Biomedical subjects

Shao-Xiang Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to Shao-Xiang Zhang.

7 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Segmentation and three-dimension reconstruction of Chinese digitized human cerebrum.

OBJECTIVE: A 3D digitized visible model of human cerebrum was built to provide anatomical structure for making plans of cerebral surgical operation and realizing accurate simulation of cerebrum on computer. METHODS: Transverse sectional anatomy data of the cerebrum were chosen from the first Chinese visible human (one male and one female). Semi-automated segmentation and Photoshop software were selected to segment cerebral cortex, white matter, basal nuclei, lateral ventricle, hippocampus, etc. On personal computer, the segmented structures were reconstructed in 3D with volume rendering reconstruction and surface rendering reconstruction. RESULTS: Two accurately segmented images of the main structures of cerebrum were completed. The reconstructed structures can be displayed singly, in small groups or as a whole and can be continuously rotated in 3D space at different velocities. CONCLUSION: Combining volume-rendering reconstruction with surface rendering reconstruction overcomes the defects of surface rendering reconstruction that lack of internal anatomical information, which provides a new method for 3D reconstruction. The reconstructed cerebrum and the main internal structures are realistic, which demonstrates the natural shape and exact position of the structures. It provides an accurate model for the automated segmentation algorithmic study and provides a digitized anatomical mode of cerebrum.

China↗

PubMed2006

Chinese visible human project.

Research on the digital visible human is of great significance and has considerable application value. The US visible human project created the first digital image dataset of a complete human (one male and one female) in 1995. To promote worldwide application-oriented visible human research, additional visible human datasets, representative of different populations of the world, are needed. The Chinese visible human (CVH) male (created in October 2002) and female (created in February 2003) Project achieved greater integrity of images, better blood vessel identification, and were free of organic disease. The most noteworthy technical advance of the Chinese visible human project (CVHP) was the construction of a low temperature laboratory, which prevented loss of small structures (including teeth, nasal conchae, and articular cartilage) from the milling surface. Thus, better integrity of images was achieved. To date, we have acquired five CVH datasets and volume rendered them for visualization on a PC. 3D reconstruction of some organs and structures has been completed and work to segment a complete dataset is under way. Although there is still a long way to go to make the visible human meet the application-oriented needs in various fields, progress is being made toward acquiring new datasets, performing segmentation, and setting up a platform of computer-assisted medicine. Here, we review the history and highlights of the CVHP and foresee its future development as well.

Anatomy↗

PubMed2004

Three-dimensional computational reconstruction of lateral skull base with plastinated slices.

The goals of this study were to build the 3D reconstructed model of lateral skull base and to explore the spatial relationships of the important structures for providing the morphological basis for lateral skull base surgery and clinical image diagnosis. Blocks with edges of about 80 mm containing the lateral skull base region and adjacent structures were sawn out from both sides of the heads and sectioned on transverse plane at a thickness of 700 microm using a plastination technique. On an SGI workstation, a Contours-Marching cubes algorithm was selected to reconstruct the 3D model of the lateral skull base. Accurate alignment of the structures in the serial macroscopic sections was obtained by the employment of the plastination technique. The quality of the reconstructed images was distinct and perfect, specifically, the spatial positions and complicated adjacent relationships of various structures of the lateral skull base can be shown in direct viewing when they are displayed in background of the cranial bony substance. The time spent in displaying or rotating one image including 50 sections was 1.5 sec; all reconstructed structures can be represented individually or jointly and rotated in any plane. The plastination technique and computer-aided 3D reconstruction have an obvious advantage in the study of the complex anatomy of the lateral skull base. Plastination technique provides cross-section images of a higher resolution than those obtained from CT scanning. The computerized 3D reconstruction is important in studying the spatial anatomy of the lateral skull base and can serve as a standard for models created with other techniques.

Epoxy Resins↗

PubMed2004

The Chinese Visible Human (CVH) datasets incorporate technical and imaging advances on earlier digital humans.

We report the availability of a digitized Chinese male and a digitzed Chinese female typical of the population and with no obvious abnormalities. The embalming and milling procedures incorporate three technical improvements over earlier digitized cadavers. Vascular perfusion with coloured gelatin was performed to facilitate blood vessel identification. Embalmed cadavers were embedded in gelatin and cryosectioned whole so as to avoid section loss resulting from cutting the body into smaller pieces. Milling performed at -25 degrees C prevented small structures (e.g. teeth, concha nasalis and articular cartilage) from falling off from the milling surface. The male image set (.tiff images each of 36 Mb) has a section resolution of 3072 x 2048 pixels ( approximately 170 micro m, the accompanying magnetic resonance imaging and computer tomography data have a resolution of 512 x 512, i.e. approximately 440 micro m). The Chinese Visible Human male and female datasets are available at http://www.chinesevisiblehuman.com. (The male is 90.65 Gb and female 131.04 Gb). MPEG videos of direct records of real-time volume rendering are at: http://www.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/~crc

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Visualization and thin sectional anatomy of the laryngeal cartilages].

OBJECTIVE: To establish digitized visible model of the laryngeal cartilages of the visible human, providing morphological data for image diagnosis and laryngectomy. METHODS: Cross-sectional images of fresh tissues from the Chinese visible human data set were reviewed, and the laryngeal cartilages structures data were used, the data was on a section-by-section basis. Three-dimensional computer reconstructions of the laryngeal cartilages were generated from these data by surface rendering on a SGI workstation. RESULTS: The digital images from the visible human offer unique insights into the complex anatomy and ossification of the laryngeal cartilages, the quality of the computerized 3D-reconstructed images was distinct and perfect. CONCLUSIONS: The visible human data set can provide complete and accurate data The digitized model of the laryngeal cartilages offer unique insights into the laryngeal anatomy, could be used for resident education, rehearsal of an unfamiliar surgery and for developing a new surgical approach.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Creation of the Chinese visible human data set.

The United States Visible Human Project (VHP) created a digital image data set of complete human male (data acquisition finished in November 1994) and female (data acquisition finished in December 1995) cadavers in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and anatomical (anatomic serial section) modes. VHP aroused worldwide enthusiasm for Visible Human Research (VHR), and the data set is being used in a variety of research and educational domains. The Visible Korean Human (VKH) male was produced in March 2001. To accelerate worldwide VHR and to promote virtual anatomy as a revolutionary break with conventional anatomy, more visible human data sets representative of different populations of the world are in demand. The Chinese Visible Human (CVH) male (created in October 2002) and female (created in February 2003) project achieved greater integrity of images, easier blood vessel identification, and were free of organic lesion (unlike the other visible human projects). We performed data acquisition, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction, and visualization with improved technology to create CVH male and female. CVH is the first volumetric data representing a complete normal adult human male and female of an Asian population. This article presents the history of Chinese Visible Human cadavers and the methods and technology used to produce the data set.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗

PubMed2003

Plastination and computerized 3D reconstruction of the temporal bone.

The purpose of this study was to generate a computerized 3D reconstruction of the temporal bone and intratemporal structures. A plastination technique was used to obtain equidistant serial thin sections of 1.2 mm thickness and, on an SGI workstation, a Contour-Marching Cubes algorithm was selected to reconstruct the temporal bone and intratemporal structures in three dimensions. All reconstructed structures can be represented individually or jointly and rotated in any plane. Any diameter and angle of a structure can be conveniently measured. The capability of reconstructing individual and combined images of intratemporal structures, viewing them from all surgical angles, and accurately measuring their spatial relationships gives skull base and otologic surgeons important guidance. The reconstructed model can also be used for resident education, rehearsal of an unfamiliar surgery, and for developing a new surgical approach.

Carotid Arteries↗