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Biomedical subjects

Satoshi Hori

Publications and source records attributed to Satoshi Hori.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

Studies on interactions between functional foods or dietary supplements and medicines. I. Effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in rats.

The effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE), one of the most widely used herbal dietary supplements in Japan, on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem (DTZ), a typical probe of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, were examined in rats. The simultaneous addition of GBE to small intestine and liver microsomes inhibited the formation of N-demethyl DTZ (MA), an active metabolite of DTZ produced by CYP3A, in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC(50) of about 50 and 182 microg/ml, respectively. This inhibition appeared to be caused, at least in part, by a mechanism-based inhibition. Both the rate of formation of MA and total amount of CYP in intestinal or hepatic microsomes after a single oral pretreatment with GBE (20 mg/kg) decreased transiently. The pretreatment significantly decreased the terminal elimination rate constant and increased the mean residence time, after intravenous administration of DTZ (3 mg/kg). Furthermore, it significantly increased the area under the concentration-time curve and absolute bioavailability after oral administration of DTZ (30 mg/kg). These results indicated that the concomitant use of GBE in rats increased the bioavailability of DTZ by inhibiting both intestinal and hepatic metabolism, at least in part, via a mechanism-based inhibition for CYP3A.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2002

Risk factors for the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in an adult intensive care unit: fitting a model to the data.

Little is known about the amount of cross-transmission, the risk factors for infection, and the relative effectiveness of infection control procedures when methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection occurs at highly endemic levels in intensive care units. A cohort study was done to identify exposures associated with cases that likely were the result of cross-transmission (i.e., occurring in clusters and with indistinguishable MRSA macrorestriction profiles). Fitting a simple stochastic model to the ascertained data allowed prediction of the effectiveness of infection control measures. Exposure to relative staff deficit (adjusted rate ratio, 1.05 independent; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.09) was the only factor significantly associated with potential transmission (P =.001). It was predicted that a 12% improvement in adherence to hand-hygiene policies might have compensated for staff shortage and prevented transmission during periods of overcrowding, shared care, and high workload but that this would be hard to achieve.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2002

New trends in Staphylococcus aureus infections: glycopeptide resistance in hospital and methicillin resistance in the community.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is prevalent in hospitals throughout the world, and we have got used to its presence in daily clinical practice. However, methicillin-resistant S. aureus has not remained static over the past four decades, but seems to be evolving in unfamiliar directions. This review focuses on recent findings on two directions of methicillin-resistant S. aureus evolution: the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistance in the hospital and the trend towards methicillin-resistant S. aureus as a community pathogen. RECENT FINDINGS: We looked at reports on glycopeptide resistance in S. aureus and those on community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with some references of historical value to explain the entire picture of this 'new field' of the methicillin-resistant S. aureus problem. SUMMARY: The references given here (excluding some of low credibility) attest the increasing awareness of the two conspicuous problems concerning methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection. One is the increasing trend of glycopeptide-resistance, making difficult the successful treatment of multi-drug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus infection in the hospital. On the other hand, non-multi-drug-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains are emerging as novel threats in the community, the genetic analysis of which indicates that they are independent clones from those found in hospitals.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2002

Determining the genetic structure of the natural population of Staphylococcus aureus: a comparison of multilocus sequence typing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and phage typing.

We used a sample of Staphylococcus aureus strains that are carried by humans and that are representative of the natural population of S. aureus strains in order to assess the value of multilocus sequence typing (MLST), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis, and phage typing as epidemiological tools. Only MLST was able to define clonal complexes unambiguously. All DNA-based typing approaches achieved a high degree of agreement, implying phylogenetic concordance, but predicted epidemiological associations with variable accuracy.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2002

[Hospital infection control measures for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci].

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci are major hospital pathogens in hospital settings. These organisms are mainly transmitted by direct skin contact with infected/colonized patients. Air borne transmission may rarely occur in MRSA positive cases with upper respiratory infections. Contamination in immediate environment requires proper disinfection after contact. Screening patients for MRSA and VRE can be restricted against those in/from the high risk areas. The clinical pictures, methods for screening and the precautions were also discussed based on the nature of communicability in both pathogens.

Cross Infection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Role of serum vascular endothelial growth factor in the prediction of angiogenesis and prognosis for non-small cell lung cancer.

Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 are involved in angiogenesis of various cancers, clinical utility of preoperative serum concentration of these molecules in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we determined the concentration of VEGF, MMP-9 and various other tumor markers in serum prior to surgery and evaluated the results compared with intratumoral vasculature to isolate a valuable marker in determining the prediction of angiogenesis in NSCLC. Among these molecules and serum tumor markers, circulating serum VEGF was identified to markedly correlate with microvessel density (MVD) of the resected tumor specimens. Moreover, overall survival of patients with low VEGF levels (< or =326 ng/ml) was significantly greater than that of patients with high VEGF levels (>326 ng/ml), while patients with low MMP-9 levels (< or =189 ng/ml) and those with high MMP-9 levels (>189 ng/ml) revealed similar overall survival. Conclusively, preoperative concentration of serum VEGF may be the most valuable marker in the prediction of intratumoral angiogenesis and prognosis of patients with NSCLC.

Aged↗