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Sangeeta Mehta

Publications and source records attributed to Sangeeta Mehta.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

One-year outcomes in survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome.

BACKGROUND: As more patients survive the acute respiratory distress syndrome, an understanding of the long-term outcomes of this condition is needed. METHODS: We evaluated 109 survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome 3, 6, and 12 months after discharge from the intensive care unit. At each visit, patients were interviewed and underwent a physical examination, pulmonary-function testing, a six-minute-walk test, and a quality-of-life evaluation. RESULTS: Patients who survived the acute respiratory distress syndrome were young (median age, 45 years) and severely ill (median Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation score, 23) and had a long stay in the intensive care unit (median, 25 days). Patients had lost 18 percent of their base-line body weight by the time they were discharged from the intensive care unit and stated that muscle weakness and fatigue were the reasons for their functional limitation. Lung volume and spirometric measurements were normal by 6 months, but carbon monoxide diffusion capacity remained low throughout the 12-month follow-up. No patients required supplemental oxygen at 12 months, but 6 percent of patients had arterial oxygen saturation values below 88 percent during exercise. The median score for the physical role domain of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form General Health Survey (a health-related quality-of-life measure) increased from 0 at 3 months to 25 at 12 months (score in the normal population, 84). The distance walked in six minutes increased from a median of 281 m at 3 months to 422 m at 12 months; all values were lower than predicted. The absence of systemic corticosteroid treatment, the absence of illness acquired during the intensive care unit stay, and rapid resolution of lung injury and multiorgan dysfunction were associated with better functional status during the one-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Survivors of the acute respiratory distress syndrome have persistent functional disability one year after discharge from the intensive care unit. Most patients have extrapulmonary conditions, with muscle wasting and weakness being most prominent.

APACHE↗
PubMed2003

Acute oxygenation response to inhaled nitric oxide when combined with high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the oxygenation effect of inhaled nitric oxide (INO) delivered during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adult patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome and oxygenation failure. DESIGN Prospective, clinical study. SETTING: Intensive care unit of a university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 23 adults (14 women, 9 men, 44.9 +/- 17.5 yrs, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 28.6 +/- 7.1) with acute respiratory distress syndrome (lung injury score, 3.5 +/- 0.4) with Fio2 of > or = 0.6 and mean airway pressure of >or=28 cm H2O. INTERVENTIONS: INO was initiated at a dose of 5 ppm, and subsequently titrated according to a protocol, to determine the dose (5, 10, or 20 ppm) resulting in the greatest increase in Pao2/Fio2. Blood gas measurements were obtained 10-15 mins after initiation or any increase in INO dosage to assess the effect on Pao2/Fio2. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Arterial blood gases and ventilator settings were recorded at four time points: during conventional ventilation just before initiating high-frequency oscillatory ventilation, during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation just before initiating INO, after 30 mins on the optimal dose of INO, and 8-12 hrs after starting INO. Oxygenation index ([Fio2 x mean airway pressure x 100]/Pao2) and Pao2/Fio2 ratios were calculated at the same time intervals. At 30 mins after INO initiation, 83% of patients had a significant increase in blood oxygen tension, defined as > or = 20% increase in Pao2/Fio2. The mean change in Pao2/Fio2 at 30 mins was 38%. In these 19 patients, Pao2/Fio2 was highest at 20 ppm in four patients, at 10 ppm in eight patients, and at 5 ppm in seven patients. Compared with baseline measurements, Pao2/Fio2 improved significantly at both 30 mins (112 +/- 59 vs. 75 +/- 32, p=.01) and 8-12 hrs after INO initiation (146 +/- 52 vs. 75 +/- 32, p<.0001). In addition, oxygenation index was reduced at 8-12 hrs compared with baseline measurements (26 +/- 13 vs. 40 +/- 17, p=.08). CONCLUSIONS: INO delivered at doses of 5 to 20 ppm during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation increases Pao2/Fio2 and may be a safe and effective rescue therapy for patients with severe oxygenation failure.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2003

Temporal change, reproducibility, and interobserver variability in pressure-volume curves in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the reproducibility of the static pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system by using a "mini-syringe" technique; to assess the temporal change in upper (UIP) and lower inflection points (LIP) measured from pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system; to assess the inter- and intraobserver variability in detection of the UIP and LIP in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); and to compare the syringe and multiple occlusion techniques for determining LIP and UIP. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Academic medical-surgical critical care unit. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with ALI or ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: Static inspiratory pressure-volume curves of the respiratory system were determined twice on day 1 of diagnosis of ALI/ARDS and then once daily for up to 6 days by using the syringe technique. Pressure-volume curves were determined from zero positive end-expiratory pressure. At each time point, three separate measurements of the pressure-volume curve were made to determine reproducibility. A 100-mL graduated syringe was used to inflate patients' lungs with 50- to 100-mL increments up to an airway pressure of 45 cm H2O or a total volume of 2 L; each volume step was maintained for 2-3 secs until a plateau airway pressure was recorded. On day 1, the static pressure-volume curve also was determined by using the multiple occlusion technique. In a random and blinded sequence, the pressure-volume curves were examined visually by three critical care physicians on three different occasions, to determine the intra- and interobserver variability in visual detection of the LIP and UIP. Observers were given objective instructions to visually identify LIP and UIP. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Eleven patients were enrolled, with a total of 134 pressure-volume curves generated. LIP and UIP could be detected in 90-94% and 61-68% of curves, respectively. When the three successive pressure-volume curves were compared, both the LIP and UIP were within 3 cm H2O in >65% of curves. The index of reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient) in LIP and UIP was 0.92 and 0.89 for interobserver variability and 0.90 and 0.88 for intraobserver variability. Daily variability was as high as 7 cm H2O for LIP and 5 cm H2O for UIP. When pressure-volume curves obtained by using the multiple occlusion and syringe techniques were compared, LIP was within 2 cm H2O, and UIP was within 4 cm H2O with the two techniques. CONCLUSIONS: The static pressure-volume curve of the respiratory system is reasonably reproducible, thus avoiding the need for multiple measurements at a single time. We found excellent interobserver and intraobserver correlation in manual identification of the LIP and UIP. Both LIP and UIP show appreciable daily variability in patients with ALI/ARDS. The multiple occlusion and syringe techniques generate similar values for LIP and UIP.

APACHE↗
PubMed2002

High-frequency oscillatory ventilation for acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: a randomized, controlled trial.

Observational studies of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in adults with the acute respiratory distress syndrome have demonstrated improvements in oxygenation. We designed a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial comparing the safety and effectiveness of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation with conventional ventilation in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome; 148 adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome (Pa(O2)/fraction of inspired oxygen <or= 200 mm Hg on 10 or more cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure) were randomized to high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (n = 75) or conventional ventilation (n = 73). Applied mean airway pressure was significantly higher in the high-frequency oscillation group compared with the conventional ventilation group throughout the first 72 hours (p = 0.0001). The high-frequency oscillation group showed early (less than 16 hours) improvement in Pa(O2)/fraction of inspired oxygen compared with the conventional ventilation group (p = 0.008); however, this difference did not persist beyond 24 hours. Oxygenation index decreased similarly over the first 72 hours in both groups. Thirty-day mortality was 37% in the high-frequency oscillation group and was 52% in the conventional ventilation group (p = 0.102). The percentage of patients alive without mechanical ventilation at Day 30 was 36% and 31% in the high-frequency oscillation and conventional ventilation groups, respectively (p = 0.686). There were no significant differences in hemodynamic variables, oxygenation failure, ventilation failure, barotraumas, or mucus plugging between treatment groups. We conclude that high-frequency oscillation is a safe and effective mode of ventilation for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults.

APACHE↗
PubMed2002

Pro/con clinical debate: is high-frequency oscillatory ventilation useful in the management of adult patients with respiratory failure?

In neonatal and pediatric intensive care units, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) has become an increasingly common therapy. This may not have been the case if researchers had not persisted in investigating the therapy after early disappointing clinical trials. Devices capable of providing this therapy to adults have become commercially available relatively recently. However, there are many questions that need to be answered regarding HFOV in adults: Is HFOV in adults superior to conventional mechanical ventilation? Who is the ideal candidate for HFOV? When should it be applied? What is the best technique with which to apply it? When should a patient on HFOV be converted back to conventional ventilation? What is the safety and efficacy of the device? As outlined in the following debate, there are several compelling arguments for and against the use of HFOV at this point in adults.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative--part VI: access and anticoagulation in CRRT.

Both the choice of vascular access and anticoagulant regimen for continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are a major determinant of not only circuit life span but also affect solute clearance. This evidence-based review critically examines the published rature on different vascular access sites, access types, and anticoagulation regimens, to provide clinical guidelines for good working practices and to direct future studies.

Anticoagulants↗
PubMed2002

Relationship between measures of fatness, lipids and ethnicity in a cohort of adolescent boys.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The investigators were invited into a boys' high school to assess the lipid risk profile of a single year cohort and advise on how the findings could be incorporated into a healthy lifestyle program. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between measures of fatness, ethnicity and cardiac risk factors in a cohort of adolescent boys. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist and hips were used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR); percent total body fat (%TBF) was estimated by bioelectric impedance analysis. Demographic and behavioral variables were assessed by questionnaire. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apoliproprotein B (apoB) and insulin were measured in 137 subjects; low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) was calculated. RESULTS: The study sample was comprised of 139 boys aged 15.7 +/- 0.04 years; 46% were Caucasians, 41% were East Asians and 13% were from the Indian subcontinent (South Asian). The crude mean BMI, %TBF and waist measurements were not significantly different between the ethnic groups. South Asians had a higher mean WHR than East Asians (p < 0.004; ANOVA), and also had higher mean %TBF than Caucasians when BMI was adjusted for, and lower BMI than either of the other groups when adjusted for waist (ANCOVA). There was no difference between groups in lipid profiles except for a higher apoB in East Asians compared with Caucasians (p < 0.04). Twenty-two percent of the subjects had TC higher than the desirable level for children (4.5 mmol/l), 7.3% had low HDL-C (<0.9 mmol/l) and 4.3% had high LDL-C (>3.5 mmol/l). Overweight and hypercholesterolemia had individual prevalences of around 20%, while hyperinsulinemia was 48%. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms that the relationship between BMI and %TBF is dependent on ethnicity, even in adolescent subjects of similar age and gender. The assessment of cardiovascular risk on a school year and age basis would suggest that there are enough affected individuals to support at least a nontargeted intervention which focuses on healthy eating and physical activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Pulmonary edema caused by inhaled nitric oxide therapy in two patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with the CREST syndrome.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is commonly associated with the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia) syndrome. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is often used to assess acute vasoresponsiveness in patients with PAH, and reports of adverse reactions have been infrequent. We describe two of nine patients with PAH and CREST syndrome who had pulmonary edema develop during acute iNO testing. This complication was not encountered in the 46 patients with other forms of PAH tested with iNO. We suggest that iNO should be used with caution, if at all, to test acute vasoreactivity in patients with CREST syndrome.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Safety of pressure-volume curve measurement in acute lung injury and ARDS using a syringe technique.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety of frequent pressure-volume (PV) curve measurement in patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/ARDS. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Academic medical-surgical critical care unit. PATIENTS: Consecutive patients with ALI or ARDS. INTERVENTIONS: Static inspiratory PV curves of the respiratory system were determined twice on day 1, then once daily for up to 6 days using a syringe. At each time point, three separate measurements of the PV curve were made. A 100-mL graduated syringe was used to inflate patients' lungs with 50- to 100-mL increments up to an airway pressure of 45 cm H(2)O or a total volume of 2 L; each volume step was maintained for 2 to 3 s until a plateau airway pressure was recorded. Outcome measures were mean arterial BP, heart rate (HR), and oxyhemoglobin saturation (SpO(2)) prior to and immediately after PV curve measurement. There were a priori criteria for procedure discontinuation if poorly tolerated. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Eleven patients were enrolled with a total of 134 PV curves generated. SpO(2) was 93 +/- 4% (mean +/- SD) before and fell to a nadir of 89 +/- 5% during PV curve measurement (p < 0.001), but increased to 97 +/- 4% immediately afterwards (p < 0.001, before vs after). HR rose from 106 +/- 22 to 108 +/- 22 beats/min immediately after the maneuver (p < 0.001). Mean arterial BP was 93 +/- 15 mm Hg before and 100 +/- 17 mm Hg immediately afterwards (p < 0.001). During PV curve measurement, systolic BP in one patient fell to 64 mm Hg from 113 mm Hg; in another patient, SpO(2) dropped to 79% from 89%. Both changes were transient. The study was discontinued in one patient because of inability to tolerate zero positive end-expiratory pressure; in another patient, the study was discontinued because of the development of subcutaneous emphysema. CONCLUSIONS: PV curve measurement by syringe technique is well tolerated in most patients. Nonetheless, the maneuver may cause significant changes in oxygenation and/or hemodynamics, necessitating close monitoring.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Handheld computing in medicine.

Handheld computers have become a valuable and popular tool in various fields of medicine. A systematic review of articles was undertaken to summarize the current literature regarding the use of handheld devices in medicine. A variety of articles were identified, and relevant information for various medical fields was summarized. The literature search covered general information about handheld devices, the use of these devices to access medical literature, electronic pharmacopoeias, patient tracking, medical education, research, business management, e-prescribing, patient confidentiality, and costs as well as specialty-specific uses for personal digital assistants (PDAs). The authors concluded that only a small number of articles provide evidence-based information about the use of PDAs in medicine. The majority of articles provide descriptive information, which is nevertheless of value. This article aims to increase the awareness among physicians about the potential roles for handheld computers in medicine and to encourage the further evaluation of their use.

Biomedical Research↗