[X-ray protection construction standardization manual-part 3-].
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Facility Design and Construction↗
Biomedical subjects
Satoshi Ohno
Publications and source records attributed to Satoshi Ohno.
[X-ray Protection Construction Standardization Manual -Part 4-].
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Construction Materials↗
[X-ray Protection Construction Standardization Manual -Part 5-].
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Humans↗
[The significance of low-dose CDDP intraperitoneal administration for cases of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer].
We examined the significance of low-dose cisplatinum (CDDP) intraperitoneal administration for cases of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer. Sixty-eight cases of gastric cancer, diagnosed as P1 or CY1 in the gastrectomy operation that was carried out during the period between January 1994 and December 2001, were studied based on accumulated survival rate and mean survival time (MST). Ten milligram of CDDP was weekly administrated intraperitoneally through an infusion port. A two-week interval was taken after the eight-week administration. This group, the CDDP intraperitoneal administration group, was statistically superior both in the accumulated survival rate and MST. These results suggested that the low-dose CDDP intraperitoneal administration would contribute to improved prognosis of such gastric cancers as P1 or CY1.
Antineoplastic Agents↗
[Effects of repeated intraperitoneal CDDP chemotherapy for the prevention of T3 and T4 gastric cancer].
We studied the significance of repeated intraperitoneal CDDP administration, as adjuvant chemotherapy, for the prevention of T3 and T4 gastric cancer. Fifty-two patients who had been operated as Curability B were divided into the following two groups, and the data on survival rate, median survival time and interval of "free of recurrence" were accumulated and analyzed. Group A consisted of nineteen patients treated with intraperitoneal CDDP administration and oral anticancer drugs. Group B were treated with systemic chemotherapy. Group A was superior to Group B in comparing the analyzed data. These results suggested that repeated intraperitoneal CDDP chemotherapy for the prevention of T3 and T4 advanced gastric cancer would improve survival rate.
Administration, Oral↗
[Evaluation of multimodality therapy for synchronous liver metastases of gastric cancer].
We evaluated the significance of multimodality therapy for cases of liver metastases of gastric cancer. Accumulated survival rate and median survival time were analyzed for twenty cases of such gastric cancer. Survival rates of H1+H2 group and hepatic resection (HR) group were higher than that of H3 group and non-HR group. MST of HR group and hepatic arterial infusion (HAI) group were longer than that of non-HR group and non-HAI group. Survival rate of HAI group was higher than that of non-HAI group among eleven cases of HR group. On the other hand, survival rate of HR group was higher than that of non-HR group among eleven cases of HAI group. These results suggested that HAI chemotherapy after hepatic resection for gastric cancer patients with synchronous liver metastasis would improve prognosis.
Adult↗
Analgesic efficacy of French maritime pine bark extract in dysmenorrhea: an open clinical trial.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the effect of Pycnogenol (Horphag Research, Switzerland), French maritime pine bark extract, on menstrual pain. STUDY DESIGN: We treated 47 patients with menstrual pain, aged 21-45 years, with Pycnogenol at 30 mg (2 capsules) orally twice a dysmenorrl day. The administration of Pycnogenol began on the eighth day of the first menstrual cycle and continued until the seventh day of the third menstrual cycle. Improvement was evaluated by measuring scores of symptoms during the first and second, and first and third menstrual cycle using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. RESULTS: Treatment with Pycnogenol lowered the pain scores for abdominal pain significantly (p < 0.05) as compared to pretreatment values. Pain relief in the second cycle of treatment was better as compared to the first cycle of treatment, as indicated by a higher level of significance (p < 0.01) and lower median pain score. The number of days with abdominal pain showed a trend toward fewer days with pain; however, the difference failed to reach significance. Relief of back pain was not that pronounced during the first cycle treated with Pycnogenol; the pain scores were not significantly different from those in the pretreatment period. However, continuation of treatment during the second cycle produced significant pain relief (p < 0.01). The number of days with back pain decreased. The number of days with pain was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in the second cycle of treatment with Pycnogenol. CONCLUSION: Pycnogenol has a potential analgesic effect on menstrual pain.
Administration, Oral↗
Oxidized LDL activates phospholipase A2 to supply fatty acids required for cholesterol esterification.
We examined the roles of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-induced cholesteryl ester formation in macrophages. In [3H]oleic acid-labeled RAW264.7 cells and mouse peritoneal macrophages, oxLDL induced [3H]cholesteryl oleate formation with an increase in free [3H]oleic acid and a decrease in [3H]phosphatidylcholine. The changes in these lipids were suppressed by methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate (MAFP), a cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) inhibitor. However, MAFP had no effect on the ACAT activity or the binding and/or uptake of oxLDL. Stimulation with oxLDL in the presence of [3H]cholesterol increased [3H]cholesteryl ester bearing fatty acyl chains derived from cellular and/or exogenous (oxLDL) lipids. The formation of cholesteryl ester under this condition was also inhibited by MAFP, and the inhibitory effect was reversed by adding oleic acid. While oxLDL did not affect the activity or amounts of cPLA2, preincubation with oxLDL enhanced the release of oleic acid and arachidonic acid induced by ionomycin in RAW264.7 cells. 13(S)-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, but not 7-ketocholesterol, also enhanced ionomycin-induced oleic acid release. These results suggest that oxLDL induces cPLA2 activation, which contributes, at least in part, to the supply of fatty acids required for the cholesteryl esterification, probably through the acceleration by oxidized lipids of the catalytic action of cPLA2 in macrophages.
Animals↗
Predictive factors and timing for liver recurrence after curative resection of gastric carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: Advanced and reliable diagnostic methods in order to identify the site of recurrence of gastric cancer in an early stage are needed. METHODS: One hundred twenty patients whose recurrence was confirmed after curative resection for gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Liver recurrence was evident in 41 patients. Advanced age, tumor invasion into subserosa, intestinal and mixed type of histology, Borrmann type 0 to 2, tumor diameter (<6.5 cm), and tumor marker (carcinoembryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein) elevation were related to liver recurrence. By logistic regression analysis, independent risk factors for liver recurrence included Borrmann's classification, histology, and tumor marker elevation. The median time from the primary operation to liver recurrence was shortest in the tumor marker elevation group when compared with other independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This information may help to design a better follow-up program and appropriate treatment strategy for gastric cancer patients with liver metastasis.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Protein kinase Calpha-dependent increase in Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 in membranes and arachidonic acid liberation in zymosan-stimulated macrophage-like P388D1 cells.
We previously reported that zymosan-stimulated, protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent arachidonic acid liberation occurs with association of Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) with the membranes of macrophage-like P388D1 cells. In the present study, the possible involvement of PKC isoforms (alpha, beta, delta, and epsilon) on the increase in iPLA2 was examined. Stimulation of P388D1 cells with zymosan induced increases in iPLA2 activity and protein in the membranes and liberation of arachidonic acid. In the stimulated cells, PKCalpha, PKCdelta, and PKCepsilon, but not PKCbeta, were increased in the membranes. The zymosan-induced increase in iPLA2 activity was suppressed by pretreatment with 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate for 10 hr, by which PKCalpha and PKCdelta, but not PKCbeta and PKCepsilon, were depleted, and by Gö6976, a PKCalpha inhibitor, but not rottlerin, a PKCdelta inhibitor. The zymosan-induced release of arachidonic acid was also reduced by the PKC depletion and Gö6976. However, stimulation with 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate alone did not increase iPLA2 activity in the membranes. Furthermore, the depletion of intracellular Ca2+ also impaired the zymosan-induced increase in iPLA2 activity in the membranes. However, no increase in iPLA2 activity was observed upon stimulation with Ca2+-mobilizing agents (ionomycin or thapsigargin). Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization, suppressed the zymosan-induced increases in iPLA2 activity and protein in the membranes and the release of arachidonic acid. These results suggest that zymosan stimulates an increase in iPLA2 in the membranes of P388D1 cells probably through activation of PKCalpha in concert with cytochalasin D-sensitive events.
Animals↗
Esophageal cancer patients surviving 6 years after esophagectomy.
BACKGROUND: Esophageal cancer is one of the most malignant tumors, with a dismal prognosis in spite of recent advances in early diagnosis and extended lymphadenectomy. These patients need to be stratified according to prognostic variables for precise identification of high-risk group. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy-six patients with esophageal carcinoma were uniformly treated with curative intent between 1980 and 1992 with at least 6 years follow-up. Results and prognostic factors of long-term survival were analyzed by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Thirty patients (39.5%) survived 6 years, and the remaining 46 patients died within 6 years: recurrent esophageal cancer in 27 and causes unrelated to esophageal cancer in 19. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-year overall survival rates in all 76 patients were 77.6%, 57.9%, 53.9%, and 39.5%, respectively. The factors influencing survival rate verified by univariate analysis were Borrmann classification (0, 1 vs. 2, 3), size of tumor (< or =3.0 vs. >3.0 cm), depth of invasion (T1, 2 vs. T3, 4), pN category (pN0 vs. pN1), number of lymph node metastasis (< or =4vs. >4), metastatic lymph node ratio (< or =0.1 vs. >0.1), time of operation (< or =480 vs. >480 min), and amount of perioperative blood transfusion given (< or =2 vs. >2 U). Among the significant variables independent prognostic factors for survival determined by multivariate analysis were metastatic lymph node ratio and amount of blood transfusion. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of patients can thus apparently be cured of esophageal carcinoma by extensive resection. Patients with many metastatic lymph nodes and much blood transfusion, on the other hand, should receive appropriate treatment against such esophageal carcinoma.
Aged↗
Expression and prognostic significance of PTEN product protein in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
BACKGROUND: PTEN is a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in a variety of malignant tumors. The prognostic importance of PTEN product protein (PTEN) and its correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics have yet to be delineated in patients with esophageal carcinoma. METHODS: Specimens from 97 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were used for the immunohistochemical evaluation of PTEN expression. RESULTS: PTEN expression was detected in the nucleus in 48 specimens (49.5%). There were statistically significant correlations between nuclear PTEN expression and macroscopic tumor classification, T stage, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage (P < 0.01), indicating that PTEN expression was down-regulated by advancement of the disease process. There were no statistically significant correlations between nuclear PTEN expression and the intensity and extent of cytoplasmic PTEN expression. The 10-year overall survival rate was significantly better in patients with positive nuclear PTEN expression (n = 48 patients) compared with the rate in patients with negative nuclear PTEN expression (n = 49 patients; P < 0.01). The results of a multivariate analysis of factors that were prognostic for survival showed that AJCC stage (P < 0.05; relative risk, 2.038) and negative nuclear PTEN expression (P < 0.05; relative risk, 1.825) were significant factors indicative of poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: Nuclear PTEN expression may be a favorable biologic marker and a useful prognostic indicator in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Aged↗
Role of stromal collagen in immunomodulation and prognosis of advanced gastric carcinoma.
Although several hypotheses have been proposed explaining the mechanisms of the immune-privileged status of malignant tumors, the exact pathway is yet to be explored. Tumor stroma plays a vital role in the prognosis of cancer patients; however, the immunomodulatory impact of gastric cancer stroma has not been reported. We have evaluated the amount of stromal collagen and its impact on the infiltration of immune-competent cells into the tumor cell nest in gastric carcinoma. Tissue specimens from 84 advanced gastric carcinoma patients who had undergone a curative resection were evaluated for host immune status (CD8+ T cells), tumor stromal reaction (AZAN staining), tumor Fas ligand expression and incidence of tumor cell apoptosis (by TUNEL). The number of apoptotic tumor cells (apoptotic index [AI]) increased proportionally with an increase in the number of CD8+ T cells within the cancer cell nest (nest CD8) (p = 0.0001). Nest CD8 was inversely correlated with the amount of stromal collagen (p < 0.0001). Nest CD8 and AI became independent predictors of patient survival (p = 0.0023 and p = 0.044, respectively) in Cox's multivariate analysis. The amount of stromal collagen was found to be a significant predictor of disease relapse in univariate analysis (p = 0.0010) but not in multivariate analysis (p = 0.4729). In conclusion, increased nest CD8 produced a survival advantage by inducing tumor cell apoptosis in gastric carcinoma patients. Increased tumor stromal collagen worked as a barrier for CD8+ T-cell infiltration and might be one of the mechanisms of tumor escape from the host immune attack.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Surgical treatment for locally advanced (T4) squamous cell carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus.
It is still difficult to decide on the treatment modalities for advanced esophageal carcinoma when the prognostic factors of T4 esophageal cancer are not fully understood. In this article, we report that among 71 patients with T4 thoracic esophageal cancer, 49 underwent esophagectomy, 9 had curative resection (R0 group), and 40 had palliative resection (R1/2 group). A total of 22 patients had palliative treatments: bypass in 5 (bypass group), gastrostomy or jejunostomy in 6 (stoma group), and radiochemotherapy alone in 11 (nonoperation group). Clinicopathologic characteristics were retrospectively investigated. Treatment-related deaths occurred in 7 (10%): none in R0, 3 (8%) in R1/2, 3 (60%) in bypass, and 1 (17%) in stoma group. Swallowing was improved in 50 (70%) patients: 9 (100%) in R0, 30 (75%) in R1/2, 1 (20%) in bypass, 3 (50%) in stoma, and 7 (64%) in the nonoperation group. One-, two-, and three-year overall survival rates were 56%, 22%, and 22% in the R0 group and 35%, 19% and 6% in the R1/2 group, respectively (p = 0.19). In the bypass, stoma, and nonoperation groups, none survived 1.6 years. The factors influencing the survival rate of the 49 patients undergoing esophagectomy were grade of lymph node metastasis, amount of perioperative blood transfusion, lymph vessel, and blood vessel invasion. Among these, independent prognostic factors for survival were amount of blood transfusion (-6 units vs. -7 units, p <0.0001) and grade of lymph node metastasis [none- or peritumoral [lymph nodes adjacent to the main tumor or at a nearby location (<3 cm) from the tumor] metastasis vs. more distant metastasis [lymph nodes at a distant location (> 3 cm)], p = 0.016]. Bypass and stoma operation neither prolonged the survival nor improved the difficulty of swallowing compared with radiochemotherapy alone. Esophagectomy can achieve the best improvement of swallowing and the longest survival with an acceptable mortality rate. Esophageal carcinoma patients with T4 disease and distinct metastasis in the lymph nodes at a distant location (>3 cm) from the primary tumor may not benefit from an esophageal resection.
Adult↗
[A case of cardiac cancer for which radiation therapy was effective in improving stenosis of the esophagogastric junction].
The patient was a seventy-seven-year old woman, who was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer with stenosis of the esophagocardiac junction. Her cancer was diagnosed as Stage IV (T3N3H0P3M0). As there was no indication for surgery, radiation therapy (Linac electron beam, 1.8 Gy/day, total 50.4 Gy) was selected to improve the stenosis, after which she was able to eat food. Subjective complaints such as nausea and vomiting were also decreased, promoting her QOL. We conclude that radiation therapy treatment can be a treatment option for far advanced cardiac cancer.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Efficacy of the herbal medicine Unkei-to as an adjunctive treatment to hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women with depressive symptoms.
OBJECTIVE: Although hormone replacement therapy (HRT) improves menopausal depressive symptoms, women unresponsive to HRT need an antidepressant drug as an effective adjunctive therapy. The aim of this study was to assess whether the herbal medicine Unkei-to has an impact on HRT-resistant menopausal depressive symptoms as an effective adjunctive therapy combined with HRT. METHODS: Twenty-four HRT-resistant menopausal depressive women were randomly assigned to group 1 (n = 12) or group 2 (n = 12). Subjects in group 1 were accessioned into 6 months of open treatment with Unkei-to as an adjunctive therapy and changed to Toki-shakuyaku-san for 6 months following a 1-month washout period. Group 2 started with Toki-shakuyaku-san for 6 months and then changed to Unkei-to for 6 months following a 1-month washout period. RESULTS: Three months' treatment with Unkei-to as an adjunctive therapy significantly improved Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) scores, State-Anxiety (STAI-1) scores, and Trait-Anxiety (STAI-2) scores noted before treatment, and this effect continued at 6 months. Treatment with Unkei-to was also significantly effective in reduction of ZSDS scores, STAI-1 scores, and STAI-2 scores at 3 months compared with Toki-shakuyaku-san treatment, and this effect continued at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Unkei-to is another option as an adjunctive herbal therapy in HRT-resistant menopausal depressive women.
Aged↗
Role of tumor-associated macrophage in malignant tumors: should the location of the infiltrated macrophages be taken into account during evaluation?
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have a complex relationship with the tumor cells. Because TAMs have various functions according to the microenvironment, the results of many analyses have not led to a general consensus regarding the role of TAMs in solid tumor tissue and the prognostic significance for patients. In this review, we discuss whether the recently published data can help to explain the apparent paradoxical effects of TAMs in cancers. We address this question on the basis of the histological location of TAMs in solid malignant tumors.
Animals↗
Tumor-associated macrophages: foe or accomplice of tumors?
Macrophages are predominantly involved in the immune and inflammatory processes of solid tumors. Macrophages infiltrated into a tumor have an ambivalent relationship with the tumor, because they are innately very flexible and adaptable depending on the microenvironment of the tissue and the tissue-derived factors. The relationship between tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and a tumor is extremely complicated and has not yet been clearly elucidated. Now, the reintegration of biological knowledge including immunology, pathology and oncology is indispensable for the clinical application of TAMs to cancer therapy. In this review, we focus on the range of pro- and anti-tumor functions performed by TAMs and outline a new class of cancer therapies that aims at controlling the complex functions of TAMs.
Animals↗