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Biomedical subjects

Shoji Kudo

Publications and source records attributed to Shoji Kudo.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

[A case of polymyositis with concomitant diffuse alveolar damage following interstitial pneumonia].

A 68-year-old woman had been given a diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia (NSIP pattern) and followed up at our hospital for 3 years. She was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea, lower limb edema and myalgia. On admission, serum CPK and CRP levels were elevated and an electromyogram suggested inflammatory myopathy. We diagnosed polymyositis (PM) with progressive interstitial pneumonia (IP). Although methylprednisolone pulse therapy and immunosuppressive agents were administered, pulmonary lesions became aggravated. The patient died due to respiratory failure as a result of the progress of IP. The autopsy lung revealed diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) at the both acute and fibrotic phases, suggesting that DAD could coincide with PM. We report here a rare case of polymyositis with diffuse alveolar damage (DAD).

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of volcanic sulfur dioxide on reconstruction workers and residents returning to Miyake Island].

Four and half years have passed since Mt. Oyama in Miyake Island erupted. Ambient sulfur dioxide (SO2) is still above the environmental air standard in parts of the island, even though emission of the volcanic gas has diminished. Reconstruction of life-support infrastructure in the island and safety measures started in July 2002, and a short-term trial stay project for former residents was completed in April 2003 for the total rehabilitation of the island. We conducted health examinations, and questionnaires on clinical symptoms among the reconstruction workers in January 2003, as well as questionnaires on respiratory symptoms among former residents who joined the trial stay, in late fall of 2003. The peak expiratory flow rate and symptoms of the workers and the symptoms of the short-term residents were not correlated to SO2 concentrations. In addition, we investigated the medical histories of outpatients at Miyake-mura National Insurance Center Clinic. We could not recognize any cases directly connected with higher ambient SO2 concentration in the area of the island, but there was a male worker, in his thirties, who suffered an initial attack of bronchial asthma, which required intensive care and treatment. As a general rule, all the workers and the residents are asked to wear gas masks for SO2 when its concentration is above 2.0 ppm and to stay in the house with desulfuration facilities as a precautionary measure at night. The residents are now well informed about the risks of volcanic gas and preventive measures for adverse health effects. We could not evaluate correlations between SO2 exposure indices and health effects sufficiently due to the limitation of the field study, but this study presents useful pieces of information as a risk communication for reconstruction workers and former inhabitants to the island.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis by diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis in diagnosis of ocular sarcoidosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were 105 ocular sarcoidosis suspects and 37 patients with other uveitis. We diagnosed ocular sarcoidosis suspects using the diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis proposed by the Japanese Committee for Diffuse Lung Diseases. The criteria included histological and clinical diagnosis, and the clinical diagnosis required 5 systemic tests: 1) tuberculin skin test, 2) serum gamma-globulin(gamma-gl), 3) serum angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE), 4) serum lysozyme, and 5) 67Ga scintigraphy. Three positive findings including either 1) or 3) fulfilled the clinical diagnosis. RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were histologically and/or clinically diagnosed, and 43 patients remained undiagnosed. The histological and clinical diagnosis did not produce the same diagnostic yields. The sensitivity of ACE and gamma-gl was low. The percentage of patients showing increased lymphocytosis and/or CD 4/8 in bronchoalveolar lavage was similarly high in the diagnosed and undiagnosed, suggesting the presence of definitive ocular sarcoidosis in the undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic criteria for systemic sarcoidosis yielded false negative results in diagnosing ocular sarcoidosis. The selection and combination of systemic tests for clinical diagnosis should be further studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Relationship between sleep disordered breathing and body weight loss in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

We evaluated body weight loss and growth hormone secretion in patients with sleep-disordered breathing associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Of 11 patients hospitalized for pulmonary rehabilitation, five (WL group) had a history of body weight loss within two years before their interviews, while the other 6 patients (NWL group) had no changes in body weight. All patients underwent body index measurements, pulmonary function tests, blood gas analyses, assessments of nutritional status, and full night polysomnography for two consecutive days. Growth hormone levels were measured in the first 3-hour period following falling asleep. There were no significant inter-group differences between the results of pulmonary function tests, blood gas analyses, or nutritional status assessment. The WL group had a significantly higher percentage loss of body weight than the NWL group (mean +/- S.D. 11.5 +/- 4.7% in the WL group versus 2.7 +/- 1.8% in the NWL group, p < 0.01). The WL group had a significantly higher sleep apnea/hypopnea index than the NWL group (42.4 +/- 9.5/hr in the WL group versus 7.8 +/- 2.9/hr in the NWL group, p < 0.01). The WL group showed a higher rate of stage I + II sleep than the NWL group (84.9 +/- 7.0% versus 64.5 +/- 8.7%), with lower rates of slow wave sleep (2.2 +/- 2.1% versus 15.0 +/- 8.7%) and rapid eye movement sleep (12.9 +/- 6.3% versus 20.6 +/- 1.0%). The WL group showed a low level of growth hormone secretion with no peak in the sequential curve, but had a higher level of insulin growth factor-1 than the NWL group (148 +/- 36 ng/ml versus 90 +/- 22 ng/ml, p < 0.01). These results suggest that chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients undergoing weight loss are likely to have an increase of growth hormone secretions in the daytime, possibly induced by underlying psychiatric disorders such as depression. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may lose weight regardless of nutritional status because of a disturbance of growth hormone secretion resulting of sleep-disordered breathing.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Long-term inhalation of diesel exhaust affects cytokine expression in murine lung tissues: comparison between low- and high-dose diesel exhaust exposure.

The authors investigated the effect of diesel exhaust (DE) on cytokine expression in murine lung tissues. BALB/c mice were exposed to DE for 1 month at different dose levels of DE (low dose: diesel exhaust particles [DEP] 100 micro g/m(3); high dose: 3mg/m(3)). After exposure, the authors examined mRNA expression of cytokines (tumor nocrosis factor alpha [TFN-alpha], Interleukin [IL]-1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and interferon gamma [IFN-gamma] and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the lung, and also measured the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-10 protein by alveolar macrophages (AM). The mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-12p40, IFN-gamma) and iNOS, which are important for host defense, were suppressed significantly. However, the IL-10 mRNA level was increased by DE exposure. The IL-4 mRNA level was increased by low-dose DE exposure but suppressed by high-dose DE exposure. TNF-alpha and IL-10 secretion by AM paralleled mRNA expression. Chronic inhalation of DE affects cytokine expression in murine lung. These results suggest that DE alters immunological responses in the lung and may increase susceptibility to pathogens, and that increased IL-4 expression by low-dose DE exposure may induce allergic reaction such as asthma.

Administration, Inhalation↗