Biomedical subjects

Sejong Bae

Publications and source records attributed to Sejong Bae.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2025

HER2 alterations across solid tumors: implications for comprehensive testing.

PURPOSE: ERBB2 (HER2) alterations (eg, overexpression, amplification, and mutations) are known to drive tumor progression. These changes, particularly in non-breast and gastric/gastroesophageal cancers, remain poorly characterized. With pan-tumor approval of HER2-targeted therapies like Trastuzumab deruxetecan (T-DXd), understanding ERBB2 alterations across diverse cancers is crucial. METHODS: HER2 analysis was conducted on 653 solid tumor specimens at the University of Alabama, using immunohistochemistry (IHC), copy number (CN) variation (CNV) assessment, and mutational profiling. The correlation between CN amplification and IHC expression was evaluated using Somers' D ordinal association. RESULTS: Of the 653 cases, HER2 IHC scores were distributed as 3+ (3.1%), 2+ (13.2%), and 1+ (19.8%), with 63.9% being IHC-negative. ERBB2 CN amplification was observed in 3.1%, with 75% exhibiting IHC3+. Pathogenic mutations were found in 3.1%, with low IHC3+ rates (5%). Among samples with ERBB2 mutations, only 3 had CN amplifications (1-positive, 2-intermediate). Somers'-D analysis revealed a strong association between CNV and IHC expression (D = 0.73, P < .001). CONCLUSION: This study highlights ERBB2 alterations across diverse cancers, demonstrating their heterogeneity and clinical significance. ERBB2 mutation-carrying tumors are less likely to have HER2 protein 3+ expression or CN amplification, indicating the need for comprehensive genomic analysis to identify those patients. In the context of pan-tumor approval of T-DXd for HER2, findings support integrating genomic and phenotypic data to enhance diagnostic precision and inform therapeutic decision-making. Comprehensive ERBB2 (HER2) testing across tumor types is essential to expand access to HER2-targeted therapies.

Humans↗

PubMed2006

High blood pressure in school children: prevalence and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of high blood pressure (HBP) and associated risk factors in school children 8 to 13 years of age. METHODS: Elementary school children (n = 1,066) were examined. Associations between HBP, body mass index (BMI), gender, ethnicity, and acanthosis nigricans (AN) were investigated using a school based cross-sectional study. Blood pressure was measured and the 95th percentile was used to determine HBP. Comparisons between children with and without HBP were utilized. The crude and multiple logistic regression adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of association. RESULTS: Females, Hispanics, overweight children, and children with AN had an increased likelihood of HBP. Overweight children (BMI > or = 85th percentile) and those with AN were at least twice as likely to present with HBP after controlling for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: Twenty one percent of school children had HBP, especially the prevalence was higher among the overweight and Hispanic group. The association identified here can be used as independent markers for increased likelihood of HBP in children.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Risky behaviors and factors associated with suicide attempt in adolescents.

The objective of this study was to identify the behavior risk factors associated with suicide attempt in adolescents and to determine gender-specific patterns of risk factors. In 2001, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted National Youth Risk Behavior Survey for 13,601 high school students in the U.S. Data were analyzed with logistic regressions to identify the risk behaviors. New significant risk factors (being offered illegal drugs at school, being abused by a boyfriend/girlfriend, gender, and ethnicity) were identified for suicidal attempt in adolescents. Patterns of risk behaviors differed among male and female groups. Several new risk behaviors associated with suicide attempt in adolescents were identified. There were notable differences in risk behaviors between two gender groups, especially in the area of depression. These findings could have potentially important implications for preventing adolescent suicide attempts.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Treating radiculopathy with an indwelling epidural catheter and infusion pump.

BACKGROUND: For the purpose of reducing inflammation causing radiculopathy, lumbar transforaminal and interlaminar epidural injections deliver corticosteroid to the vicinity of the spinal nerve, nerve roots, and intervertebral disc. Although acceptable, the efficacy of transforaminal injections is limited and variable. An indwelling epidural catheter offers the distinct advantages of delivering greater concentrations of corticosteroid directly to the site of pathology, over an extended duration. This extended exposure to corticosteroid may benefit the site of pathology. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corticosteroid administered through a disposable indwelling epidural catheter and infusion pump to treat pain and dysfunction caused by lumbosacral radiculopathy. STUDY DESIGN: A pilot investigation consisting of a prospective consecutive series of 10 patients, conducted in a specialty hospital. METHODS: An indwelling epidural catheter dispensed corticosteroid into the epidural space at the suspect level of pathology. The catheter was attached to an external, lightweight, spring-pressurized, and disposable reservoir pump holding 8.0 mg dexamethasone diluted with bacteriostatic normal saline to a total volume of 72 ml. After each patient's hospital discharge, the medication was administered into the epidural space at a rate of 1 ml per hour over a 72-hour period. Follow-up at six weeks was achieved in 100% of the patients. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome measures, recorded at pre-treatment and six weeks post-treatment were assessed using: the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36); Pain Symptoms Survey; Oswestry Disability Index; Beck Inventory; Work History Survey; Work Index; Expectations Met Survey; Activities of Daily Living Form; and the Satisfaction With Treatment Form. RESULTS: There was no patient morbidity or mortality associated with this treatment, and patients, on average, experienced decreased pain levels after treatment. Mean delta VAS improvement was 4.1 (SD = 2.6, R =-9.6 to +1.5). The mean percent improvement was 46.7%. CONCLUSIONS: Safe and effective treatment of lower extremity radiculopathy symptoms may be obtained with this new method.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

Cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican-American children at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

PURPOSE: To assess risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with the hypothesis that risk for T2DM in children would be associated with an increase in risk factors for CVD. METHODS: Subjects from a group of Mexican-American school children (aged 10-12 years) identified to be at risk for T2DM, and their siblings, were selected for this study. There were 68 children with acanthosis nigricans (AN+), and 71 without AN (AN-). Both AN+ and AN- children were assessed for T2DM and CVD risk factors. Probands and siblings were evaluated by physical examination, family history, and fasting serum parameters: glucose, insulin, body mass index (BMI), serum lipoproteins, and oxidized lipids. Data were analyzed by descriptive, univariate, and multivariate procedures. RESULTS: BMI, waist/hip ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were all significantly higher (p <.002) in AN+, whereas Tanner stages were similar in both groups. Fasting serum glucose was in the normal range, whereas insulin was elevated in AN+ compared with AN- (30.0 +/- 1.9 microU/mL vs. 14.8 +/- 1.0 p <.0001). Insulin resistance as assessed by the homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR) was elevated in both groups, although higher among AN+ (p <.0001). High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower (6.2 mg/dL) in the AN+ group (p <.003). The lower HDL-C in AN+ was associated with elevated triglycerides and a higher serum total cholesterol TC/HDL-C ratio when contrasted with the AN- values (145.9 +/- 7.6 mg/dL vs. 97.1 +/- 0.07, p <.0001; 4.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 3.4 +/- 0.1, p <.0001, respectively). In addition to the high prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI > 85th percentile) in this population (76.3%, 106/139), elevated insulin (59.7% >15 microU/mL), low HDL-C (27.3% <40 mg/dL), and elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (41.0% >100 mg/dL) were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: The altered metabolic pattern observed in this group of Mexican-American children is characteristic of metabolic syndrome, a condition associated with obesity and increased risk for both T2DM and CVD in adults. This study points to the value of BMI and acanthosis nigricans as easily accessible markers for children and nuclear families at increased risk for developing T2DM and CVD.

Acanthosis Nigricans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of T'ai Chi exercise on fibromyalgia symptoms and health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM), one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders, is associated with high levels of impaired health and inadequate or limited symptom relief. The cause of this complex syndrome is unknown, and there is no known cure. Numerous research results indicate that a combination of physical exercise and mind-body therapy is effective in symptom management. T'ai Chi, an ancient Chinese exercise, combines physical exercise with mindbody therapy. PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of T'ai Chi exercise on FM symptoms and health-related quality of life. DESIGN: Pilot study, one group pre-to-post posttest design. METHODS: Participants with FM (n = 39) formed a single group for 6 weeks of 1-hour, twice weekly T'ai Chi exercise classes. FM symptoms and health-related quality of life were measured before and after exercise. FINDINGS: Twenty-one participants completed at least 10 of the 12 exercise sessions. Although the dropout rate was higher than expected, measurements on both the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) (Buckhardt, Clark, & Bennett, 1991) and the Short Form-36 (SE-36) (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) revealed statistically significant improvement in symptom management and health-related quality of life. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING RESEARCH: Knowledge of interventions to enhance health for the patient with musculoskeletal problems is a National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses priority. Tai Chi is potentially beneficial to patients with FM. Further research is needed to support evidence-based practice.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Socioeconomic determinants of planned methadone treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To examine socioeconomic characteristics associated with planned methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). METHODS: We performed multiple logistic regressions using data from the 1998 Treatment Episode Data Set, which tracks admissions for substance abuse treatment. RESULTS: MMT was more prevalent among heroin users than nonheroin users. Among heroin users, females, Hispanics, Southerners, the employed, and those who are not homeless or in jail are more likely to be planned to receive MMT. Among nonheroin users, females were less likely to be planned for MMT. CONCLUSIONS: Greater effort may be necessary to extend MMT to vulnerable populations.

Age Factors↗