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Seema Kashyap

Publications and source records attributed to Seema Kashyap.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

"Tissue-specific mitochondrial dysfunction in keratoconus: An integrated structural, genomic, and functional analysis".

PURPOSE: Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia characterized by stromal thinning, conical protrusion, and irregular astigmatism, leading to visual impairment. Although oxidative stress is implicated in KC, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction remains unclear. We evaluated mitochondrial structural, genomic, and functional abnormalities in corneal tissues and blood from KC patients. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 110&#x202f;KC patients and 55 controls. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed on epithelial and stromal tissues from 10&#x202f;KC to 5 control corneas assessing mitochondrial morphology, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes and pro-apoptotic protein NOXA. Whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing and relative mtDNA copy number analysis were performed on paired blood and corneal tissues from 50&#x202f;KC patients and 35 controls including both epithelial and stromal samples. Gene expression of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative stress-related genes was analysed by qRT-PCR in corneal epithelium from independent 50&#x202f;KC patients and 15 controls. RESULTS: TEM revealed cristolysis, membrane disruption, and reduced mitochondrial density in KC corneas. IHC showed reduced expression of OXPHOS complexes and increased NOXA expression (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.05). Sequencing identified 1107 mtDNA variants, with more variants in corneal tissues than matched blood (929 vs. 576; p&#x202f;=&#x202f;0.0002). Recurrent likely pathogenic variants were enriched in complex I-encoding genes (ND4, ND5). KC corneas showed reduced mtDNA copy number, downregulated POLRMT, upregulated NOX4, and significant downregulation of multiple antioxidant genes (p&#x202f;<&#x202f;0.0001). CONCLUSION: KC patients exhibit tissue-specific mitochondrial abnormalities and impaired oxidative stress regulation, supporting a role for mitochondrial dysfunction in disease pathogenesis and highlighting potential therapeutic targets.

Corneal pathology↗
PubMed2006

Recurrent Salzmann's nodular degeneration: report of two cases and review of literature.

Recurrence of Salzmann's nodular degeneration following corneal transplantation is uncommon. The earlier reports of recurrence of Salzmann's degeneration were based on clinical evidence. We report two histopathologically proven cases of recurrence of Salzmann's nodular degeneration following keratoplasty; one recurring after lamellar keratoplasty and the other following penetrating keratoplasty. Two male patients (40 yrs and 24 yrs) presented to us with a clinical picture of Salzmann's nodular degeneration. One patient had undergone lamellar keratoplasty in both eyes for Salzmann's degeneration, 22 years ago. A repeat lamellar keratoplasty was performed in the right eye (7.5 mm/8 mm). In the other patient, penetrating keratoplasty was performed in the left eye, 6 years ago for the same. Lamellar keratoplasty was performed in the left eye (8 mm/8 mm). The histopathologic evaluation of the host button in both the cases, showed features very much suggestive of a recurrence of Salzmann's nodular degeneration.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Case report of tuberculous panophthalmitis.

BACKGROUND: Although tuberculosis is very common in the Indian sub-continent, tuberculous panophthalmitis has not been reported from this region so far. We report a case of a young girl with tuberculous panophthalmitis. CASE REPORT: A 12-year-old female child presented with painless progressive loss of vision in the right eye of two months' duration. Examination revealed diffuse corneal haze with deep vascularization, iris nodules, and scleral necrosis. Histopathological examination of the enucleated eye revealed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, multiple epitheloid cell granulomas, and Langhan's giant cells, along with large areas of caseous necrosis. Chest X-ray revealed right hilar lymphadenopathy with right lower zone infiltration and a small pleural effusion. Considering the clinical picture, histopathology and chest findings, a diagnosis of disseminated tuberculosis was made, and standard four-drug anti tubercular treatment was started. At 2 months follow up there was radiological resolution of the lung lesions and pleural effusion. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical features suggestive of tubercular panophthalmitis are absence of pain, presence of nodules on or within the eyeball, and spontaneous perforation. We would like to emphasize that in all susceptible individuals presenting with clinical suspicion of ocular tuberculosis it would be prudent to start early anti-tubercular therapy to prevent progression to panophthalmitis. A complete systemic workup to look for any other possible focus of tubercular involvement must be done.

Child↗
PubMed2004

Pattern of orbital exenteration in a tertiary eye care centre in India.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the clinical indications for orbital exenteration, profile of these patients and clinicopathological correlations, and to compare these results with previous published data. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of exenterations performed in adults at a tertiary eye care centre in India over a period of 10 years (January 1990 to December 2000). Patient records were reviewed to obtain demographic data, presenting symptoms and their duration, laterality, and clinical and histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 26 cases were identified. Patients ranged in age from 32 to 72 years (mean +/- SD 58.7 +/- 9.23 years). No sex predilection was observed. Classification of cases on histopathological criteria showed that exenterations were performed mostly for squamous cell carcinoma (10 cases), followed by sebaceous gland carcinoma (six cases) and basal cell carcinoma (two cases) of the eyelid. Conjunctival malignant melanoma contributed to 5 of 26 cases of exenteration. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland (one case), neurofibroma (one case) and orbital fungal infection (one case) were the other indications of exenteration. The clinicopathological correlation was 100% for squamous cell carcinoma, 100% for basal cell carcinoma, 80% for malignant melanoma and 75% for sebaceous gland carcinoma. CONCLUSION: Exenteration is mainly performed as a life-saving treatment for advanced malignant tumours with epithelial tumours being the commonest. In comparison to previous published data, the indications of surgery in India differed, as squamous cell carcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma were the commonest indications for exenteration.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Lipoid proteinosis: a rare disorder with pathognomonic lid lesions.

Lipoid proteinosis is a rare disorder seen even more rarely by ophthalmologists. The interesting clinical and histopathological features of this disease are described in a brother and sister who presented predominantly with lid lesions, without any systemic complaints. Knowledge of the typical lid lesions may help to diagnose this disorder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland: a clinicopathological analysis.

PURPOSE: To analyse retrospectively 32 cases of pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland diagnosed over a 10-year period in a tertiary referral eye centre from North India. METHODS: The clinical features of 32 cases of pleomorphic adenomas diagnosed between 1991 and 2000 were analysed and the histopathological features reviewed light microscopically. RESULTS: Among the clinical features, a marked male predominance with younger age of presentation and left-sided dominance was noted. The duration of symptoms was less than 10 months in 28% cases. Histopathologically, the features included presence of cystic degeneration (15.6%) and squamous metaplasia (18.7%). Calcification, osteoid formation and malignant transformation (3.1% each) were occasionally observed. CONCLUSIONS: Pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland may present with duration of symptoms of less than 10 months. Cystic degeneration, squamous metaplasia, calcification or ossification may be observed in lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenomas, as has been described in pleomorphic adenomas of salivary glands. However, the presence of calcification and bone erosion radiologically in a lacrimal gland tumour does not necessarily indicate malignancy.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed2004

Locally aggressive orbital fibrous histiocytoma.

We report a rare presentation of a massive, locally aggressive, fibrous histiocytoma of the orbit. The importance of histopathological grading and appropriate management are highlighted.

Histiocytoma, Benign Fibrous↗
PubMed2003

Conjunctival malignant melanoma.

A 65-year-old woman was diagnosed clinically to have a tarsal conjunctival malignant melanoma of the upper eyelid. She also had multiple, diffusely pigmented, flat conjunctival lesions. No local or distant metastasis was detected. She was treated conservatively by a combination of surgery and cryotherapy as this was her only seeing eye. Histopathology of the tumor tissue and biopsy specimens of the flat conjunctival lesions proved them to be conjunctival malignant melanoma and primary atypical melanosis with atypia, respectively. Over a follow-up of two years, no clinical recurrence of the tumor was seen. To conclude, a malignant melanoma arising from the tarsal conjunctiva is extremely rare. The goal of treatment should be eradication of the tumor as well as preservation of a functionally and cosmetically acceptable eye.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Phthisis bulbi with a large protruding foreign body--a rare complication of penetrating injuries.

Spontaneous extrusion of a retained intraocular foreign body is a rare occurrence. An unusual case is described in a 30-year-old male, where a foreign body remained in the eye for four years and then, as phthisis set in, the foreign body gradually extruded, causing constant irritation of the upper lid. Such a situation has not been documented before. Its management along with the histopathologic features are discussed in the light of the available literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Primary orbital plasmacytoma: A case report.

A 50-year-old man presented with a fungating growth in the left eye of 3 months duration. Biopsy of the mass followed by light microscopy was suggestive of plasmacytoma and the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical stains, which demonstrated monoclonality to kappa light chains. Systemic investigations ruled out a multiple myeloma. The patient received radiotherapy; however, due to a residual mass, the left orbit had to be exenterated. Solitary plasmacytomas may not always be completely radiosensitive and radical surgery may be required in such cases. Immunohistochemical stains for kappa and lambda light chains can prove useful in confirming the diagnosis of suspected plasmacytomas.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2002

Diagnostic intraocular aspiration cytology of choroidal melanoma.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on an intraocular mass in a 32-yr-old Indian woman and a cytologic diagnosis of malignant melanoma was made, supported by immunocytochemistry. The cytologic features included spindle-shaped tumour cells with minimal pleomorphism and the presence of nuclear grooves. No intracellular pigment was identified; however, positivity for HMB-45 allowed a rapid and reliable diagnosis. The utility of FNAC in an atypical presentation of choroidal melanoma is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cystadenoma of the lacrimal gland.

Cystadenoma is a benign cystic tumor predominantly affecting the major and minor salivary glands. We present a case of bilateral cystadenoma of the lacrimal gland, which to the best of our knowledge has never been reported earlier. The patient had slowly increasing, painless, bilateral upper eyelid swelling. On examination, the tumors were multilobulated, mobile and transilluminant. Ultrasonography and CT-scan revealed cystic lesions with multiple septations in the region of both lacrimal fossae. Complete excision of the tumors was performed because of their potential for malignant transformation. The histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis.

Cystadenoma↗