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Shigeo Nakamura

Publications and source records attributed to Shigeo Nakamura.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

The International Consensus Classification of Mature Lymphoid Neoplasms: a report from the Clinical Advisory Committee.

Since the publication of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms in 1994, subsequent updates of the classification of lymphoid neoplasms have been generated through iterative international efforts to achieve broad consensus among hematopathologists, geneticists, molecular scientists, and clinicians. Significant progress has recently been made in the characterization of malignancies of the immune system, with many new insights provided by genomic studies. They have led to this proposal. We have followed the same process that was successfully used for the third and fourth editions of the World Health Organization Classification of Hematologic Neoplasms. The definition, recommended studies, and criteria for the diagnosis of many entities have been extensively refined. Some categories considered provisional have now been upgraded to definite entities. Terminology for some diseases has been revised to adapt nomenclature to the current knowledge of their biology, but these modifications have been restricted to well-justified situations. Major findings from recent genomic studies have impacted the conceptual framework and diagnostic criteria for many disease entities. These changes will have an impact on optimal clinical management. The conclusions of this work are summarized in this report as the proposed International Consensus Classification of mature lymphoid, histiocytic, and dendritic cell tumors.

Advisory Committees↗

Clinical implications of nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma among Japanese: study of 65 cases.

To clarify the clinical presentation and outcome of nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (NMZBL), 65 Japanese patients with this disease were studied and compared with the published literature from western countries. The clinical findings of our 65 cases were similar to those of their cases in some aspects: (1) 58% of the patients were > 60 years old (median age, 64 years); (2) there was a slight female predominance; (3) 90% of the patients exhibited asymptomatic lymphadenopathy in the head and neck area; (4) only a minority of patients had B symptoms (6%) and poor performance status (8%); and (5) only 5% of patients were positive for M-protein. However, the 65 patients in this series exhibited relatively longer 5-year overall survival (85%) and failure-free survival (60%) than the NMZBL series published in western literature, suggesting that NMZBL should be classified as indolent lymphoma. Moreover, based on the histological findings, we further classified four histological subtypes as follows: (1) splenic type (n = 7); (2) floral type (n = 9); (3) mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type (n = 29); and (4) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) + MALT type (n = 20). DLBCL + MALT type exhibited significantly poorer 5-year overall survival than the splenic variant. The recognition of DLBCL + MALT type appears important. No API2-MALT1 fusion transcript was detected in any of the 14 cases examined.

Adult↗

Helicobacter pylori-negative gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a clinicopathologic and molecular study with reference to antibiotic treatment.

BACKGROUND: The majority of gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma develops in Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Little is still known regarding the clinicopathologic features of gastric MALT lymphoma not associated with H. pylori infection. METHODS: One hundred thirty-seven patients with gastric MALT lymphoma, in whom H. pylori status was evaluated using at least both serology and histology, were enrolled. Clinical, histopathologic, and molecular findings were compared between H. pylori-negative group (n = 12; 9%) and H. pylori-positive group (n = 125; 91%). t(11;18)(q21;q21) was investigated by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: In cases without diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) component, H. pylori-negative lymphomas located more frequently in the proximal stomach (70%), less frequently appeared as superficial type (40%), and frequently invaded the submucosa or beyond (70%). Histologically, lymphoepithelial lesions (57%), lymphoid follicles (43%), and background mucosal atrophy (50%) in the H. pylori-negative group were less frequent than in the H. pylori-positive group (91%, 93%, and 100%, respectively). The frequencies of t(11;18)(q21;q21) (100%) and BCL10 nuclear expression (100%) in the H. pylori-negative group were significantly higher than in the H. pylori-positive group (2% and 27%, respectively). Response to antibiotic treatment was observed not only in the H. pylori-positive group (75%), but also in the H. pylori-negative group (2 of 7 patients, 29%). In cases with a DLBCL component, such differences were not observed between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphoma is characterized by frequent t(11;18)(q21;q21). Antibiotic treatment should be considered also for this disease, although cases with t(11;18)(q21;q21) may need additional strategies.

Adolescent↗

Modification of cocaine-induced behavioral and neurochemical effects by serotonin1A receptor agonist/antagonist in mice.

Administration of cocaine causes a locomotor stimulant effect and increases extracellular levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) in the brains of rodents. Previous studies show that 5-HT1A receptor agonist and antagonist modify the cocaine-induced behavioral and neurochemical effects in the rats. However, the role of the 5-HT system on the effects of cocaine has not been studied in the prefrontal cortex. The present study examined in ddY-strain male mice the effects of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist osemozotan and the receptor antagonist WAY100635 on cocaine-induced locomotor stimulant effect and increases in extracellular levels of 5-HT and DA in the prefrontal cortex. The cocaine-induced locomotor stimulant effect was attenuated by osemozotan and enhanced by WAY100635. The cocaine-induced increase in extracellular levels of 5-HT was attenuated by osemozotan, and enhanced by WAY100635. The cocaine-induced increase in extracellular levels of DA was enhanced by osemozotan, but not affected by WAY100635. These results suggest that the prefrontal 5-HT system plays a pivotal role in the locomotor stimulant effect of cocaine in mice.

Animals↗

Lack of enhanced effect of antipsychotics combined with fluvoxamine on acetylcholine release in rat prefrontal cortex.

We have shown that coadministration of sulpiride and fluvoxamine preferentially increases the release of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. To study the possible role of the cortical cholinergic system in this effect, we combined several other antipsychotic drugs with fluvoxamine and examined the effects on acetylcholine release in rat prefrontal cortex. Risperidone and clozapine significantly increased the release of acetylcholine but sulpiride did not, and fluvoxamine did not enhance the effects of the antipsychotics. These results further support the previous suggestion that the cortical dopamine system plays an important role in the effects of antipsychotic drugs administered in combination with fluvoxamine.

Acetylcholine↗

Florid monocytoid B-cell hyperplasia resembling nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue type. A histological and immunohistochemical study of four cases.

A pale ring of medium-to-large cells surrounding the follicles, namely a marginal zone distribution pattern, is the key criterion for diagnosing nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (NMZBL). The tumor cells of NMZBL occasionally exhibit the morphology of monocytoid B-cells (MBC). However, this condition can be difficult to distinguish from MBC hyperplasia in reactive conditions. We describe the histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of four cases exhibiting florid MBC hyperplasia and resembling NMZBLs. The patients consisted of three males and one female (age range 48-64 years) who had asymptomatic lymphadenopathy in the head and neck area. Histologically, a pale ring surrounding more than 75% of the lymphoid follicles characterizes the lesion. The lymphoid follicles usually had hyperplastic germinal centers, and progressive transformation of germinal center was noted in two cases. The pale ring was composed of medium-to-large cells with indented or round nuclei and relatively abundant pale clear cytoplasm. Numerous plasma cells were observed in one case. The overall histomorphological findings in these four cases were similar to those of NMZBLs. However, immunohistochemical investigations demonstrated that MBCs were CD43- and bcl-2-. Moreover, immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry studies demonstrated the polytypic nature of B-lymphocytes. Recognition of this unusual MBC hyperplasia in reactive lymph node lesions is important to avoid confusion with NMZBLs.

B-Lymphocytes↗

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL): a clinicopathologic study of 96 cases with special reference to the immunophenotypic heterogeneity of CD5.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is pathologically distinct with a broad clinical spectrum and immunophenotypic heterogeneity. A series of 96 patients with IVLBCL (median age, 67 years; range, 41-85 years; 50 men) was reviewed. Anemia/thrombocytopenia (84%), hepatosplenomegaly (77%), B symptoms (76%), bone marrow involvement (75%), and hemophagocytosis (61%) were frequently observed. The International Prognostic Index score was high or high-intermediate in 92%. For 62 patients receiving anthracycline-based chemotherapies, median survival was 13 months. CD5, CD10, Bcl-6, MUM1, and Bcl-2 were positive in 38%, 13%, 26%, 95%, and 91% of tumors, respectively. All 59 CD10- IVLBCL cases examined were nongerminal center B-cell type because they lacked the Bcl-6+MUM1- immunophenotype. CD5 positivity was associated with a higher prevalence of marrow/blood involvement and thrombocytopenia and a lower frequency of neurologic abnormalities among patients with CD10-IVLBCL. Compared with 97 cases of de novo CD5+CD10-diffuse LBCL, 31 cases of CD5+CD10-IVLBCL exhibited higher frequencies of poor prognostic parameters, except age. Multivariate analysis in IVLBCL revealed that a lack of anthracycline-based chemotherapies (P<.001, hazard ratio [HR]: 9.256), age older than 60 years (P=.012, HR: 2.459), and thrombocytopenia less than 100x10(9)/L (P=.012, HR: 2.427) were independently unfavorable prognostic factors; CD5 positivity was not. Beyond immunophenotypic diversity, IVLBCL constitutes a unique group with aggressive behavior.

Adult↗

Effects of osemozotan, ritanserin and azasetron on cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in mice.

Repeated intermittent administration of psychostimulants causes behavioral sensitization in rodents. Previous studies using serotonin (5-HT) receptor ligands show that the 5-HT system is involved in cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in rats, but the role of the 5-HT system has not been studied in mice. The present study examined the effects of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist osemozotan, the 5-HT(2) receptor antagonist ritanserin and the 5-HT(3) receptor antagonist azasetron on cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in male ddY mice. Repeated administration of cocaine for 7 days enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity, and this sensitization was observed even after withdrawal for 7-14 days. Cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization after a 7-day withdrawal was significantly reduced with the coadministration of osemozotan, ritanserin or azasetron with cocaine repeatedly for 7 days. A single injection of osemozotan or ritanserin before cocaine challenge also reduced repeated cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. However, none of these ligands inhibited cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization, when each drug was administered for 7 days after repeated cocaine administration. These results suggest that the central 5-HT system plays a role in the development and expression, but not maintenance, of behavioral sensitization in cocaine-treated mice.

Animals↗

Prognostic significance of T-cell or cytotoxic molecules phenotype in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study.

PURPOSE: Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) is characterized by Hodgkin's and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells, most of which are derived from germinal-center B cells. Nevertheless, one or more markers for T cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDC) may be expressed in a minority of H-RS cells in some CHL patients, although the clinical significance of this remains controversial. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between phenotypic expression and clinical outcome in CHL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Participants were 324 consecutive CHL patients, comprising 132 patients with nodular sclerosis (NS), 35 patients with NS grade 2 (NS2), and 157 patients with mixed cellularity (MC). We evaluated the presenting features and prognosis of patients on categorization into four phenotypically defined groups: B-cell (CD20+ and/or CD79a+; n = 63), T-cell and/or cytotoxic molecules (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD45RO+, TIA-1+, and/or granzyme B+; n = 27), FDC (CD21+ without B-cell marker; n = 22), and null-cell types (n = 212). Other potential prognostic factors were examined. RESULTS: The T-cell and/or cytotoxic molecules group showed a significantly poorer prognosis than the other three groups (P < .0001). This finding was seen consistently in multivariate analyses. Morphologic subtyping (NS/NS2/MC) and Epstein-Barr virus positivity were not identified as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: The presence of T-cell and/or cytotoxic antigens in H-RS cells may represent a poor prognostic factor in CHL, even if their expression is not regarded as lineage specific. Examination of T-cell and/or cytotoxic molecules phenotype in CHL patients is recommended as a routine pathologic practice.

Adolescent↗

Attenuation by the 5-HT1A receptor agonist osemozotan of the behavioral effects of single and repeated methamphetamine in mice.

This study examined the effects of the selective 5-HT1A receptor agonist osemozotan on repeated methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavioral sensitization and single METH-induced locomotor stimulant effect in mice, and then the neurochemical mechanisms using in vivo microdialysis. Repeated administration of METH for 7 days enhanced METH challenge-induced locomotor activity, and this sensitization was observed even after its withdrawal for 7-14 days. Administration of osemozotan to METH-sensitized mice inhibited the maintenance of behavioral sensitization. This effect was blocked by a low dose of WAY100635, a selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist. A METH challenge increased the extracellular levels of dopamine (DA), 5-HT, and noradrenaline in the prefrontal cortex, but only the increase in 5-HT release was enhanced by repeated METH administration. This augmented response of 5-HT release was attenuated by osemozotan in a WAY100635-sensitive way. A single administration of osemozotan to drug naïve mice inhibited METH-induced locomotor stimulant effect and reduced METH-induced increase in prefrontal 5-HT, but not DA, release. These results suggest that prefrontal 5-HT release is involved at least partly in the effects of osemozotan on single and repeated METH-induced behavioral effects in mice, and imply that the 5-HT1A receptors may have a potential therapeutic value in the remission of schizophrenia.

Analysis of Variance↗

Methtrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorders. A clinicopathological study of 13 Japanese cases.

We conducted clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analyses to investigate the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) among 13 cases with methotrexate (MTX)-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). The subjects of this study were four men and nine women ranging in age from 53 to 78 years (mean: 63 years). All 13 patients had received low dose MTX therapy for 1-13 years before the onset of LPD (mean: 5.8 years). LPDs were found at extranodal sites in six cases, and the disease stage was advanced in seven cases. The present study confirmed certain aspects of a previous observation made in the USA, including the following findings (i) the cases commonly showed diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (n=4) and Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) (n=3), (ii) EBV-encoded small RNA (EBER) + cells were identified in seven cases (60%), which is a much higher percentage than would be expected in lymphomas occurring in a general population, and (iii) three cases of polymorphous small lymphocytic or lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate achieved spontaneous remission of LPDs after MTX withdrawal. Of seven cases of EBER + in our series, three cases were PSLLPI, and two were HL. EBER + tumor cells were detected in only two (30%) of the seven cases with non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The present study suggests that EBV- associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas comprise only a portion of all non-Hodgkin lymphomas among MTX-associated LPDs.

Aged↗

Expression profiling analysis of the CD5+ diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subgroup: development of a CD5 signature.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accounts for 30% of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and is known to comprise heterogeneous groups. We previously reported that CD5+ DLBCL is a clinically distinct subgroup of these tumors that is associated with poor prognosis. In our current study, we have used gene expression profiling technology in an attempt to identify new markers and to further characterize the biological features of CD5+ DLBCL. Candidate genes, which showed the greatest difference in expression between 22 CD5+ and 26 CD5- DLBCL cases, were selected from our screening and subjected to clustering analysis. This resulted in identification of a specific mRNA profile (a CD5 signature) for CD5+ DLBCL. The CD5 signature included downregulated extracellular matrix genes such as POSTN, SPARC, COL1A1, COL3A1, CTSK, MMP9 and LAMB3, and comprised upregulated genes including TRPM4. We tested this CD5 signature for its potential use as a relevant marker for CD5+ DLBCL and found that it did indeed recognize this subgroup. The tumors identified by the CD5 signature contained most of the CD5+ DLBCL cases and some CD5- DLBCL cases. Moreover, the subgroup of cases with this CD5 signature showed a poorer prognosis. The subsequent application of the CD5 signature to the analysis of an independent series of DLBCL microarray data resulted in identification of a subgroup of DLBCL cases with a similar clinical outcome, further suggesting that the CD5 signature can be used as a clinically relevant marker of this disease.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗

Histological varieties of Epstein-Barr virus-related lymph node lesion resembling autoimmune disease-like clinicopathological findings in middle-aged and elderly patients: a study of six cases.

Six cases were studied to further clarify clinicopathological findings of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related lymph node lesions showing autoimmune disease-like clinicopathological findings (EBVAID) in middle-aged and elderly patients. The patients, four males and two females, ranged in age from 53 to 74 years, with a median age of 62 years. Clinically, they were characterized by systemic lymphadenopathy, "B"symptoms, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and a transient presence of various autoantibodies, as well as an infrequent presence of atypical lymphocytosis in peripheral blood. Two cases were associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. The clinical course was self-limiting. Histologically, three patterns could be delineated: pattern A, follicular hyperplasia with pronounced arborizing vasculature in the expanded paracortex (n=3); pattern B, follicular hyperplasia with pronounced interfollicular B-immunoblastic/plasma cell proliferation (n=2); and pattern C, paracortical hyperplasia containing numerous large transformed lymphocytes (n=1). In situ hybridization demonstrated a varying number of EBV-infected lymphocytes in the germinal center and in the interfollicular area. Polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that neither clonal rearrangement of T-cell receptor gamma-chain nor immunoglobulin heavy-chain rearrangement was detected in the three cases examined. Although EBVAID appears to be rare in middle-aged and older adults, EBVAID exhibits histological variations and should be added to the differential diagnosis of various atypical or malignant lymphoproliferative disorders, in particular autoimmune-disease-associated lymphadenopathy and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma with a hyperplastic germinal center in middle-aged and elderly patients.

Aged↗

MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript defines a favorable subset of mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the salivary gland. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma translocated gene 1-mastermind-like gene family (MECT1-MAML2) gene fusion was identified from a recurring t(11;19)(q21;p13) translocation, which is often the sole cytogenetic alteration in this disease. This fusion transcript has been frequently detected in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and shown to be involved in the transformation of epithelial cells. However, its clinicopathologic significance remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Seventy-one cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma and 51 cases of nonmucoepidermoid carcinoma salivary gland tumors (including 26 Warthin tumor cases) were retrospectively analyzed. RNA was extracted from archival materials: histologic paraffin specimens in all cases and cytologic specimens in 10 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases. The MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript was detected by a reverse transcription-PCR assay, which can be applied to both histologic and cytologic specimens. The presence of the fusion transcript was correlated with relevant clinicopathologic and survival data of the mucoepidermoid carcinoma patients. RESULTS: The MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript was detected in 27 of the 71 (38%) mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases but not in any case of nonmucoepidermoid carcinoma tumors. The reverse transcription-PCR results showed no difference between histologic and cytologic specimens. Detection of the MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript was associated with a less advanced clinical stage and a low-grade tumor histology. The presence of the transcript was associated with longer disease-free and overall survivals on univariate analysis and emerged as an independent prognostic factor for longer overall survival on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The MECT1-MAML2 fusion transcript may be specific to mucoepidermoid carcinoma and associated with a distinct mucoepidermoid carcinoma subset that exhibits favorable clinicopathologic features and an indolent clinical course.

Adolescent↗

Masculinization of female golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus using an aromatase inhibitor treatment during sex differentiation.

To elucidate the involvement of endogenous estrogen (estradiol-17beta; E2) and the decisive factor (somatic or germinal element) in the ovarian differentiation of tropical marine teleosts, the effect of the aromatase inhibitor (AI) fadrozole on gonadal sex differentiation in the golden rabbitfish Siganus guttatus (Bloch) was examined for different dosages and periods of treatment. Fadrozole interrupted ovarian cavity formation at a dose of 500 microg g(-1) diet, while there was little effect at 10 or 100 microg g(-1). The gonads from both the 30-day and 90-day administration (500 microg g(-1) diet) groups were significantly biased toward testes (P=0.002 and <0.0001, respectively), which suggests strongly that E2 is involved in early ovarian differentiation and that its suppression is an indispensable condition for testicular differentiation in S. guttatus. The results from the two different AI treatment periods imply that the initial feminization of somatic gonadal elements determines subsequent ovarian differentiation, including oogenesis: a conclusion supported by the considerable time lag between ovarian cavity formation and subsequent oogenesis during normal ovarian differentiation in S. guttatus.

Animals↗

Protective effect of the radical scavenger edaravone against methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mouse striatum.

The administration of high doses of methamphetamine causes the degeneration of striatal dopaminergic fibers in the brains of rodents, and oxidative stress appears to be one of the main factors of neurotoxicity. This study examined whether edaravone, a radical scavenger, protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Methamphetamine treatment (4 mg/kg, s.c. x 4 with 2 h intervals) showed striatal dopaminergic degeneration as observed by decreases in dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the striatum. The neurotoxicity was reduced by edaravone (3 mg/kg, i.p.), when it was administered four times 30 min before methamphetamine at 2 h intervals and additionally four times after methamphetamine at 12 h intervals. An immunohistochemical study showed that methamphetamine increased 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, an in vivo marker of peroxynitrite production, and activated microglia and astrocytes in the striatum. Edaravone blocked the increase in 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity and the activation of astrocytes, but it did not affect the activation of microglia. Edaravone did not affect methamphetamine-induced hyperthermia and striatal dopamine release. These results suggest that edaravone protects against methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the striatum by blocking peroxynitrite production. This study also suggests that methamphetamine activates microglia in a radical-independent mechanism.

Animals↗

Analyses of dose-response in radiotherapy for patients with mature T/NK-cell lymphomas according to the WHO classification.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study was conducted to analyze the influence of radiotherapy doses and chemotherapy doses and clinical parameters on in-field disease control in order to assess the optimal radiation doses for treatment of mature T/NK-cell lymphomas according to the newly proposed WHO classification. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Subjects consisted of 62 patients with mature T/NK-cell lymphomas treated with radiotherapy at four Japanese institutions between 1983 and 2002. We reevaluated all histopathological specimens of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL), using the WHO classification. Radiation therapy was usually delivered to the involved field. The majority of patients also received adriamycin-based chemotherapy such as CHOP, modified CHOP, or more intensive chemotherapy. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in radiosensitivity among subtypes of mature T/NK-cell lymphomas, at least between extranodal NK/T-cell lymphomas, nasal type and peripheral T-cell lymphomas, unspecified. There was a radiation dose-response in non-bulky mature T/NK-cell lymphomas, indicating that radiation doses of more than 52 Gy may be required to obtain in-field control. However, it was difficult to obtain local control of bulky T-cell lymphomas, even with high doses of irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: Mature T/NK-cell lymphomas were more radioresistant than B-cell lymphomas such as diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The chemotherapy including adriamycin did not improve the in-field control of mature T/NK-cell lymphomas. These results were obtained by using non-randomized data and the significance of these results is limited by bias in data. However, our results suggest that the treatment strategy which is usually used for DLBCL, that is, a combined modality of CHOP and around 40 Gy of radiotherapy, may not be sufficiently effective for mature T/NK-cell lymphomas.

Adult↗

Immunocytochemical detection using CDX2: An aid for discerning tumor involvement in ascites cytology.

BACKGROUND: Although ascites cytology is important for therapeutic strategies, it is difficult to distinguish cancer infiltration from reactive mesothelial proliferation in some patients. In this study, the authors applied CDX2 immunocytochemistry to improve diagnostic accuracy. METHODS: The authors examined the distribution of CDX2 expression in carcinoma specimens using paraffin-embedded tissues from various organs from 549 cancer patients. CDX2 immunostaining was applied to the 116 ascites specimens. RESULTS: CDX2 expression was detected in a restricted range of cancers, with the vast majority of them originating from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. When applied to ascites specimens, no positive reactions were detected in any of the 81 cytology-negative and molecular genetic analysis-negative specimens. By contrast, 28 of 35 specimens diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy or malignancy showed a positive reaction. Furthermore, the authors found that a nuclear-positive reaction was easily evaluated, even with a high level of background staining, and single cancer cells in 10(6) normal cells could be detected. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that CDX2 is a specific and sensitive marker to detect gastrointestinal and pancreatic malignancies in ascites cytology.

Adenocarcinoma↗