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Biomedical subjects

Saburo Kishimoto

Publications and source records attributed to Saburo Kishimoto.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Characteristics of skin surface morphology and transepidermal water loss in clinically normal-appearing skin of patients with atopic dermatitis: a video-microscopy study.

In patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), it is debatable whether clinically normal-appearing skin is equal to non-atopic normal skin. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the characteristics of normal-appearing skin of AD. We examined the value of skin surface morphological changes using a new, simple, computer-assisted method with a video microscope. We also investigated the physiological function as represented by transepidermal water loss (TEWL) levels in 44 patients with AD and 15 normal controls. The morphological changes were represented by a variation coefficient score that reflected the irregularity of skin ridges, named the surface irregularity index (SII). There were significant differences between the normal-appearing skin of AD and non-atopic normal skin in both SII (P<0.001) and in TEWL (P<0.01). Especially for the SII, there were significant differences between AD subgroups subdivided by peripheral blood eosinophil count (Eo), serum lactate dehydrogenase level, and clinical score. TEWL values were significantly higher in the high-Eo AD group (n=15) than in the low-Eo AD group (n=29) (P<0.05). These findings indicate that clinically normal-appearing skin of AD patients with high disease activity differs from non-atopic normal skin in both surface morphology and physiology and that these changes reflect the current disease activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The characteristics of patients with atopic dermatitis demonstrating a positive reaction in a scratch test after 48 hours against house dust mite antigen.

The clinical characteristics of patients in whom an IgE-mediated reaction against house dust mite (HDM) antigens that contribute to the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) remain unclear. This study attempted to elucidate the characteristics of patients who exhibit a positive reaction 48 hr or later against HDM in scratch tests. The reactions after epi-cutaneous application of the allergen to skin with prior scratching were observed for one week in sixteen AD patients showing positive immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions for HDM. Fifty percent of the patients demonstrated positive reactions at 48 hours after epi-cutaneous application of HDM. Significantly higher values were demonstrated in the group positive for HDM after 48 h in serum total IgE, specific IgE for Der f 1, and lactate dehydrogenase, peripheral eosinophil counts, eruption score, and the area of eruption than in the group negative for HDM after 48 h. Domestic exposure to Der f 1 was also higher in the group positive for HDM after 48 h than in the negative group. These results indicate that the patients in whom the HDM-induced reaction continuing more than 48 h and contributing to their real eczematous eruptions are characterized by considerably increased levels of specific IgE for HDM antigens, high disease activity in AD, and increased exposure to domestic HDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effects of tacrolimus ointment on facial eruption, itch, and scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis.

The action of tacrolimus ointment on pruritus in atopic dermatitis is still unclear. In this open study we investigated both the relationship between the severity of eruptions and the degree of itch and scratching in patients with atopic dermatitis and the effects of topical tacrolimus on these symptoms. Seventy adults with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis with facial eruptions that were recalcitrant to topical steroids applied a 0.1% tacrolimus ointment twice per day after discontinuation of topical steroid. The eruption scores and an assessment of the itch and scratching were recorded for 12 weeks. Oral antihistamine was prescribed at least one month before the study and continued unchanged during the study in each patient. The percentage reduction in the score of itch and scratching after two weeks (n=59) was significantly higher than in the score of eruption. Although there was no significant relationship between the severity of the eruptions and the degree of itch and scratching during steroid application, a relationship became significant after four weeks (n=59) of tacrolimus use by a one-factor ANOVA analysis. This suggests that tacrolimus ointment is effective for the itch and scratching in cases where degrees might be discrepant from the severity of eruptions in patients with recalcitrant facial eruptions of AD.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2003

Increased levels of serum interleukin-16 in adult type atopic dermatitis.

Interleukin (IL)-16 serves as a natural ligand of CD4 molecules and induces chemotaxis in CD4-expressing cells such as T cells, eosinophils, dendritic cells and monocytes. We examined the serum levels of IL-16 in patients with adult atopic dermatitis when their eruptions were aggravated and in non-atopic healthy controls, and then analysed the possible correlation between these values and the levels of several clinical markers. The serum levels of IL-16 were significantly higher in patients with atopic dermatitis than in the controls--both in exacerbation status and after conventional treatment. Multiple regression analyses showed that serum IL-16 was a predictor of the eosinophil count. Circulating IL-16 levels decreased significantly in patients with atopic dermatitis after topical treatment with corticosteroids or tacrolimus. These findings provide evidence that IL-16 plays a role in the exacerbation of chronic adult atopic dermatitis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

Localized cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita on the back of a young man.

We report the clinical and light microscopic features of a case of cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita with a painful refractory ulcer that was found on the back of a young Japanese man. The ulcer was positioned on the upper back over the spinal bone. In addition to the anatomical location of the ulcer, the vascular ectases may have played a part in the refractory ulceration.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Immunolocalization of fibroblast growth factor receptors in normal and wounded human skin.

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been shown to play diverse roles in various tissues. To define their sites of action in normal human skin and during wound healing, we determined the protein expression of the four known fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) in normal and wounded human skin by immunohistochemistry. Four receptors (FGFR-1 to FGFR-4) showed distinct patterns of expression in normal skin. Expression of FGFR-1 was widespread in the epidermis, appendages, arrector pili muscles, blood vessels, and dermal fibroblasts. Intense expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-4 was seen in the arrector pili muscles and smooth muscle cells of vessels. In the epidermis, the basal layer showed immunoreactivity for FGFR-2, whereas the suprabasal layers and the inner layers of hair follicles showed strong immunoreactivity for FGFR-3. In wounded skin, there was strong expression of FGFR-1 and FGFR-3, and moderate expression of FGFR-2 and FGFR-4 in the basal layer in newly forming epidermis. In granulation tissues, neocapillaries expressed all four FGFRs, fibroblasts/myofibroblasts expressed FGFR-1 and FGFR-3, and mononuclear inflammatory cells expressed FGFR-1 and FGFR-3. Our results suggest that the differences in the spatial patterns of FGFR expression in normal skin may generate functional diversity in response to FGFs and that in wounded skin, FGFs may function in wound healing via the induced FGFRs.

Burns↗
PubMed2002

Inhibitory effects of oral prednisolone and fexofenadine on skin responses by prick tests with histamine and compound 48/80.

The prick test is a useful skin test for diagnosing immediate hypersensitivity response. Sometimes it is necessary to perform prick tests on patients who have already received antihistamines or corticosteroids. It is, however, occasionally uncertain whether the results of prick tests are reliable. In this study, the inhibitory effects of prednisolone (10 mg/day) and fexofenadine (120 mg/day) on the response to prick tests induced with histamine and compound 48/80 were examined. During a 7-day-continual drug administration, prick tests were performed 8 h after drug administration. The inhibitory effects of fexofenadine on both the histamine- and compound 48/80-induced skin responses were exhibited on the 1st day and persisted from 24 to 36 h after the final administration. The histamine-induced wheal responses were not inhibited by prednisolone, while the compound 48/80-induced flare and wheal responses were significantly inhibited on the 5th day of drug administration. These responses returned to the baseline level 24 h after the last drug administration. Thus, the results of skin tests performed during administration of antihistamines and corticosteroids should be carefully interpreted.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Combination of calcipotriol and clobetasol propionate as a premixed ointment for the treatment of psoriasis.

The treatment of psoriasis requires good compliance, efficacy and low toxicity because of its long-term course and wide distribution. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of a once daily application of calcipotriol alone or calcipotriol and a superpotent steroid in a premixed form in patients with psoriasis. The monotherapy group of 32 patients with stable plaque psoriasis received 0.005% calcipotriol alone once daily. The combination group of 29 patients was treated once per day with 0.004% calcipotriol/0.01% clobetasol propionate as a premixed ointment. Eruption score of truncal involvement was evaluated. The combination regimen was more efficacious than the monotherapy as evidenced by (1) more patients with at least 50% reduction in the eruption score after 2 weeks, (2) lower eruption score after 6 weeks and later, and (3) less adverse effects. The combined once-per-day application of 0.004% calcipotriol/0.01% clobetasol propionate as a premixed ointment is a promising regimen for psoriasis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗