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Biomedical subjects

Sachiyo Murashima

Publications and source records attributed to Sachiyo Murashima.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Function and practice of public health nursing in Japan: a trial to develop the Japanese Purpose-Focused Public Health Nursing Model.

AIM: To clarify the significance of public health nurses' practice, we introduced the activities of Japanese public health nurses and tried to develop a model based on the purpose of their work. BACKGROUND: Despite international efforts toward clarifying public health nurses' practice, earlier models based on the purpose of their activities were underdeveloped. METHOD: Japanese terms describing public health nurses' activities were gathered from the literature, nine researchers analysed and brainstormed the activities to develop a model. Seven municipality public health nurses and three researchers in both Japan and the USA validated the model. RESULTS: The model includes three categories: creating the basis for support; working with individuals, families to enhance their health; and enhancing the health of individuals, families, groups, communities/regions by working with the community. CONCLUSION: The Japanese Purpose-Focused Public Health Nursing Model was based on the purpose of public health nurses' practice which was considered significant for assisting public health nurses to explain the meaning of their work.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

[Development of a Japanese Version of the Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS), and examination of its validity and reliability].

The purposes of this study were to develop a Japanese version of the multi-dimensional Work-Family Conflict Scale (WFCS) and to examine its reliability and validity. The original 18-item WFCS (Carlson, et al., 2000) has six dimensions of conflict which consist of time-based work interference with family (WIF), time-based family interference with work (FIW), strain-based WIF, strain-based FIW, behavior based WIF, and behavior-based FIW. We developed a Japanese version of the WFCS from the original WFCS which is written in English by the following procedure: forward translation and back translation by several researchers including a native English speaker, and finally, gaining the approval of Carlson et al., the original authors. A self-administered questionnaire including the WFCS was distributed to 180 permanent contract, information technology (IT) engineers with pre-school children, who were employed at 24 IT companies, each with over 300 employees. Test-retest was conducted on a different group of 34 parents whose children were attending nursery school. Cronbach's reliability coefficients for the six subscales ranged from 0.77 to 0.92, showing sufficiently high internal consistency. Only the internal correlation coefficient between behavior-based WIF and behavior-based FIW was above 0.60, indicating that discriminant validity exists among most of the sub-scales. Also, upon comparison of confirmatory factor analysis results among five models, the six-factor model, which is the same model used in the original WFCS, showed the best fit (chi-square=231.82, df=129, CFI=0.95, AIC=315.82, RMSEA=0.07), demonstrating construct validity. On test-retest, weighted kappa coefficients of each item and the intra-class correlations of six subscales, indicated adequate reproducibility. These results suggest that the Japanese version of the WFCS may be a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the conflict between work and family in Japanese workers.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Tacit knowledge of public health nurses in identifying community health problems and need for new services: a case study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to explore the tacit knowledge of public health nurses in identifying community health problems and developing relevant new projects. Previous research only roughly showed those skills for creating new community health services, such as lobbying. METHOD: Nine Japanese public health nurses who had created new projects in their municipalities were selected by theoretical sampling and interviewed in 2002-2003. Yin's Case Study Method, especially the multiple-case study design, was used. RESULTS: All 9 public health nurses used similar approaches in identifying community health problems and the need for creating new services, even though their experiences differed and the kinds of projects varied. They identified the difficulties of clients, recognized clients who had the same problems, elucidated the limitations of existing services, and forecasted outcomes from the neglect of the clients' problems. Then they succeeded in creating a new project by examining individual health problems in the context of their community's characteristics, societal factors, and using existing policies to support their clients. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to explore the skills of public health nurses and their intention to use such skills in creating new projects as well as the exact process. They could identify community health problems that will be the basis for developing new services to provide care for individual clients. This is different from the traditional community assessment approach that requires the collection of a huge amount of information to clarify community health problems. The tacit knowledge of public health nurses will help to create needs-oriented new services more smoothly.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Social rehabilitation experiences of people with a history of Hansen's disease: interviews of readmitted residents in a sanatorium].

PURPOSE: This study focused on the reflections of people with a history of Hansen's disease who once experienced social life and then returned to their sanatorium again. The purpose was to clarify what they think about their experiences of social life outside of institutions. METHOD: Study participants were people with a history of Hansen's disease who had experienced social life outside of the sanatorium and are now living in a national sanatorium with good ADL. The study was based on a semi-structured interview, the data being categorized with the focus on "situations or topics affect by Hansen's disease". Thirteen people agreed to participate in the study. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Six categories were abstracted: "maintaining a good condition," "anxiety about relapse or illness," "medical service," "coping with Hansen's disease in social life," "relationships with others," and "means of livelihood." Hansen's disease affected their lives in 2 aspects; one was "sawagu (recurrence of the disease)" and the other "kakusu (concealing the disease)." "Sawagu" was related to "anxiety of the disease" and "intention of maintaining a good condition." "Kakusu" affected the way of "coping with the disease in social life" and "the relationship with others." "Medical service" was important for both "sawagu" and "kakusu." Patients were visiting hospitals and taking medicine to avoid "sawagu," while trying to "kakusu" when they consulted with physicians. Similarly, both "sawagu" and "kakusu" interacted with each other when the participants needed to work and earn a living. All participants looked back at their social life as a "good experience" because they were satisfied with the sense of accomplishment or fulfillment the experience had given them. CONCLUSION: Participants of the study looked back at their social life as a "good experience." Hansen's disease affected their social life in 2 aspects; "sawagu" and "kakusu." It is necessary to alleviate difficulties with both of these so that people with stigmatized disease such as Hansen's disease can maintain normal lives in society.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Assessments and nursing care for right brain-damaged stroke patients: focusing on neglect and related symptoms.

The purpose of present study was to identify the behavioural characteristics and examine assessments of nursing care among right brain-damaged stroke patients with neglect within 1 year following initial onset. Characteristics related to higher cerebral dysfunction were extracted and patient grouping was attempted through cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination) and physical function (Barthel Index) plots. The characteristics and implications for nursing care for each group were analyzed. Twelve patients were classified into four groups using cognitive-physical function evaluations together with subjective and objective data associated with neglect. 'Neglect' has been regarded as a disorder of spatial perception. However, the characteristics observed in Group 2 suggest that 'neglect' may have another facet, manifesting as disorders in perceiving continuous spatio-temporal changes of an action and comprehending the context of a situation. In these patients, although 'by calling attention' is the conventional care, more appropriate care should be provided based on an assessment of cognitive-physical function and spatio-temporal recognition of an action.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

[Processes and strategies for developing public health nurse directed community health projects in municipalities of Japan--focusing on setting agendas and making project alternatives].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore processes and strategies for developing community health projects directed by public health nurses (PHNs) in municipalities of Japan. METHOD: Yin's case study design was adopted into the 5-step Policy Making Process Model as the theoretical framework. The first two steps involving agenda setting and project planning were the focus of this study. PHNs who had developed new community health projects in municipalities were interviewed as study participants. In order to maintain the quality of projects at a certain level, only these approved officially by municipalities with a program and budget were selected. RESULTS: Common strategies emerged for developing community health projects in the cases presented by the 5 PHNs. Out of 891 codes, twenty-six sub-categories were identified and integrated into 9 categories. When categories were analyzed in a time series, the following common processes were found: integration of related data, identification of the health problems in the community and recognition of project needs (Phase 1); refining the concept and characteristics of the project plan (Phase 2); and assuring that resources were available for the optimal implementation of the project by consolidating ideas (Phase 3). In Phase 1, PHNs integrated the information about previous experimental cases or social circumstances to identify community health problems needing solution. PHNs' thoughts were given to problems of existing projects and daily practices were grouped to make comprehensive plans for improvement. In Phase 2, PHNs discussed ideas for the project plans and considered resources and strategies that were necessary for putting new projects into place. In Phase 3, PHNs were attentive to the factors reviewed in Phase 2, kept account of necessary resources, and made certain of timing for immediate implementation of plans. The dual roles of PHNs, both as nurses and public servants, helped to clarify and solve the community health problems. CONCLUSION: Common strategies of developing programs were explored; "Identifying the community health problems through analyzing the causes of difficult cases," "Recognizing the necessity of coverall-projects which will improve the existing projects," "Understanding the awareness of those involved and discuss ideas for the project plan." The findings have based solely on the experiences of PHNs, they can provide suggestions that are keys to efficient development of new projects.

Cities↗
PubMed2003

[Public health nurses' activities after the initiation of long-term care insurance (Part 1). Focus on operations for long-term care insurance].

OBJECTIVE: We conducted a nationwide questionnaire survey to elucidate the present status of public health nurses (PHNs) after initiation of the Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system, in order to study the influence of the allocation of PHNs upon the performance of the system. METHODS: In March 2001, a questionnaire was mailed to 1,344 municipalities throughout Japan (all cities and 23 wards in Tokyo; one quarter of towns/villages). RESULTS: Responses to the questionnaire were received from 569 (42.3%). The largest percentage (36.4%) of PHNs was assigned to Elderly Health, 29.8% was assigned to Maternal and Child Health, and 10.2% assigned to the LTCI. Among LTCI operations, follow-up of individuals not certified as requiring care, guidance for the family caregiver, and counseling/grievance procedures were performed with participation of PHNs in more than 80% of municipalities. In urban areas, PHNs participated in training/guidance/advice for care certification investigators/care managers, guidance for service providers, and preparation/coordination for the Certification Committee for Long-Term Care Need in 60-80% municipalities, while those who participated in these activities were only 30-60% in towns/villages. The participation ratios were highest in municipalities where PHNs were allocated to the LTCI department for almost all of the activities except individual counseling. More PHNs from LTCI departments participated in certificating of care need and improving quality of care plans/services than from other departments in offices of municipalities. On the other hand, more PHNs in Welfare or Public Health-Welfare sections than in the LTCI were involved in individual counseling, guidance for both clients and caregivers, or in case management. Training or guidance for service providers was conducted in nearly 50% of municipalities and the performance rates were lower in towns/villages. In open-ended items of the questionnaire, the following problems were mentioned: difficulties in collaboration between sections; large workloads for certification of care need/care management, and difficulties in capturing information about clients. CONCLUSION: The allocation of PHN influences the activities of the LTCI system, especially in relation to quality assurance. Recently, the sections to which PHNs are posted have expanded to include LTCI and Welfare. While improvement in the quality of LTCI services is anticipated, efforts are needed to strengthen collaboration among different departments. In towns/villages, performance rates of activities such as guidance for service providers of LTCI are low, suggesting the support from prefectural health centers in necessary.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Family caregiving of the elderly and Long-Term Care Insurance in rural Japan.

In this study, data were used from a qualitative research study and a literature review to present the characteristics of family caregiving for the elderly in rural Japan, and changes and issues related to home care since the recent implementation of Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) for the Elderly. The results of a quantitative study are also used to describe the perceptions of public health nurses about their role in the LTCI, and the future role of Japanese nurses in rural Japan is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Factors influencing the utilization of visiting nursing and home-help services].

PURPOSE: To identify the respective characteristics of clients using visiting nursing service and home-help service. Since the past, research on the utilization of in-home care services has usually focused on different services collectively. METHODS: Interviews using structured questionnaires were carried out with 134 elderly individuals who were selected in October 1997 from the list for home visit of public health nurses in a town with a population of 36,000. With regard to the utilization of visiting nursing as well as home-help service, the relationship with three factors of the conceptual Andersen's model (predisposing factor, needs factor, enabling factor) were examined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of the 134 subjects, 38.1% utilized visiting nursing service and 36.6% used home-help services. Use of visiting nursing service was significantly associated with variables such as declining ADL in the elderly, hospitalization within the past two years, less caregiving by family members, and less resistance to service-use by caregivers. On the other hand, use of home help service was related to less caregiving by family members and resources of visiting nursing. The clients who used both visiting nursing and home-help service had more difficulty with caregiving by family members compared to those who used only nursing service, and the latter were inferior in them of physical conditions, including ADL, to those who employed only home-helpers. CONCLUSION: The factors promoting the use of visiting nursing are different to some extent from those for home-help service. Clients using both are characterized by the presence of a broader variety needs.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Home care nursing in Japan: a challenge for providing good care at home.

Home care in Japan has developed over the past 30 years. Nurses have taken leadership in promoting home care and at the same time have expanded their roles. The roles of Japanese nurses in the field of home care are presented in the context of the historical perspective and view for the future. Home care nurses have performed care management for their community as well as for individual older clients living in their community. Currently, nurses work as high-tech and personal care providers and are developing a new role in health care enterprises. The number of nurses working as clinical nurse specialists will increase consistently with the rapid increase of master's programs. In the future, nurses should take a lead in developing health policy. The purpose of the article is to describe the current situation of home care clients and home care nursing in Japan. In addition, four issues of home care in Japan are described related to home care for older persons, high-tech home care, terminal care, and home care for psychiatric patients.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effectiveness of the around-the-clock in-home care system: did it prevent the institutionalization of frail elderly?

This study compares two communities in Japan from the perspective of community health care resources and their use by the elderly during 1992-98. In one community, programs of home care services for the elderly were reorganized to provide around-the-clock in-home nursing and home help services seven days a week (ACC). Official records were the major sources of data. Evidence from the analysis indicated that ACC might contribute to less use of institutionalization as an alternative to home care, even though, in some instances, institutionalization is the only appropriate alternative.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exploring nursing education in the People's Republic of China, Japan and Turkey.

The global nursing shortage has caused competition and cooperation between countries desperate for registered nurses (RNs), and has led to an increase in migration and international recruitment of nurses. Some nursing diplomas or degrees earned in one country may not be transferable to another. As a result, there is growing interest in common standards and competencies of entry-level nurses to guide future registered nurse agreements between countries or multi-country licensure programs. An exploratory study was conducted to investigate how entry-level nurses are educated throughout the world. The researchers sent a nursing education questionnaire to nurse educators in eleven countries inviting them to participate in the study. Nurse educators from The People's Republic of China, Japan and Turkey were the first to agree to participate in the study. They responded to questions about their country's nursing history, types of nursing programs, use of national nursing licensing examination, and social and political influences on nursing education. The nurse researchers did an analysis and comparison of the nursing education in each country.

China↗