Biomedical subjects

Sampath Chandra Prasad

Publications and source records attributed to Sampath Chandra Prasad.

6 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Early oral feeds in laryngectomized patients.

OBJECTIVES: It is a common practice to start oral feeding after 7 to 10 days in patients who have undergone laryngeal surgeries. It was our observation that when oral feeds were initiated earlier than this period, there was no increase in the incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistulas. This prospective study is about our experience in initiating early oral feeds in the postoperative period (on the 2nd day) in laryngectomized patients. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients underwent laryngectomy with or without partial pharyngectomy over a period of 38 months between October 2001 and December 2004. The oral feeds were initiated on the 2nd postoperative day in 40 patients. Thirty-eight patients served as controls in whom feeds were initiated after the 10th postoperative day. RESULTS: Only 1 patient in the study group and 2 patients in the control group developed pharyngocutaneous fistulas. Most patients in the control group wished to avoid nasogastric intubation in the recovery period because of discomfort, gastric symptoms, and the need to taste food. CONCLUSIONS: With this study we can assume that in a select group of patients, it is possible to initiate oral feeding much earlier in the postoperative period than was formerly thought.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Congenital laryngeal saccular cyst: report of a case in an infant.

Respiratory obstruction and stridor in infants and children are not uncommon. A rare cause of these life-threatening symptoms is congenital saccular cyst. An accurate diagnosis of saccular cyst can be made by eliciting a good history, by endoscopic visualization of the lesion, and by computed tomography. Endoscopic excision is the preferred treatment for infants, whereas an external approach is reserved for older children. It can be difficult for anesthetists to intubate infants when the anatomy of the larynx is distorted, but the choice of tracheotomy for an infant has many drawbacks as well. We discuss the clinical presentation and management of a 3-month-old boy who was brought to us with a congenital laryngeal saccular cyst.

Cysts↗

PubMed2006

Thyroglossal duct cyst: an unusual presentation.

Most thyroglossal duct cysts are located at or very close to the midline. They generally manifest as painless neck swellings, and they move on protrusion of the tongue and during deglutition. We describe a case of thyroglossal duct cyst that was unusual in that the cyst was located far from the midline, it did not move on protrusion of the tongue, and it was associated with symptoms of dysphagia and extensive neck swelling that mimicked a colloid goiter

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Pneumomediastinum due to tracheal foreign body granuloma.

Primary tracheal masses are rare. Secondary masses of the trachea are commonly foreign body granuloma, intubation granuloma or viral granuloma. The differential diagnoses given in such cases include both benign and malignant lesions. The otolaryngologist is often asked to perform a biopsy of the lesion to arrive at a diagnosis. However, even malignant processes can cause a granulomatous reaction. The timely diagnosis of tracheal masses depends upon maintaining a high index of suspicion. A rare case of tracheal granuloma leading to pneumomediastinum in a 53-year-old female is presented. The clinical features, investigations and treatment are detailed. The tracheal granuloma was managed by excision through bronchoscopy and the pneumomediastinum was managed conservatively.

Female↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A comprehensive study on lesions of the pinna.

PURPOSE: Pinna contributes enormously to the facial aesthesis. Lesions affecting the pinna can lead to overt disfigurement and change the entire appeal of the face. Gross deformity can occur because of a delay in diagnosis and mismanagement. The aim of our study was to determine the clinical presentation, relevant investigations, appropriate treatment, timing of surgical intervention, and complications encountered. Factors that predispose and aggravate the condition and their appropriate management are also discussed. The point to be emphasized is that a good clinical history and examination alone is sufficient to diagnose the conditions without the aid of any special investigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our clinical study comprised of 307 cases of men and women patients presenting with swelling of the pinna, who attended the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India, during the period of February 1992 to June 2002. Wide bore needle aspiration was done for the majority of cases of seroma and hematoma. Patients who had recurrence were managed by window procedure. Incision and drainage with or without curettage of diseased cartilage was performed for perichondritis. Other lesions like keloid, hemangioma, dermoid cyst, sebaceous cyst, and malignancy were managed by complete excision. A firm pressure dressing was applied in all cases after surgery. Majority of the cases were done under local anesthesia. RESULTS: Prompt surgical intervention under good antibiotic cover gave excellent results with minimal complications. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention at the earliest followed by a firm pressure dressing under antibiotic cover decreases the morbidity. Diabetes mellitus plays a significant role in few of the conditions and has to be simultaneously controlled.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

HIV manifestations in otolaryngology.

PURPOSE: AIDS is a fatal illness, which breaks down the body's immunity and leaves the victim vulnerable to life-threatening opportunistic infections, neurological disorders, or unusual malignancies. About 80% of patients with HIV infections present with otolaryngological symptoms. Often, the otolaryngologist is the primary physician who diagnoses the HIV infection. He should be aware and vigilant for its symptoms and unusual presentations. The aim of our study was to determine the incidence of otolaryngological manifestations, the clinical presentations, relevant diagnostic tools, management, and survival rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 968 patients who were diagnosed to have HIV infection at Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India, from January 1996 to December 2004. The incidence of otolaryngological manifestations was noted. Patients with opportunistic infections were treated by specific and symptomatic measures. Of 968 patients studied, 419 were followed up for a 5-year period. RESULTS: In our study, otolaryngological findings were noted in 79% of individuals. Oropharyngeal findings, which were the commonest, were seen in 59%, followed by cervical lymphadenopathy in 42% of patients. Oral candidiasis was the commonest oropharyngeal finding, seen in 39% of patients. Among nasal complaints, rhinosinusitis was the commonest, found in 17% of patients. Otological manifestations were seen in 20%, of which chronic suppurative otitis media was the commonest, seen in 13% of patients. Routine investigations were found to suffice for diagnosis. Of 419 patients who were followed up, the 5-year survival rate was 73%. CONCLUSION: With the increase in the number of AIDS cases, it is important for otolaryngologists to be aware of otolaryngological manifestations. Early diagnosis and timely intervention along with appropriate antiretroviral therapy improve survival rates.

Adolescent↗