Biomedical subjects

Shalini Gupta

Publications and source records attributed to Shalini Gupta.

21 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Indications for and long-term survival in patients with automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.

Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (AICDs) were implanted in 378 men and 95 women, mean age 69 +/- 12 years. At 3.6-year follow up, survival was 76% in patients who had an AICD because of cardiac arrest as a result of ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia not resulting from a transient or reversible cause; 85% in patients who had an AICD because of spontaneous sustained ventricular tachycardia in association with structural heart disease; 92% in patients who had an AICD because of syncope of undetermined origin with clinically relevant, hemodynamically sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation induced at electrophysiological study when drug therapy is ineffective, not tolerated, or not preferred; 84% in patients who had an AICD because of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia with coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, left ventricular dysfunction, and inducible ventricular fibrillation or sustained ventricular tachycardia at electrophysiological study that is not suppressible by a class I antiarrhythmic drug; and 85% in all 473 patients who had an AICD.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fine needle aspiration cytology of bursal cyst.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cytomorphology of bursal cyst and assess the efficacy of aspiration cytology in its diagnosis and treatment. STUDY DESIGN: Nineteen cases of bursal cyst seen over four years were studied. Material was obtained by fine needle aspiration. The smears were stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain and hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS: Eight cysts were in the popliteal fossa, 4 on the elbow, 3 on the knee, 2 on the shoulder and 2 in the calf. Gelatinous material was aspirated in all the cases. In some cases the cyst collapsed after aspiration. The key diagnostic features were hypocellular smears in a mucoid background. Histiocytelike (synovial) cells were seen lying in all cases and as pseudopapillary structures in two. CONCLUSION: The presence of a cyst at a classic location with aspiration of gelatinous material and the presence of singly occurring histiocytelike cells in a mucoid background in smears is diagnostic of bursal cyst. The procedure is therapeutic in some cases.

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Biological response modifiers in cancer therapy.

Biological response modifiers improve the body's ability to fight cancer by immunostimulation. Although a century has passed since the first attempt was made to stimulate the host immune system against cancer, only the past decade has witnessed the scientific use of biological response modifiers. Recent advances in tumour immunology have enabled the development of specific agents targeted against cancer cells. Various biological response modifiers include monoclonal antibodies, interferons, interleukins, tumour necrosis factor, colony stimulating factors and anticancer vaccines. Monoclonal antibodies directed against tumour-specific agents have been approved for the treatment of breast cancer (trastuzumab), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (rituximab) and for the diagnosis of certain cancers (oncoscint). Interferons are indicated for the treatment of certain leukaemias and Kaposi's sarcoma to inhibit tumour proliferation and angiogenesis. Interleukin-2 is the most widely studied interleukin, and is used for immunostimulation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. Haematopoletic growth factors are often combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to restore bone marrow function and treat complications such as infection and bleeding. Thalidomide, which suppresses tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and has antiangiogenic properties, is currently under evaluation in several cancers. Various anticancer vaccines are being developed using tumour cells, carbohydrates, peptides and heat-shock proteins as antigens. DNA-based vaccinations and the use of recombinant bacteria and viruses to deliver antigens or the DNA coding for them are also being investigated. However, the optimum choice of antigen, delivery vector and adjuvant, and administration regimen for some of these biological response modifiers are still being investigated.

Humans↗