Biomedical subjects

Shigeru Sonoda

Publications and source records attributed to Shigeru Sonoda.

8 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Antidiabetic effects of dietary administration of Aloe arborescens Miller components on multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice: investigation on hypoglycemic action and systemic absorption dynamics of aloe components.

We carried out three experimental trials to determine antidiabetic effects of Aloe arborescens Miller components. Firstly, ICR mice which received frequent injections of streptozotocin (Sz) in small doses (low-dose Sz-induced diabetes mice) were fed ad libitum with basal diets supplemented with components of Aloe arborescens Miller var. natalensis Berger (Kidachi aloe) and Aloe vera Linne from 31 days before to 73 days after the Sz injections. Variation in blood glucose levels, incidence rates of insulitis and blood insulin levels were examined during the trial. As a result, groups receiving diets supplemented at the rate of 2% with whole leaf of Kidachi aloe and 10 KDa fraction powder (a fraction with less than 10 KDa molecular weight derived from Kidachi aloe leaf skin juice by ultra filtration) significantly suppressed the elevation of blood sugar as compared to a control group receiving basal diet. In contrast, there was no significant effect with Aloe vera leaf pulp powder. Insulitis emerged at the rate of 87% in the basal diet group. On the contrary, the whole aloe leaf and 10 KDa fraction groups significantly decreased the incidence of insulitis and incidence rates of whole aloe leaf and 10 KDa fraction powder were 51 and 38%, respectively. While insulin levels in the basal diet group averaged at 0.05 ng, more than four times the insulin level was observed in the 10 KDa group relative to the basal diet group. Secondary, the inhibitory effects of test materials on intestinal glucose absorption were observed using the jejunum of rats. A strong inhibitory action on intestinal glucose absorption was observed in the 10 KDa fraction powder group. Thirdly, phenol compounds derived from aloe in the blood serum and organs were quantitatively measured by a HPLC following forced administration of aloe components to rats to determine absorption kinetics of aloe components inside the body. The primary component of aloe phenol compounds is the same component of the 10 KDa fraction powder and it was found in the pancreas and liver in addition to in the blood serum. The above results indicate that fore and aft when Sz injections could cause selective toxicity to B cells of islets, the dietary administration of 10 KDa fraction powder to mice would lead to the persistence of aloe phenol compound having an antioxidant activity in the pancreas and blood, which could protect islets of Langerhans from the destruction caused by methyl radical derived from Sz. The results also suggested the possibility of the 10 KDa fraction powder to alleviate the burden of insulin secretion as it has an inhibitory action on glucose absorption in the jejunum of rats.

Aloe↗

PubMed2005

Development of a novel type of shoe to improve the efficiency of knee-ankle-foot orthoses with a medial single hip joint (Primewalk orthoses): a novel type of shoe for Primewalk orthosis.

The purpose of the study was to develop and evaluate a new heel cushion in shoes for use with knee-ankle-foot orthoses having a medial single hip joint (Primewalk orthoses) in order to improve walking velocity and efficiency. Primewalk orthoses and shoes were made for a 24-year-old man having paraplegia with flaccid paresis (level T-7; grade A, ASIA impairment scale) of 2 years' duration. Walking exercises were assigned. Shoes were modified with the sole made of hard rubber and the addition of soft rubber heel cushions. The walking speed, centre of foot pressure during walking, and ground reaction force were evaluated. The patient also subjectively assessed the devices. The modifications to the shoes resulted in a 1.94-fold increase in walking speed (8.6 to 16.7 m/min), a 1.87-fold increase in step length (16.7 to 31.3 cm) and a 54.8% decrease in the physiological cost index (7.7 to 3.48 beats/min). The centre of foot pressure during walking was found to deviate towards the lateral margin of the foot. The horizontal rotation of the pelvis increased simultaneously. The patient reported increased amplitude of flail motion of the trunk and decreased burden to the upper limbs. It was concluded that the modified new heel cushion of the shoe provided freedom to the lower legs and thereby increased walking efficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Reliability and validity of a wheelchair collision test for screening behavioral assessment of unilateral neglect after stroke.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the reliability and validity of a new wheelchair collision test (WCT) for screening behavioral unilateral neglect in people with stroke. DESIGN: A total of 19 patients with left hemiplegia resulting from first-ever stroke (mean +/- SD, 61.9 +/- 25.8 days after onset) were examined with the WCT, whereby the patient was asked to propel a wheelchair to pass four round chairs arranged in two rows. Separate tests were done using two different distances between the chairs: 120 and 140 cm. The number of collisions with the chairs was recorded. The Catherine Bergego Scale was used to evaluate behavioral unilateral neglect. Because unilateral neglect has an unfavorable impact on rehabilitation, the FIMtrade mark instrument was used to determine the function of daily activities. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.68 to 0.97 in different situations in the WCT. The rate of agreement tested by Kappa statistics between the WCT and Catherine Bergego Scale was higher when the distance between chairs was 120 cm than when the distance was 140 cm (0.68 vs. 0.58). Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient between the WCT and Catherine Bergego Scale was 0.72 (P < 0.001) if the distance between the chairs was 120 cm and 0.75 (P < 0.001) if the distance was 140 cm. The WCT and Catherine Bergego Scale correlated well with the FIM instrument. Spearman's rank-correlation coefficient between the Catherine Bergego Scale and FIM total score was -0.70 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The WCT is a simple screening test with high test-retest reliability and validity to evaluate behavioral unilateral neglect.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Line bisection and rebisection: the crossover effect of space location.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the bisection test and the severity of behavioral hemineglect and to verify if this test can predict the behavioral hemineglect. METHODS: Thirty stroke patients with left hemiparesis were divided into 4 groups according to the Catherine Bergego Scale, which assessed the behavioral hemineglect: severe unilateral neglect (UN), moderate UN, mild UN, and lack of UN. Eleven healthy subjects served as age-matched control subjects. In the bisection test, 18 lines were presented on the left, middle, and right of an A4 paper, respectively. The subjects were asked to place a short cross mark in the exact middle point of each line on the paper using their right hand. The middle 6 lines in the above bisection test were extracted on another sheet of A4 paper for the rebisection test. The subjects were asked to divide a line into 4 segments by successive bisections. The proportion of the right part to the length of line for bisecting was calculated. RESULTS: In the bisection test, the main effect of space was significant in every group except the mild neglect group. The crossover effect of space location was found in the severe UN group, the group without UN, and the controls. In the severe UN group, the patients bisected the left and middle lines with rightward bias (<50%) but bisected the right lines with leftward bias (>50%). In the group without UN and the controls, the subjects bisected the left lines with leftward bias (>50%) but bisected the middle and right lines with rightward bias (<50%). Almost the same results were seen in the rebisection test. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that if the spatial crossover effect occurred in the right space condition, it was strongly supported that this patient had moderate to severe behavioral hemineglect. The crossover effect of the space location was explained by a new model.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Full-time integrated treatment program, a new system for stroke rehabilitation in Japan: comparison with conventional rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the effectiveness of the Full-time Integrated Treatment (FIT) program that is characterized by rehabilitation 7 days/wk, encouragement of daytime activity, and enhanced communication between staff in stroke rehabilitation. DESIGN: Since our facility changed from the conventional rehabilitation system of 5 days of treatment to the FIT program in December 2000, we compared the conventional rehabilitation program with the FIT program at our hospital. The conventional treatment group and the FIT group consisted of 48 and 58 first-stroke hemiplegics, respectively. RESULTS: The motor subscore of the FIM instrument at admission and at discharge was 64.3 and 77.0 in the conventional group and 60.6 and 80.9 in the FIT group, respectively. The length of stay and efficiency of the FIM instrument were 80.0 days and 0.16 in the conventional group and 69.8 days and 0.30 in the FIT group, respectively. These differences between groups were statistically significant, with the exception of admission FIM data. CONCLUSIONS: Because the FIT program attained a higher discharge FIM level with a shorter length of stay, the FIT program was concluded to be an efficient and effective method of stroke rehabilitation.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Development of a new measure to assess trunk impairment after stroke (trunk impairment scale): its psychometric properties.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate reliability, validity, internal structure, and responsiveness of our newly developed Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) for patients with stroke. DESIGN: A total of 73 patients with stroke participated in this prospective study. Interrater reliability (weighted kappa statistics), content validity (principal component analysis), concurrent validity (Spearman's rank correlation with the Trunk Control Test), predictive validity (prediction of discharge FIM scores), and responsiveness (standardized response mean values) were examined. Internal consistency and item difficulties were analyzed with Rasch analysis. RESULTS: The weighted kappa of each TIS item ranged from 0.66 to 1.0. Principal component analysis revealed that the TIS measured a domain similar to the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set trunk items but different from the Stroke Impairment Assessment Set motor and visuospatial items. The TIS correlated with the Trunk Control Test (r = 0.91). To predict discharge FIM motor scores, addition of the TIS as one of the predictors to age, time from onset, and admission FIM score increased the adjusted R2 from 0.66 to 0.75. With Rasch analysis, the misfit was acceptable, except for the abdominal muscle strength item. The difficulty patterns were similar at admission and discharge, except for the abdominal muscle strength item. The responsiveness of the TIS was satisfactory and comparable with that of the Trunk Control Test (standardized response mean values, 0.94 and 1.06). CONCLUSIONS: Our newly developed TIS is reliable, valid, and responsive for use in stroke outcome research.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

[A follow-up study on mental and physical function function among stroke patients: comparisons between admission and discharge status in a rehabilitation-specialized hospital].

PURPOSE: To assess results of a 5 year-follow-up, in terms of disability, depression, quality of life, and social network in cases of stroke patients. This report deal with results at admission and discharge (in average, from 2.5 to 6 months of the onset) in a rehabilitation-specialzed hospital. OBJECT AND METHOD: The subjects were 87 stroke patients hospitalized in the Ibaraki Prefectural University Hospital. They were 64 men and 23 women, and their age were between 42 and 79 with an average of 59 years. Systematic evaluation for mental and physical functions was conducted at admission and discharge, and it is intended that the evaluation will be repeated 1, 2, 3 and 5 years from the stroke onset. RESULTS: There were substantial improvements in motor functions, general intelligence, and the status of dementia during the hospitalization. Activities of daily living and degrees of job execution and satisfactory were also improved. The prevalence of depression remained 40%, and the acceptance of limb paralysis or reduced quality of life did not change. Social network scores declined. DISCUSSION: Lack of improvement of depressive status and quality of life, and deterioration social network may increase the rist of major difficulties after discharge of stoke patients. Prevention programs at hospital may be necessary to cope with these potential problems.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Incidence and consequence of falls in inpatient rehabilitation of stroke patients.

The incidence rate, location, and timing of falls and performance of activities of daily living (ADLs) in 256 patients with stroke admitted to an 88-bed rehabilitation ward was observed with information on falls and level of ADLs upon admission extracted from patients' records. Of 273 falls among 121 of the 256 patients, 229 occurred in the patient's room or lavatory and 147 within 4 weeks of admission. Significant differences were detected between motor subscores under 64 and over 65 on the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) in fall proportional analysis. The mean fall rate in motor subclass of 26 to 38 was higher than in other subgroups. Those with cognitive subscore on the FIM lower than 29 were prone to fall. Also, deteriorated motor and cognitive functions were associated with a high risk of falls.

Accidental Falls↗