding on probing, vertical attachment levels, and vertical bone sounding from a stent at five buccal sites/ tooth. Defect dimensions were recorded at surgery and during reentry at 14 months. Change of open horizontal furcation depth was the primary outcome variable. Adverse reactions and patient perceptions were also noted. RESULTS: Both treatment modalities led to significant clinical improvements. The median reduction of open horizontal furcation depth was 2.8 mm with the corresponding interquartile interval (1.5 mm, 3.5 mm) at test sites compared with 1.8 mm (1.0 mm, 2.8 mm) at control sites. The Hodges-Lehmann estimator of the advantage (reduction test versus control) was 0.75 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.125 mm, 1.375 mm, P = 0.033, Wilcoxon). The frequency of complete furcation closure was 8/45 (test) and 3/45 (control); partial closure, 27/45 in both groups; no change, 9/45 and 11/45, respectively; and deterioration, 1/45 and 4/45, respectively. The frequency of no pain or no swelling at 1 week post-surgery was 62% and 44%, respectively, at the test sites and 12% and 6% at the control sites. CONCLUSION: There was a significantly greater reduction in horizontal furcation depth and a comparatively lower incidence of postoperative pain/swelling following enamel matrix derivative compared to membrane therapy.

Absorbable Implants↗

PubMed2004

A randomized clinical trial comparing enamel matrix derivative and membrane treatment of buccal class II furcation involvement in mandibular molars. Part II: secondary outcomes.

BACKGROUND: This multicenter, randomized trial compared enamel matrix derivative (EMD) with barrier membranes for the treatment of Class II mandibular furcations with regard to secondary outcomes. The influence of furcation morphology on the effectiveness of either treatment was also evaluated. METHODS: Forty-eight patients (age range 28 to 73 years; 22 females, 26 males) with buccal Class II furcation involvements in both contralateral lower first or second molars were included. After initial periodontal treatment, defects were randomized to either EMD or bioabsorbable guided tissue regeneration (GTR) barrier. Study design and the results for the primary parameter were previously described. Results of the following secondary outcome variables are reported here: changes of the hard tissue boundaries describing the anatomical situation of the furcation defect and changes in the following clinical parameters between baseline and 14 months: plaque, level of gingival margin, probing depth, bleeding on probing, attachment level, and bone sounding at five sites/tooth at the buccal side. Descriptive statistics were applied for changes in clinical parameters and measurements of hard tissue boundaries. The differences observed under treatment with EMD or membrane were analyzed by means of the Wilcoxon two-sample test. The difference between the effect of the EMD and membrane treatment was estimated by means of the Hodges-Lehmann estimator. RESULTS: Overall, similar healing results were observed for both treatments. However, there was slightly more recession in the mid-furcation site following membrane treatment (P = 0.04). Additionally, different treatment effects could be detected for the distances from the stent or cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to the buccal bone crest, mid-distal root (Pstent = 0.01; PCEJ = 0.07) and for the distance from the stent or CEJ to the buccal bone crest, mid-mesial root (Pstent = 0.01; PCEJ = 0.01). There was no measurable bone resorption in EMD sites, whereas a slight resorption occurred with membrane treatment. Furcation morphology at the time of surgery was not associated with clinical outcome, irrespective of the treatment. CONCLUSION: With regard to secondary outcome parameters, enamel matrix derivative treatment led to a similar regenerative result as the membrane procedure.

Absorbable Implants↗

PubMed2004

Plaque removing capacity of a novel high pressure water irrigator.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the capacity of a novel oral water irrigator to remove established plaque deposits. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomized two-treatment, crossover, examiner-blinded clinical trial. The plaque removing capability of a prototype oral irrigator was compared to a conventional electric toothbrush. After 48 hours of plaque accumulation the 35 subjects were randomly assigned to professional plaque removal by either oral irrigation or by electric toothbrushing for a timed 2-minute total cleaning. Pre- and post cleaning plaque was disclosed and gingival abrasions were identified. Plaque was assessed on gingival and approximal surfaces of the oral and buccal sites according to the Rustogi et al modification of the Modified Navy Plaque Index. The assessment of gingival abrasions was performed according to the method introduced by Danser et al. RESULTS: The overall plaque removing capacity of the oral irrigator reached approximately 40.7 +/- 16.7% as compared to 71.6 +/- 11.5% by the electric toothbrush. Similar effects were observed for the gingival and approximal areas. The electric toothbrush caused significantly more gingival abrasions than the oral irrigator.

Adult↗