Biomedical subjects

Shin Kariya

Publications and source records attributed to Shin Kariya.

15 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

TH1/TH2 and regulatory cytokines in adults with otitis media with effusion.

OBJECTIVE: Otitis media with effusion is one of the most common and intractable ear diseases. However, the role of Th1, Th2, and immunoregulatory cytokines on the pathogenesis of the disease in adult patients remains to be determined. The aim of this study is to disclose the cytokine expression in middle ear effusions (MEEs) in adults and to compare the profile on the basis of the presence of allergic rhinitis and the type of effusions. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective controlled clinical study. PATIENTS: MEEs were collected from 80 adult subjects. The concentration of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-gamma in MEEs were determined by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma in MEEs were detected in 60 (75.0%), 33 (41.3%), 42 (52.5%), 14 (17.5%), 80 (100%), and 66 (82.5%) samples, respectively. Among these cytokines, only the concentration of IL-4 in the allergic rhinitis-positive group was significantly higher than that in the allergic rhinitis-negative group. On the other hand, IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-gamma were detected, regardless of the presence of allergic rhinitis, and the concentration of these cytokines correlated with each other. The correlation between the concentration of IL-4 and IL-5 was also detected. In addition, both the incidence rate and the concentration of IL-10 in MEEs were significantly higher in the mucoid type compared with those in the serous type effusions. CONCLUSION: Regardless of allergic status, IL-12 may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion by affecting the production of IL-2 and IFN-gamma. In addition, IL-4 may have some impact on the immunologic condition in adults with allergic rhinitis. IL-10 potentially affects the viscosity of MEEs.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

E prostanoid 2 (EP2)/EP4-mediated suppression of antigen-specific human T-cell responses by prostaglandin E2.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a lipid mediator that displays important immunomodulatory properties, such as polarization of cytokine production by T cells. Recent investigations have revealed that the effect of PGE2 on cytokine production is greatly influenced by external stimuli; however, it is unclear whether PGE2 plays a significant role in major histocompatibility complex-mediated antigen-specific T-cell responses via binding to one of four subtypes of E prostanoid (EP) receptor alone or in combination. In the present study, we sought to determine the effect of PGE2 on antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses in humans, especially in terms of receptor specificity. We used purified protein derivative (PPD) and Cry j 1 as T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2-inducing antigens, respectively. We generated several different Cry j 1- and PPD-specific T-cell lines (TCLs). PGE2 significantly and dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation and subsequent production of interleukin-4 by Cry j 1-specific TCLs and of interferon-gamma by PPD-specific TCLs upon antigen stimulation. Administration of EP2 receptor agonist and EP4 receptor agonist suppressed these responses in an adenylate cyclase-dependent manner, while EP1 and EP3 receptor agonists did not. Messenger RNA for EP2, EP3 and EP4, but not EP1, receptors were detected in Cry j 1- and PPD-specific TCLs, and no differences in EP receptor expression were observed between them. Furthermore, PGE2 and EP2 receptor agonist significantly inhibited interleukin-5 and interferon-gamma production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to Cry j 1 and PPD stimulation, respectively. These results suggest that PGE2 suppresses both Th1- and Th2-polarized antigen-specific human T-cell responses via a cAMP-dependent EP2/EP4-mediated pathway.

Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors↗

PubMed2005

Adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck: Report of five cases.

OBJECTIVE: Adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma is a rare tumor, and thus the management of the tumor has not been established. METHODS: The retrospective review of the clinical records at Okayama University was performed. RESULTS: We present five cases of adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck, including a rare case with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma. There was no response to chemotherapy with nedaplatin and 5-FU, but the nasopharyngeal adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma showed a remarkable regression after the administration of docetaxel. CONCLUSION: The combination therapy that includes docetaxel may be a promising treatment for adenocarcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma of the head and neck.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗

PubMed2005

Quantitative study of the vestibular sensory epithelium in cochleosaccular dysplasia.

BACKGROUND: Cochleosaccular dysplasia is the most common pathologic finding seen in children with profound congenital sensorineural hearing loss. There has been no quantitative study on the peripheral vestibular system in cochleosaccular dysplasia. OBJECTIVE: To investigate quantitatively the extent of pathologic changes of the vestibular sensory epithelium in cochleosaccular dysplasia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirteen temporal bones with congenital deafness from 10 individuals were selected for this study from the temporal bone collection of University of Minnesota that showed suitable pathologic findings for the histopathologic criteria of cochleosaccular dysplasia. Age-matched normal control temporal bones were also selected. The vestibular hair cells including types I and II hair cells were counted separately in the saccular macula, utricular macula, and three cristae of the semicircular canals using Nomarski microscopy. RESULTS: The hair cell densities of types I and II hair cells in the macula of the saccule in cochleosaccular dysplasia were significantly decreased compared with the data of normal subjects. Both types I and II hair cells in the utricular macula and the cristae of the three semicircular canals in cochleosaccular dysplasia were well preserved, and no significant difference was observed between findings of cochleosaccular dysplasia and normal controls in the utricle and the three semicircular canals. CONCLUSIONS: In cases with cochleosaccular dysplasia, the neurosensorial hair cells of the saccule were affected; however, the osseous labyrinth, the membranous utricle, and the semicircular canals were normal. Further studies should be performed to establish the pathogenesis of cochleosaccular dysplasia in humans.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

A novel laser-assisted stapedotomy technique for congenital stapes fixation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a novel laser-assisted stapedotomy technique is effective in treating congenital stapes fixation. METHODS: With this surgical method, the suprastructure of the stapes is vaporized continuously from the superior half of the anterior crus to the inferior part of the posterior crus using a potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser. The midmost point of the vaporization is the head of the stapes. This method was used to treat three patients with congenital stapes fixation (total of four ears). RESULTS: The average hearing gain using this method was 32.2 dB, which lasted for at least 1 year. No complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: This novel laser-assisted stapedotomy technique is an excellent method for the treatment of congenital stapes fixation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Age-related histopathologic changes in the human cochlea: a temporal bone study.

OBJECTIVES: Previous reports on aging of human cochlea included subjects with ear diseases or ototoxic drugs. We studied spiral ganglion cells, hair cells, and lateral wall of cochlea from subjects without ear disease or ototoxic drugs. STUDY DESIGN: This study included 39 temporal bones from 24 subjects aged 1 day to 86 years. We assessed standard cytocochleograms, mean loss of fibrocytes in spiral ligament, and areas of stria vascularis. RESULTS: Losses of outer hair cells and fibrocytes were significantly greater in children, adults, and the elderly compared with infants. Spiral ganglion cell loss was significantly greater in adults and elderly compared with infants and children. Areas of stria vascularis of infants were significantly larger than the elderly. CONCLUSIONS: Degenerative changes of outer hair cells occur in children but spiral ganglion cells remain the same until around 20 years. Degeneration of stria vascularis due to aging appears to be slower than spiral ligament. EBM RATING: C.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Long-term results of tonsillectomy as a treatment for IgA nephropathy.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of chronic glomerulonephritis with IgA deposits present mainly in the mesangial areas. We performed a 10-year retrospective case-control study of 71 patients with IgAN to evaluate the long-term effects and prognostic factors associated with tonsillectomy. Forty-one patients (19 males and 22 females) underwent tonsillectomy (Group A) and 30 patients (13 males and 17 females) did not (Group B). These patients were followed for more than 10 years after renal biopsy. The average age at initial renal biopsy was 29.78 years in Group A and 33.0 years in Group B. The average follow-up period was 13 years and 3 months in Group A, and 12 years and 7 months in Group B. Glomerular damage demonstrated on renal biopsy was more extensive in Group A than in Group B. Prognosis after 10 years of follow-up was compared between the two groups. The clinical remission rate was 24.4% in Group A and 13.3% in Group B, the stable renal function rate was 82.9% in Group A and 70.0% in Group B, and the renal survival rate was 95.1% in Group A and 73.3% in Group B. The renal survival rate in Group A was significantly higher than that in Group B (p <0.05). Although evaluation of renal pathology based on renal biopsy was useful in predicting the long-term effects of tonsillectomy in IgAN patients, the results of tonsillar provocation tests were not.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Abnormal direction of internal auditory canal and vestibulocochlear nerve.

Several internal auditory canal (IAC) anomalies have been reported. To our knowledge, only one case with an abnormal direction of the IAC has been reported in an infant with Pierre Robin syndrome. In this paper, we present the first report of two non-syndromic cases with abnormal IAC direction.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the parotid gland.

Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) arising in a major salivary gland is rare. We encountered a case of MFH affecting the parotid gland. The patient was a 54-year-old man diagnosed as having pleomorphic type of MFH after extended total parotidectomy. Examination of the resected specimen revealed the tumor had not been completely removed. Accordingly treatment consisted in the resection of MFH and radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy using carboplatin (CBDCA). This postoperative therapy was effective in controlling the growth of the remaining tumor tissue. As the patient showed no signs of local recurrence and distant metastasis for 5 years, plastic surgery was performed to improve the serious deformation of the face with a free anterolateral thigh flap. Our literature review yielded 17 cases of parotid MFH and the 2-year survival rate was 33%.

Antineoplastic Agents↗

PubMed2003

Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in otitis media with effusion in adults.

Otitis media with effusion (OME) is one of the most common ear diseases. Bacterial endotoxins and several inflammatory cytokines appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of OME in children; however, little is known of the immunological aspects of the onset of OME in adults. We sought to determine the presence of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as well as interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RANTES (regulated upon activation, normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted), and endotoxin in middle ear effusions (MEEs) from adult patients with OME. In addition, the levels of MIF in MEEs from adults and children were compared. MEE was obtained from 95 adults and 11 children. The levels of MIF, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and RANTES were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the concentrations of endotoxin and total protein were determined by the Endospec assay and bicinchoninic acid assay, respectively. MIF was detected in 97.9% of the MEEs from adults, while endotoxin, IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and RANTES were detected in 96.8, 12.6, 5.3, and 43.9%, respectively. In addition, the level of MIF was significantly higher than those of endotoxin, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha. A positive correlation between the levels of MIF and endotoxin was observed. MIF and endotoxin were detected in 81.8 and 72.7%, respectively, of the MEEs from the children. The level of MIF was significantly higher in the children, and conversely that of endotoxin was significantly higher in the adults. These results suggest that the interaction between MIF and endotoxin may promote fluid collection in the middle ear, particularly in adults.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of gentamicin on sensorineural elements of the cochlea in human temporal bones.

PURPOSE: Gentamicin is commonly prescribed for treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. It has, however, been known to have vestibulotoxic and ototoxic effects in humans. Previous studies were confounded by the use of other types of ototoxic drugs, higher than therapeutic doses, and prolonged time periods between gentamicin administration and death. The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of parenteral gentamicin administration on the sensorineural elements of the cochlea in which the previously described factors did not exist. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Temporal bone specimens were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 16 "normal" temporal bones with no history or histopathologic findings of otologic disease or ototoxic drug administration, and group 2 included 17 temporal bones that received gentamicin treatment within 6 months before death. Temporal bones were excluded from group 2 if patients had histopathologic findings or history of otologic disease and/or other ototoxic drugs. All temporal bones were examined under light microscopy. RESULTS: The percentages of intact outer hair cells in the basal turn was significantly greater in group 1 compared with group 2. There was no significant difference in hair cell number between the groups in the other turns. There was no significant difference in the number of spiral ganglion cells between groups in any turn. CONCLUSION: Although gentamicin is primarily considered to be vestibulotoxic, this study showed that gentamicin can damage sensorineural elements of the cochlea, even in younger patients. During the administration of this drug, hearing of the patient should be carefully monitored.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tympanic membrane changes in central tympanic membrane perforations.

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the histopathological changes in central tympanic membrane perforations caused by chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine temporal bones from 25 patients (13 male patients and 12 female patients) with central tympanic membrane perforations-18 chronic otitis media with perforation and 11 chronic otitis media with perforation caused by ventilation tubes-and 30 aged-matched normal temporal bones were included in this study. A scale was used to evaluate the extension of the migration of stratified squamous epithelium in the inner surface of the tympanic membrane. The thickness of tympanic membranes was measured halfway between the annular ligament and the perforation and compared with that of the normal bones. The presence of tympanosclerosis and papillary projections of squamous epithelium was also noted. RESULTS: The extension of the migration of stratified squamous epithelium in the inner surface of the tympanic membrane was observed in 11 of the 29 perforations (38%). The thickness of tympanic membranes was significantly different between the perforation groups and the control group. Of the 29 tympanic membranes, 13 (44%) had tympanosclerosis and 8 (28%) revealed papillary projections of squamous epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that a central tympanic perforation should not merely be considered as a simple defect. Most of the tympanic membranes showed one or more signs of sequelae or persistent abnormalities such as tympanosclerosis, papillary projections, thickening, and ingrowth without significant differences between the 2 central perforation groups.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclooxygenase 2 expression in otitis media with effusion.

OBJECTIVES: To study whether cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) plays a role in the development of otitis media with effusion (OME). STUDY DESIGN/METHODS: An experimental model of endotoxin-induced OME was used in healthy BALB/c mice. Solutions of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin were injected into the middle ears of the mice, and COX-2 expression in the middle ears was studied using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization (ISH). RESULTS: Analysis by RT-PCR showed that COX-2 expression in the middle ear increased in a dose-dependent fashion after injection of endotoxin. ISH demonstrated that COX-2 had distinct expression patterns in the epithelium of middle ears with endotoxin-induced OME. COX-2 expression, however, was not detected in normal middle ears. CONCLUSIONS: COX-2 expression may be one factor contributing to the development of OME.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in paranasal sinus mucocele.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the immunologic aspects and the pathogenesis of the paranasal sinus mucocele. METHODS: The fluids of paranasal sinus mucoceles were obtained from 12 subjects. The concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), interleukin 1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the levels of endotoxin were detected with kinetic Turbidimetric Assay. RESULTS: MIF and endotoxin were detected in the fluid of all samples, whereas interleukin-1beta and RANTES were detected in 1 and 3 subjects out of 12 samples. Tumor necrosis factor alpha was not detected in any of the samples. A significant positive correlation between the levels of MIF and the period with symptoms such as pain, swelling of face, and visual disturbance was observed. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that MIF and endotoxin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of paranasal sinus mucocele. MIF may be an important factor causing the development and exacerbation of the disease.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Signals through CD40 play a critical role in the pathophysiology of Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen--induced allergic rhinitis in mice.

BACKGROUND: Interaction between CD40 and CD40L is thought to regulate immune responses in several allergic diseases. However, little is known about its in vivo role in the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis. We sought to determine whether the lack of signals through CD40 affects the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis using a murine model. METHODS: Wild type (WT) and CD40-deficient BALB/c (CD40-/-) mice were sensitized intranasally to Schistosoma mansoni egg antigen (SEA). After repeated sensitization, histamine responsiveness, serum antibody titer including immunoglobulin E (IgE), nasal eosinophilia, and cytokine production by nasal mononuclear cells were determined in each group. RESULTS: Intranasal sensitization with SEA in WT mice elicited a strong Th2 response including SEA-specific IgE production, nasal eosinophilia, and interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-5 production by nasal mononuclear cells after antigen challenge. Production of SEA-specific IgE and IgG1 was abolished in SEA-sensitized CD40-/- mice. These mice showed impaired nasal eosinophilia and displayed markedly reduced histamine-induced nasal hyperresponsiveness as compared with WT mice. Furthermore, reduced production of IL-4 and IL-5 by nasal mononuclear cells was seen in CD40-/- mice. CONCLUSION: These results show that signals through CD40 play a critical role in not only IgE production but also pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis such as nasal hyperresponsiveness and nasal eosinophilia.

Animals↗