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Biomedical subjects

Sonia Anand

Publications and source records attributed to Sonia Anand.

4 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

The relationship between dysglycemia and atherosclerosis in South Asian, Chinese, and European individuals in Canada: a randomly sampled cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Raised glucose levels extending from normal into the diabetic range (dysglycemia) are an emerging risk factor for clinical cardiovascular events. The relationship between dysglycemia and atherosclerosis (AS) in the general population and in different ethnic groups remains controversial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Glucose tolerance, HbA1c, other metabolic risk factors for AS, and carotid mean maximal intimal media thickness were assessed in a random sample of 979 Canadians of South Asian, Chinese, and European descent. RESULTS: The age and sex-adjusted intimal medial thickness increased 0.026 mm for every 0.9% increase in HbA1c in all participants (P < 0.0001) and in those of South Asian (P = 0.018), Chinese (P = 0.002), and European (P < 0.0001) descent. This progressive curvilinear relationship was most apparent at HbA1c levels >5.7%. The HbA1c-AS relationship persisted after adjustment for ethnicity, age, sex, diabetes status, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, insulin secretion, fasting free fatty acids, blood pressure, and/or dyslipidemia (P < 0.004). Both diabetes (P = 0.002) and HbA1c (P < 0.0001) were determinants of the intimal medial thickness when included in separate statistical models. When included together in a single model, HbA1c (P < 0.0001) but not diabetes (P = 0.6) was a significant determinant. CONCLUSIONS: The degree of AS is related to the level of HbA1c irrespective of diabetes status and independent of abdominal obesity and other markers of the metabolic syndrome. This progressive relationship between HbA1c and AS was observed within different ethnic groups.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The global epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Of the 50 million deaths that occur in the world, 40 million occur in developing countries. Already a substantial proportion of these deaths are due to cardiovascular diseases. It is projected that by the year 2025 well over 80-90% of all the cardiovascular diseases in the world will be occurring in low income and middle income countries. This increase in cardiovascular disease is due to a number of causes which include the following: (1) conquest of deaths in childhood and infancy from nutritional deficiencies and infection; (2) urbanization with increasing levels of obesity; (3) increasing longevity of the population so that a higher proportion of individuals reach the age when they are subject to chronic diseases, and (4) increasing use of tobacco worldwide. In most countries in the world other than those in the West, the burden of disease is still due to a combination of infections and nutritional disorders as well as those due to chronic diseases. This double burden of disease poses a challenge that is not only medical and epidemiological, but also social and political. Tackling this projected global epidemic of cardiovascular disease therefore needs policies that combine sound knowledge of prevention, good clinical care, but also deals with the allocation of resources for both individual level and community level preventive strategies. The former involves dealing with high-risk individuals through appropriate medical and therapeutic interventions. The latter involves societal level changes including laws that curb the use of tobacco, and strategies that promote physical activities, and appropriate nutrition.

Arteriosclerosis↗