Biomedical subjects

Serena Chen

Publications and source records attributed to Serena Chen.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis significantly reduces pregnancy loss in infertile couples: a multicenter study.

OBJECTIVE: The inicidence of miscarriage is correlated with maternal age. The majority of miscarriages are chromosomally abnormal. The purpose of this study was to determine in a large population of infertility patients (>2000 cycles) if preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) reduced the rate of spontaneous abortions. DESIGN: Multicenter retrospective controlled study. SETTING: One hundred IVF centers referring samples to a reference PGD laboratory. PATIENT(S): Infertile women. INTERVENTION(S): The spontaneous abortion rate after PGD was retrospectively compared to non-PGD cycles from the 2002 American Society for Reproductive Medicine-Society for Assisted Reproduction Technology report on IVF cycles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Spontaneous abortions and trisomic offspring rates. RESULT(S): The study included 2,279 cycles of PGD. The pregnancy rate per retrieval was 26.7% (average age 39.6). The mean pregnancy loss for the PGD group (0.167) was significantly lower than for the general IVF group (0.215) (P<.001). After PGD, the spontaneous abortion rate was 14.1% for ages 35-40, and 22.2% for women over 40, compared to 19.4% (P=.03) and 40.6% (P<.001), respectively, in controls. The clinical error rate of PGD (1.2%) was significantly lower than expected (4.7%) (P<.001). CONCLUSION(S): The data suggests that PGD significantly reduces the risk of spontaneous abortions in women undergoing IVF and PGD, particularly in women over 40. In addition, PGD may also reduce the risk of trisomic offspring.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed2006

The relational self revealed: integrative conceptualization and implications for interpersonal life.

The authors offer a new, integrative conceptualization of the relational self based on a synthesis of recent approaches to the self and significant others. This conceptualization provides a sharper and fuller definition of the relational self than does any existing approach alone and a common framework to interpret findings from separate literatures. The authors then present 5 propositions and evidence to support the thesis that relational selves exert a pervasive influence on interpersonal life. Specifically, relational selves (a) shape a wide range of psychological processes and outcomes, (b) exert their influence automatically, (c) serve basic orientation and meaning functions, (d) provide continuity and context-specific variability in personality, and (e) carry implications for psychological well-being. Discussion focuses on remaining issues and implications for future research.

Ego↗

PubMed2006

Self-verification and contextualized self-views.

Whereas most self-verification research has focused on people's desire to verify their global self-conceptions, the present studies examined self-verification with regard to contextualized selfviews-views of the self in particular situations and relationships. It was hypothesized that individuals whose core self-conceptions include contextualized self-views should seek to verify these self-views. In Study 1, the more individuals defined the self in dialectical terms, the more their judgments were biased in favor of verifying over nonverifying feedback about a negative, situation-specific self-view. In Study 2, consistent with research on gender differences in the importance of relationships to the self-concept, women but not men showed a similar bias toward feedback about a negative, relationship-specific self-view, a pattern not seen for global self-views. Together, the results support the notion that self-verification occurs for core self-conceptions, whatever form(s) they may take. Individual differences in self-verification and the nature of selfhood and authenticity are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis reduces pregnancy loss in women aged 35 years and older with a history of recurrent miscarriages.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) and transfer of euploid embryos would decrease spontaneous abortion rates in recurrent miscarriage (RM) patients. DESIGN: Controlled clinical study. SETTING: In vitro fertilization centers and PGD reference laboratory. PATIENT(S): Recurrent-miscarriage patients with three or more prior lost pregnancies with no known etiology. INTERVENTION(S): Biopsy of a single blastomere from each day 3 embryo, followed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The rate of spontaneous abortions in RM subjects undergoing PGD were compared with [1] their own a priori expectations and [2] a comparison group of women undergoing PGD for advanced maternal age (> or =35 years). RESULT(S): Before PGD, RM patients had lost 87% (262/301) of their pregnancies, with an expected loss rate of 36.5%. After, they only lost 16.7% pregnancies. This difference was mostly due to reduction in pregnancy loss in the > or =35-years age subgroup, to 12% from an expected 44.5%. CONCLUSION(S): Preimplantation genetic diagnosis aneuploidy screening has a beneficial effect on pregnancy outcome in RM couples, especially those in which the woman is aged > or =35 years. Our data indicate that PGD reduces the risk of miscarriage in RM patients to baseline levels.

Abortion, Habitual↗

PubMed2005

Negligible interchromosomal effect in embryos of Robertsonian translocation carriers.

It has been suggested that translocations, and perhaps other chromosome rearrangements, disturb meiotic disjunction of chromosome pairs not involved in the translocation, resulting in non-disjunction in those chromosomes (interchromosomal effect) and predisposition to trisomy offspring. Other reports have suggested an increased risk of mosaicism and chaotic embryos in translocation carriers. This study was designed to determine if such interchromosomal effects are producing significantly more chromosome abnormalities than those expected from unbalanced gametes. For that purpose, two groups of PGD patients were compared, Robertsonian translocation carriers (RBT) and carriers of X-linked diseases (XLI), of similar age. Both groups were analysed by FISH with similar DNA probes. The results indicate that overall, the higher rate of chromosome abnormalities in the RBT group was solely due to unbalanced gametes and not to an interchromosomal effect or higher incidence of mosaicism. If unbalanced and normal were combined, this proportion was 53% in XLI and 59% in RBT. However, when specific RBT translocations were studied, only a slight increase in embryos with aneuploidy for chromosome 22 was found for the t(13;14) translocation carriers, while a higher rate of post-zygotic abnormalities was observed in the more rare RBT. In conclusion, the overall rate of non-translocation related abnormalities was not increased in the RBT group compared with the control group, but a slight interchromosomal effect may exist, as some Robertsonian translocations may be more prone to produce mosaic and chaotic embryos.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Self-verification motives at the collective level of self-definition.

Three studies examined self-verification motives in relation to collective aspects of the self. Several moderators of collective self-verification were also examined--namely, the certainty with which collective self-views are held, the nature of one's ties to a source of self-verification, the salience of the collective self, and the importance of group identification. Evidence for collective self-verification emerged across all studies, particularly when collective self-views were held with high certainty (Studies 1 and 2), perceivers were somehow tied to the source of self-verification (Study 1), the collective self was salient (Study 2), and group identification was important (Study 3). To the authors' knowledge, these studies are the first to examine self-verification at the collective level of self-definition. The parallel and distinct ways in which self-verification processes may operate at different levels of self-definition are discussed.

Cooperative Behavior↗

PubMed2003

Psychological-state theories about significant others: implications for the content and structure of significant-other representations.

Three studies tested a theory-based approach to significant-other representations. The central hypothesis was that perceivers are especially likely to possess lay theories to explain the responses of their significant others, and this is reflected in the content and structure of significant-other representations. Theories were defined in IF-THEN terms as beliefs about the psychological states (e.g., "IF Bill wants to make a good impression.") that explain others' responses (e.g., ". THEN he acts friendly"). All three studies yielded evidence indicating that the content of significant-other representations is especially likely to include such psychological-state theories (PSTs). Study 3 assessed the internal structure of PSTs-specifically, the strength of the linkages between psychological-state IFs and the THENs they are believed to elicit-and showed that such linkages are particularly strong for PSTs about significant others. Overall, the findings add to the growing literature on the role of explanatory or lay-theoretical forms of knowledge in how perceivers make sense of the social world.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

The relational self: an interpersonal social-cognitive theory.

The authors propose an interpersonal social-cognitive theory of the self and personality, the relational self, in which knowledge about the self is linked with knowledge about significant others, and each linkage embodies a self-other relationship. Mental representations of significant others are activated and used in interpersonal encounters in the social-cognitive phenomenon of transference (S. M. Andersen & N. S. Glassman, 1996), and this evokes the relational self. Variability in relational selves depends on interpersonal contextual cues, whereas stability derives from the chronic accessibility of significant-other representations. Relational selves function in if-then terms (W. Mischel & Y. Shoda, 1995), in which ifs are situations triggering transference, and thens are relational selves. An individual's repertoire of relational selves is a source of interpersonal patterns involving affect, motivation, self-evaluation, and self-regulation.

Humans↗