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Sharon Grant

Publications and source records attributed to Sharon Grant.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

The thematic apperception test: toward a standard measure of the big three motives.

The application of the Thematic Apperception Test to the assessment of motives has been heralded as an important milestone in personality psychology. However, although this approach is well established, there is at present no standard battery of cues for measuring the Big Three motives (achievement, affiliation, power). Furthermore, the extent to which scoring subcategories contribute to overall motive scores has been neglected. Our research with students and managers examined the effectiveness of picture cues in eliciting motive imagery and the prevalence of scoring subcategories within each motive scoring system. Results from 2 data sets comprising 547 men and women suggested that there were 3 cues that should be retained for future research and that motive scoring systems could be refined through removal of redundant subcategories. Further research is needed to systematically investigate the effectiveness of a standard battery of cues and the validity of revised motive scoring systems.

Achievement↗
PubMed2002

Probing the ATP ribose-binding domain of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 with O(6)-substituted guanine derivatives.

O(6)-substituted guanines are adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) competitive inhibitors of CDK1/cyclin B1 and CDK2/cyclin A, the O(6) substituent occupying the kinase ribose binding site. Fifty-eight O(6)-substituted guanines were prepared to probe the ribose pocket, and the structures of four representative compounds bound to monomeric CDK2 were determined by X-ray crystallography. Optimum binding occurs with a moderately sized aliphatic O(6) substituent that packs tightly against the hydrophobic patch presented by the glycine loop, centered on Val18, an interaction promoted by the conformational restraints imposed in a cyclohexylmethyl or cyclohexenylmethyl ring. Structure-based design generated (R)-(2-amino-9H-purin-6-yloxymethyl)pyrrolidin-2-one (56), which reproduces the reported hydrogen bonds formed between ATP and Asp86 and Gln131 but failed to improve inhibitory potency. Thus, the parent compound O(6)-cyclohexylmethylguanine (NU2058, 25) is the preferred starting point for exploring other areas of the kinase active site.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMed2002

An outbreak of mumps in the metropolitan area of Walsall, UK.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of excessive mumps cases during the year 2000, within the metropolitan area of Walsall, UK; to assess the impact of the mumps outbreak on morbidity; and to inform future communicable disease control strategy. METHODS: Demographic records, school attendance, uptake of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine, and mumps-associated admission to hospital, were reviewed for all Walsall residents diagnosed and notified with mumps during the year 2000. RESULTS: There were 200 mumps notifications in 2000 (76.6 per 100,000), representing the highest incidence in England. Only 91 of the notified cases were salivary antibody positive for mumps IgM, and 32 were negative, although 77 were not tested. Since 1990, annual totals have never previously exceeded 20. Over 90% of patients were <20 years old, with a peak age group of 10-14 years; 88% attended schools located within Walsall. The pattern of spread suggested that the outbreak proceeded through schools from north to south in the more deprived western half of the metropolitan area. Most cases (136, 68%) had received one (99, 49.5%) or two (37, 18.5%) doses of MMR vaccine; cases > or =20 years old had never received MMR. Six cases (aged 4-14 years) were admitted to hospital, all with a successful outcome, including one male with meningitis and one female with pancreatitis. Current uptake of the MMR vaccine at 24 months has dropped to below 90% in recent years, as in most parts of the UK. CONCLUSIONS: Future mumps outbreaks in schools, and among older age groups, can be predicted, since most older children and young adults have received only one dose of MMR vaccine or no vaccination at all. Primary vaccine failure is well described in mumps, and cases during outbreaks can include recipients of two MMR vaccine doses. It was fortunate that no severe morbidity was associated with this outbreak (prior to MMR, two to four mumps deaths occurred annually in England and Wales). Measures to restore the uptake of MMR to the previous levels of above 90-95% will be necessary to reduce the risk of the mumps virus circulating within communities. Older children are susceptible, and it may be advisable to ensure second-dose MMR uptake while they are still at or when they leave school, or when they enter college, university or the military.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Evaluation of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer for point-of-care blood testing in the intensive care units of a university children's hospital.

We evaluated the analytical performance of the i-STAT Portable Clinical Analyzer (PCA), a point-of-care testing system consisting of a hand-held analyzer and single-use cartridges that measure different panels of electrolytes, metabolites, blood gases, and hematocrit in 65-100 microl of blood. Our objective was to determine whether PCA measurements at the bedside of patients in the neonatal and pediatric intensive care units of the MUSC Children's Hospital would be as reliable as those performed by the clinical laboratory's primary methods (Radiometer ABL 725 blood gas analyzer; Vitros 750 chemistry analyzer; and Coulter STKS hematology analyzer). Four cartridge types: (a) EC8+ (sodium; potassium; chloride; urea; glucose; pH; blood gases [PO2; pCO2]), (b) EC6+ (sodium; potassium; ionized calcium; glucose; hematocrit; pH), (c) G3+ (pH; PO2; pCO2), and (d) creatinine, were assessed for reproducibility, linearity, and method comparisons using aqueous samples, blood samples supplemented with several analytes, and -225 blood samples from patients. Reproducibility (CV) was good (< 2%) for electrolytes, glucose, urea, and pH, satisfactory (< 6.5%) for blood gases and creatinine, but poor (21%) for hematocrit. Linearity concentrations spanning the clinically relevant ranges were verified for all analytes. Method comparison studies with samples separated into 2 subgroups by patient age (> or < 3 mo) showed that agreement between the PCA and the primary methods was clinically acceptable. After the PCA was implemented for clinical testing, the observation of discrepant results of creatinine concentrations in neonatal blood samples that would have affected clinical management led to a second creatinine comparison study (59 additional samples) and to our eventual discontinuation of the PCA creatinine assay. This problem notwithstanding, the successful implementation of the PCA is attributed to careful analytical evaluations and ongoing communication with the clinical staff.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗