Biomedical subjects

Sajad A Hayat

Publications and source records attributed to Sajad A Hayat.

5 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Comparison between myocardial contrast echocardiography and single-photon emission computed tomography for predicting transmurality of acute myocardial infarction.

Contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) has been shown to accurately assess transmural extent of infarction, which is an excellent predictor of long-term improvement in contractile function. We assessed the relative accuracy of myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to predict transmural extent of infarction after acute myocardial infarction. MCE, SPECT, and CMR were performed in 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction 7 to 10 days after thrombolysis. CMR was used to divide the transmural extent of infarction into 5 groups: 0%, 1% to 25%, 26% to 50%, 51% to 75%, and 76% to 100% in dysfunctional segments. MCE and SPECT were compared with assessment grades of transmural extent of infarction. There was a significant relation (p<0.0001) between decreasing contrast intensity as assessed qualitatively by MCE and increasing transmural extent of infarction on CMR as was the case for SPECT. The accuracy of MCE (77%) to predict>50% transmural extent of infarction (nonviable myocardium) was significantly (p=0.02) superior to that of SPECT (70%). Absence of uptake on MCE and SPECT virtually ruled out 25% transmural extent of infarction (84% vs 76%, p=0.03). MCE and SPECT correlate well with the transmural extent of infarction. However, MCE is significantly more accurate in predicting >50% of the transmural extent of infarction and more sensitive in identifying <or=25% of the transmural extent of infarction than SPECT.

Cohort Studies↗

PubMed2006

Contrast echocardiography for the assessment of myocardial viability.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The availability of an accurate, non-invasive method for distinguishing viable from irreversibly damaged myocardium, after acute myocardial infarction or in chronic coronary artery disease, is important in clinical decision making. Such a tool would enable physicians to identify patients most likely to benefit from revascularization strategies in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Myocardial contrast echocardiography is a new technique that utilizes acoustically active gas-filled microspheres (microbubbles), which remain exclusively in the intravascular space and allow the simultaneous assessment of global and regional myocardial structure, function, and perfusion. An increasing body of data supports its role in assessing myocardial viability and predicting the recovery of function. RECENT FINDINGS: Myocardial contrast echocardiography accurately differentiates 'stunning' from necrosis, delineates transmural extent of infarction, predicts recovery of regional and global left ventricular systolic function in the recuperative phase, identifies patients at high risk of left ventricular remodelling, and provides incremental viability data when performed in conjunction with low-dose dobutamine echocardiography. SUMMARY: Technological advances have positioned myocardial contrast echocardiography as a safe, practical bedside technique for the evaluation of myocardial viability. It has comparable accuracy with other non-invasive imaging techniques, such as dobutamine stress echocardiography, radionuclide scintigraphy and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Coronary Artery Disease↗

PubMed2005

Safety: the heart of the matter.

An integral part of evaluation of cardiac disease in modern day medicine is echocardiography. It has made great strides since the initial collaboration of Dr. Helmut Hertz and Dr. Inge Edler. In its modern day form, echocardiography maintains a legacy of a bedside utility while adopting many of the technologic advances ushered in by the digital era. As a result, it boasts a broad and growing spectrum of application including routine use in primary cardiac diagnosis and screening, therapeutic assessment, and guidance of interventional and surgical procedures. With the advent of ultrasound contrast agents it is now arguably the most complete 'one-stop' investigational tool to assess cardiac structure, function and perfusion. However, has it maintained its safety profile? The familiar and oft quoted dictum in medicine of "first do no harm" is of great importance for any diagnostic tool and patient safety should remain a primary consideration for any new investigational technique. In this issue Cosyns' et al. have examined whether some of the theoretical and in vitro experimental concerns surrounding myocardial injury during and following contrast echocardiography result in any detectable change in cardiac function.

Cardiomyopathies↗

PubMed2004

Diabetic cardiomyopathy: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.

Independent of the severity of coronary artery disease, diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing heart failure. This clinical entity has been considered to be a distinct disease process referred to as 'diabetic cardiomyopathy'. Experimental studies suggest that extensive metabolic perturbations may underlie both functional and structural alterations of the diabetic myocardium. Translational studies are, however, limited and only partly explain why diabetic patients are at increased risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Although a range of diagnostic methods may help to characterize alterations in cardiac function in general, none are specific for the alterations in diabetes. Treatment paradigms are very much limited to interpretation and translation from the results of interventions in non-diabetic patients with heart failure. This suggests that there is an urgent need to conduct pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic studies specifically in diabetic patients with cardiomyopathy to better understand the factors which initiate and progress diabetic cardiomyopathy and to develop more effective treatments.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗

PubMed2002

Offloading diabetic foot wounds using the scotchcast boot: a retrospective study.

A retrospective study was conducted to evaluate treatment outcomes associated with the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers using the Scotchcast boot. Data were extracted from the records of 180 patients with diabetes, 150 (83.3%) male, with a mean age of 55.3 +/- 10.9 years undergoing treatment for noninfected, non-ischemic neuropathic diabetic foot wounds at a university teaching hospital's tertiary care outpatient clinic. All patients who met the criteria were treated with the Scotchcast boot as the sole form of pressure relief. The average follow-up for each patient was 85.9 +/- 30.6 months (range 34.2 to 147.7 months). The mean time to healing for all patients was 130.5 +/- 106.7 days. Superficial (Grade 1) wounds healed significantly faster than deep (Grade 3) wounds (111.5 +/- 98.2 versus 180.8 +/- 138.8 days, P = 0.01) and 144 (80%) wounds healed during the follow-up period. Of the 36 (20%) that did not heal with Scotchcast boot therapy, 10 went on to more proximal amputation (5.6% of total population), two required surgical intervention to heal their wounds (0.6% of total population), one patient died with an unhealed wound (0.6% of total population), 23 patients (12.8% of total population) were lost to follow-up, and 47 (26%) died. Experience and the results of this and other studies suggest that this removable modality may be useful in outpatient care of deeper or complex wounds that require frequent inspection, but a device that ensures compliance may be the preferred treatment of superficial wounds.

Analysis of Variance↗