Sadhu C Mohapatra | PubMed Health

PubMed2006

An objective assessment of demography of gallbladder cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal disease with a wide geographical, ethnic, and cultural variation suggesting major environmental influences such as diet and life style factors in the development of disease. An objective assessment of demographic profile and full implication of these features to recognize the population at risk is needed. This study was therefore undertaken to study the demography of GBC in Varanasi. METHODS: A retrospective study as a case-control model comprised 328 cases of GBC and 328 controls with gallstone disease (GSD). The relevant demographic data were collected and analyzed for identification of independent significant features and for the risk of GBC based on these features by calculating odds ratio. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: GBC predominantly a disease of females belonged to fourth and fifth decade of life. Among 328 cases of GBC only 75 were male and 253 female (M:F = 1:3.37). Majority of GBC patients were above 40 years and multiparous females. Family history of GBC was higher in GBC patients. Majority of GBC patients were of low socioeconomic status and hailed from rural background. This group tends to consume open mustard oil and water from hand pump. This study emphasizes the usefulness of demographic evaluation in diagnosis of GBC and a systematic approach to assessment of demographic features of GBC is recommended.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Correlates between vegetable consumption and gallbladder cancer.

The results of several studies indicate that a diet rich in fresh vegetables protects against several common epithelial neoplasms. This probable effect has been related to specific micronutrients contained in vegetables. In the present case-control study a systematic assessment of the relationship between vegetable intake and the risk of gallbladder cancer has been undertaken. The study is of particular interest in order to better understand the quantifying effect of vegetable consumption with regard to gallbladder cancer. One hundred and fifty-three patients with gallbladder cancer and 153 controls with gallstone disease were included. Each patient's consumption of vegetables was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire. The frequency of vegetable consumption was divided into three levels: > or =3 days/week, 1-2 days/week and no or rare consumption. Participants were divided into three groups according to the level of vegetable intake. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed for subsequent levels of vegetable consumption compared with the high level of consumption. A low consumption of vegetables showed an increase in odds ratio for gallbladder cancer for almost all the vegetables studied. A significant inverse trend was observed for green leafy vegetables and gallbladder cancer. An inverse association was observed for amaranth with an OR of 3.45 for the low vs. high level of consumption. Corresponding values were 2.14 for spinach, 1.86 for bathua, 1.02 for bengalgram leaves, 2.26 for cabbage, 3.06 for fenugreek leaves, 1.95 for mustard leaves and 1.44 for radish leaves. An inverse relationship between the risk of gallbladder cancer and the level of vegetable consumption was observed.

Case-Control Studies↗