Persistence of triamcinolone acetonide following macular hole surgery.
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Aged↗
Biomedical subjects
Shoichi Sawaguchi
Publications and source records attributed to Shoichi Sawaguchi.
Myocilin gene expression in the trabecular meshwork of rats in a steroid-induced ocular hypertension model.
PURPOSE: To investigate the expression pattern of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork of normal and dexamethasone-induced ocular hypertensive rat eyes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An ocular hypertension model was generated by application of topical dexamethasone to rat eyes 4 times daily for 1, 2, and 4 weeks. Age-matched untreated eyes served as controls. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored by electronic Tono-pen under anesthesia. The protein and mRNA levels of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork and endothelial lining of Schlemm's canal were investigated by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, respectively. For semiquantitative evaluation, areas with positive staining were analyzed by a computer-assisted image-processing system with NIH software. RESULTS: The IOP in rat eyes was elevated after 2 weeks of topical dexamethasone treatment. Despite the IOP elevation, the protein and mRNA levels of myocilin in the trabecular meshwork and around Schlemm's canal in the steroid-treated eyes were not different from those of controls. CONCLUSION: No discernible changes in myocilin expression in the chamber angle indicate that myocilin may not be directly linked to ocular hypertension, at least not in rat eyes after relatively short-term steroid application.
Animals↗
Uveal effusion in primary angle-closure glaucoma.
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of uveal effusion in acute and chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) or primary angle closure (PAC) and to compare it with the prevalence in eyes with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred one eyes of 351 consecutive patients with PAC and 156 eyes of 116 randomly selected primary OAG or ocular hypertension patients. The PAC group included 40 eyes of 35 patients with acute PACG and 30 unaffected fellow eyes, 39 eyes and 35 fellow eyes with a history of acute PACG, and 357 eyes with chronic PAC. METHODS: Ultrasound biomicroscopic examination was performed to diagnose uveal effusion and to measure anterior chamber depth (ACD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of uveal effusion and ACD. RESULTS: Uveal effusion was demonstrated in 23 eyes (58%) with acute PACG and 7 fellow eys (23%) (chi2 = 8.17, P = 0.0043). Among eyes with chronic PAC, uveal effusion was present in 69 [corrected](14%[corrected]), a higher prevalence than was found in open-angle patients (2 eyes [1.3%]) (chi2 = 19.3, P<0.001). In the chronic PAC group, the ACD of phakic eyes with uveal effusion (1.92+/-0.42 mm) was significantly shallower than that of phakic eyes without effusion (2.06+/-0.32 mm) (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: Uveal effusion diagnosed by ultrasound biomicroscopy is a special feature in PAC, and is prevalent in acute PACG. Uveal effusion in phakic eyes with PAC is associated with shallowing of ACD.
Acute Disease↗
Comparison of latanoprost monotherapy and combined therapy of 0.5% timolol and 1% dorzolamide in chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) in Japanese patients.
To compare the efficacy, adverse effects, and patient compliance of latanoprost monotherapy with unfixed combination therapy with 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide in the treatment of chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma (CACG), 36 Japanese patients with CACG following laser iridotomy (LPI) were treated for 12 weeks with instillation of latanoprost alone or with unfixed combination therapy of 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride. After 12 weeks of treatment, latanoprost reduced intraocular pressure (IOP) from 22.2 +/- 2.0 mmHg to 14.8 +/- 1.9 mmHg (33% reduction); timolol maleate and dorzolamide hydrochloride also reduced IOP from 22.5 +/- 2.2 mmHg to 17.1 +/- 2.7 mmHg (24% reduction). Latanoprost monotherapy significantly lowered IOP compared with unfixed combination therapy of 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide hydrochloride. Furthermore, a systemic adverse effect of bradycardia was not observed in the latanoprost monotherapy group. Concerning compliance, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Thus, latanoprost monotherapy is more effective than unfixed combination therapy with 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% dorzolamide in the treatment of CACG following relief of pupillary block in Japanese patients.
Aged↗
Removal of retinal indocyanine green dye by autologous serum irrigation in macular hole surgery.
PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of autologous serum irrigation for removal of retinal indocyanine green (ICG) dye used to visualize the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in macular hole surgery. METHODS: Eighteen consecutive eyes of 16 patients with macular holes underwent vitrectomy and ILM peeling using ICG solution. Nine of 18 eyes underwent intravitreal autologous serum irrigation before completion of the surgery to remove residual ICG dye in the retina. The main outcome measures were postoperative visual acuity, macular hole status, retinal pigment epithelial changes, and time course of ICG dye fading from the retina with or without intravitreal autologous serum irrigation. RESULTS: No significant difference was noted in the improvement of visual acuity between the two groups. An abnormal pigment epithelial change was seen in one eye without serum application. ICG dye disappeared from the retina within an average of 6.1 months after surgery without serum and 2.4 months after surgery with serum (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Autologous serum irrigated in the vitreous cavity just before completion of macular hole surgery can help remove ICG dye used in surgery. The application was simple and safe and significantly shortened the period of residual retinal ICG staining.
Adult↗
Assessment of chamber angle pigmentation during longterm latanoprost treatment for open-angle glaucoma.
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine whether the longterm use of latanoprost is associated with an increase in trabecular pigmentation, especially in subjects in whom iris pigmentation has increased. METHODS: We enrolled 50 subjects for whom treatment was to start for ocular hypertension, primary open-angle glaucoma or normal tension glaucoma. All subjects received latanoprost 0.005% daily. Trabecular pigmentation was documented using gonioscopic photography of the inferior quadrant at baseline, every 3 months for the first year and every 6 months for the second and third years. Three glaucoma specialists evaluated the series of gonioscopic photographs for each eye of each subject in a masked fashion. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was also recorded at each visit. RESULTS: A total of 41 subjects (79 eyes) completed 3 years of follow-up, and none showed any increase in the grade of trabecular pigmentation, including 10 subjects (20 eyes) in whom the iridial pigment increased. CONCLUSION: Although latanoprost increased iridial pigmentation in some subjects, we found no evidence of an increase in trabecular pigmentation over the 3 years of follow-up.
Antihypertensive Agents↗
[Ciliochoroidal effusion after remission of lens-induced glaucoma detected by ultrasound biomicroscopy].
PURPOSE: To report the results of ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM) cases of ciliochoroidal effusion after a lens-induced glaucoma attack. CASES: Case 1 was an 83-year-old female. She had shallow anterior chamber with expanded cataract with exfoliation in her right eye. Intraocular pressure(IOP) of the right eye was 64 mmHg. On the next day, IOP was reduced to 16 mmHg by conservative therapy. UBM showed circumference ciliochoroidal effusion in the right eye. On the 5th day, IOP increased to 38 mmHg. UBM was repeated and showed the disappearance of ciliochoroidal effusion. On the 9th day, phacoemulsification was done to treat the lens induced glaucoma attack. Two weeks after operation, IOP of the right eye was 6 mmHg and UBM showed ciliochoroidal effusion. Case 2 was an 85-year-old female. She had been diagnosed by an ophthalmologist as having an attack of lens-induced glaucoma in her left eye. IOP was 46 mmHg. When she was referred to us, IOP was decreased to 24 mmHg and ciliochoroidal effusion was observed in her left eye by UBM. CONCLUSION: We report two cases of ciliochoroidal effusion associated with lens-induced glaucoma attack. UBM is useful to observe changes in the ciliary body after lens-induced glaucoma attack.
Aged↗
[New informations on medical treatment for normal-tension glaucoma].
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Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Prevalence of ciliochoroidal effusion after prophylactic laser iridotomy.
PURPOSE: To study the prevalence of ciliochoroidal effusion (CE) after prophylactic laser iridotomy (LI). METHODS: An ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) examination was performed before, 2, and 24 hours after LI to investigate the changes in supraciliary-choroidal space after LI in circumference of 38 eyes in 23 chronic primary angle-closure patients. Subjects were divided randomly into two groups based on LI settings: 21 eyes by argon laser (Ar-LI group) and argon combined with yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser in 17 eyes (Ar-YAG-LI group). Ciliochoroidal effusion was observed predominantly in the inferior sector (12 of 12 eyes, 100%) and rare in nasal part of the eyes (4 of 12 eyes, 33%). Ciliochoroidal effusion appeared more often in the Ar-LI group (10 eyes, 52%) than in the Ar-YAG-LI group (2 eyes, 12%). All CE disappeared 7 days after by UBM observation. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical CE observed by UBM frequently occurs after LI.
Body Fluids↗
Ocular findings of Beals syndrome.
BACKGROUND: In this report of two Okinawan patients with Beals syndrome and accompanying ocular complications, the symptoms of Beals syndrome and Marfan syndrome are compared. The etiology of these two syndromes is considered in relation to fibrillin. CASES: Case 1 was a 5-year-old boy who showed blue sclera and bilateral enlargement of optic disc cupping. Case 2 was a 24-year-old man who had partial coloboma of the lens, mild cataract, and bilateral glaucomatous disc cupping. OBSERVATIONS: Beals syndrome was diagnosed in these two patients based on the initial examination. In further investigations, while the patients were being observed without treatment, the intra ocular pressure of both patients remained within normal range. Funduscopy showed that the cup-to-disc ratio was 0.8 bilaterally in both patients. Case 1 was followed up for 6 years with no changes. Ultrasound biomicroscopy examination in case 2 revealed hypoplasia of the ciliary body, leading to a diagnosis of glaucoma. This patient remains under observation. CONCLUSIONS: Two cases of Beals syndrome with ocular complications including glaucomatous optic disc cupping are reported. Ophthalmic examinations are recommended to identify the ocular complications of Beals syndrome. Further studies are needed to elucidate the relation between fibrillin abnormality and ocular complications in Beals syndrome.
Adult↗
Ciliochoroidal effusion induced by topical latanoprost in a patient with sturge-weber syndrome.
BACKGROUND: To report drug-induced ciliochoroidal effusion in a patient with Sturge-Weber syndrome. CASE: A 17-year-old man presented with unilateral glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. OBSERVATIONS: His corrected visual acuity was RE 20/20 and LE 40/60. Intraocular pressure readings by Goldmann applanation tonometry were RE 32 mm Hg and LE 12 mm Hg. Fundus examination showed marked glaucomatous disc cupping in his right eye and normal finding in his left. The patient had a port-wine stain on his right upper eyelid ipsilateral to the glaucomatous eye. Antiglaucomatous medications were begun, including topical latanoprost, with a diagnosis of juvenile onset glaucoma associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a 360 degrees circumference ciliochoroidal effusion. Forty days after starting medication, latanoprost treatment was discontinued. Ten days later, ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a total disappearance of the ciliochoroidal effusion. CONCLUSION: Interaction of the enhanced uveoscleral outflow with latanoprost in conjunction with elevated episcleral venous pressure may have caused the congestion of the aqueous humor in the supraciliary-choroidal space, resulting in the ciliochoroidal effusion.
Administration, Topical↗
Observation of human corneal and scleral collagen fibrils by atomic force microscopy.
PURPOSE: We attempted to analyze the three-dimensional ultrastructure of human corneal and scleral collagen fibrils with an atomic force microscope (AFM). METHODS: A normal eye removed from a 66-year-old male patient during therapy was used in this study. Suspended corneal and scleral collagen fibrils were individually attached to glass slides by centrifugation. These collagen fibrils were air-dried and observed with a noncontact-mode AFM in air. RESULTS: AFM imaging provided information on the surface topography of both corneal and scleral collagen fibrils. The corneal collagen fibrils had a height of 11.9 +/- 1.0 nm (mean +/- SD) and scleral fibrils a height of 82.5 +/- 35.6 nm. A periodic banding pattern of grooves and ridges was clearly found on both types of fibrils; the D-periodicity and the groove depth were 65.7 +/- 0.8 nm and 1.46 +/- 0.50 nm in the corneal fibrils, and 67.3 +/- 1.1 nm and 6.16 +/- 1.23 nm in the scleral fibrils. CONCLUSIONS: Surface topographic images of human corneal and scleral collagen fibrils were clearly obtained with the AFM. This technique provides quantitative information on the surface morphology of the collagen fibrils at high resolution.
Aged↗
Immunolocalization of heat shock proteins in the retina of normal monkey eyes and monkey eyes with laser-induced glaucoma.
PURPOSE: To examine the expression and localization of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the retinas of normal and experimentally induced primate glaucoma eyes. These proteins are known to be produced in response to a variety of stresses. METHODS: Experimental glaucoma was induced in the right eyes of three adult monkeys by repeated applications of argon laser to the chamber angle. Immunostaining with a panel of antibodies against HSP 90, 70, 60, 47, and 27 was performed on retinal sections prepared from the normal and glaucomatous monkey eyes. RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for HSP 90, 60, and 27 was greatly enhanced in the retinas of glaucomatous eyes. Prominent reactivity was observed in the inner retinal layers, especially in the ganglion cell and nerve fiber layers. The staining intensity for HSP 70 was also moderately increased, while immunoreactivity against HSP 47 remained almost unchanged in glaucomatous retinas. Immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein was increased and the immunolabeling pattern appeared to be identical with that of HSP 90 in glaucoma retinas. CONCLUSIONS: The level of HSP 90, 70, 60, and 27 in primate retinas was increased in experimentally induced ocular hypertension. The differences in expression pattern suggest that each HSP may have its unique role in responding to damage or injury related to intraocular pressure elevation.
Animals↗
Persistence of retinal indocyanine green dye following vitreous surgery.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the duration of postoperative persistence of indocyanine green (ICG) dye used during vitreous surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-three patients (34 eyes) underwent macular surgery with removal of the internal limiting membrane (ILM) or epiretinal membrane using ICG dye to stain the membrane for better visualization. Infrared fundus photographs were taken postoperatively until infrared fluorescence had completely disappeared. The time for residual ICG dye to fade from the retina was studied for eyes with full-thickness macular hole, epiretinal membrane, and macular edema for comparison. served at sites where macular hole was present, sites of normal ILM that had not been removed, and the optic disc. ICG dye faded at an average of 7.3 months for patients with macular hole and 3.4 months for patients with other macular diseases (P< .01). CONCLUSIONS: ICG dye used during macular surgery can persist in the macular region for up to 7 months following surgery, and seems to remain for a longer period of time in cases with macular hole than in cases with other diseases. Caution is required regarding light exposure by postoperative fundus examinations, daylight, and other natural light.
Adult↗