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Biomedical subjects

Sreevatsa

Publications and source records attributed to Sreevatsa.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Evaluation of multiple regimens in leprosy.

Assessment of bacteraemia has been made at weekly intervals in 36 lepromatous leprosy patients who were put on different antileprosy drug under four regimens, viz., DDS alone, DDS in combination with rifampicin (DDS + RIF), clofazimine (DDS + CLF) and thiacetazone (DDS + TCT). In general, with the continuation of treatment the bacillary load in the blood decreased considerably while bacteriological index (BI) of the skin remained constant during the study. No significant difference was noted in M. leprae clearance from blood between the groups treated with DDS alone and groups treated in combination with CLF and TCT. However, DDS + RIF treatment was most efficient in clearing acid-fast bacilli (AFB) from blood as compared to those noted with other drug regimens.

Clofazimine↗
PubMed1981

Persister M. leprae after introductory rifampicin followed by dapsone therapy.

Lepromatous patients of "Introductory Rifampicin therapy' (Lepr. India, 50: 1978) who received 300 mg Rifampicin daily for 3 months followed by 50-100 mg DDS daily for another 21 months are investigated for persisters in the skin. Mouse foot pad results revealed that at the end of 2 years of treatment viable M. leprae are still persisting in 3 out of 6 patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Intermittent rifampicin therapy in lepromatous leprosy.

A double blind trial involving intermittent administration of Rifampicin in addition to daily DDS has been undertaken in order to evaluate the efficacy as also the potential dangers of such a regimen. Twenty untreated LL cases who were otherwise healthy were included in the study. Ten cases received weekly 900 mg Rifampicin for 6 weeks in addition to 100 mg daily DDS, while the rest were treated likewise but were given similar looking placebo capsules instead of RFP. A nine month follow-up, as also mouse foot pad results indicate that the efficacy of this regimen was found to be better than that with DDS alone and this compares favourably with trials involving 600 mg Rifampician administration daily. No major untoward side effects were encountered in the trial group thought the incidence of ENL was slightly higher in the trial group.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Effect of single dose (1500 mg) rifampicin on infectivity of patients with lepromatous leprosy.

The effect of treatment with a single dose of Rifampicin (1500 mg) has been investigated in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients. A group of 14 cases were administered 1500 mg of Rifampicin in a single dose along with 100 mg Dapsone (DDS) daily. A control group received only 100 mg DDS daily. The patients were followed up for a period of 24 weeks. The clinical, bacteriological and results of mouse foot-pad inoculations do not indicate a significant advantage of the addition of a single dose of Rifampicin to the conventional therapy with DDA.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Persistence and distribution of Mycobacterium leprae in Aedes aegypti and Culex fatigans experimentally fed on leprosy patients.

Laboratory reared Aedes aegypti and Culex fatigans were experimentally fed on untreated lepromatous leprosy patients and the proboscides, guts and faeces of the mosquitoes were examiend at 12 hour intervals to determine the persistence and distribution of Mycobacterium leprae. In A. aegypti, bacilli persisted in proboscis till 156 hours, in gut 96 hours, and in faeces 72 hours after feeding. In C. fatigans--proboscides 144 hours, gut 96 hours and faeces 72 hours after feeding. In A. aegypti solid bacilli were present in proboscis upto 96 hours; in gut 48 hours and in faeces 42 hours after feeding. Corresponding figures for C. fatigans were: 144 hours for proboscis, 48 hours for gut, solid bacilli being absent in faeces. The results are discussed from the point of view of arthropod transmission.

Aedes↗
PubMed1978

Primary sulphone resistance. A preliminary report.

A case of lepromatous leprosy proven to be a primary sulphone resistant one, has been reported. Bacilli from the case were found to be resistant as checked by their continued growth in the foot pads of mice receiving diet containing 0.001% D.D.S. A study to identify such cases is being systematically persued.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Introductory rifampicin therapy in lepromatous leprosy: a six month follow-up study.

A double-blind comparative trial of 300 mg of Rifampicin given daily as against 50 mg D.D.S. administered likewise for an initial period of 3 months has been undertaken on 24 untreated cases of lepromatous leprosy. All the patients have been followed up for 6 months. The results revealed that patients in the former group became non-infective, as concluded from M.I. and mouse foot-pad results, within 3-4 weeks and their nasal ulcers healed faster. Clinical improvement was slightly better in the former group while no bacteriological differences were noticed in the two groups. E.N.L. was milder and slightly less common in the Rifampicin group.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of bacteraemia in leprosy patients.

Thirty five patients of leprosy have been screened for bacteraemia by haemolysis (HL), leucocyte adherence (LA) and buffy coat (BC) methods and the results have been compared. The HL method has yielded not only higher number of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) but also has detected more frequently AFB in blood of leprosy patients as compared to other methods. Further, it has been established that the skin over the cubital fossa does not play any significant role in contaminating blood samples while sampling blood by venepuncture.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1977

Transfer of leprosy bacilli from patients to mouse footpads by Aedes aegypti.

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes which were first allowed to feed on untreated lepromatous leprosy patients, and then to refeed on mouse footpads were found to transfer Mycobacterium leprae to the footpads as seen by the subsequent multiplication of the bacilli in the footpads. Results presently available are insufficient to come to any conclusion about the actual role of mosquitoes in the transmission of leprosy in the field.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative leprosy vaccine trial in south India.

This report provides results from a controlled, double blind, randomized, prophylactic leprosy vaccine trial conducted in South India. Four vaccines, viz BCG, BCG+ killed M. leprae, M.w and ICRC were studied in this trial in comparison with normal saline placebo. From about 3,00,000 people, 2,16,000 were found eligible for vaccination and among them, 1,71,400 volunteered to participate in the study. Intake for the study was completed in two and a half years from January 1991. There was no instance of serious toxicity or side effects subsequent to vaccination for which premature decoding was required. All the vaccine candidates were safe for human use. Decoding was done after the completion of the second resurvey in December 1998. Results for vaccine efficacy are based on examination of more than 70% of the original "vaccinated" cohort population, in both the first and the second resurveys. It was possible to assess the overall protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines against leprosy as such. Observed incidence rates were not sufficiently high to ascertain the protective efficacy of the candidate vaccines against progressive and serious forms of leprosy. BCG+ killed M. leprae provided 64% protection (CI 50.4-73.9), ICRC provided 65.5% protection (CI 48.0-77.0), M.w gave 25.7% protection (CI 1.9-43.8) and BCG gave 34.1% protection (CI 13.5-49.8). Protection observed with the ICRC vaccine and the combination vaccine (BCG+ killed M. leprae) meets the requirement of public health utility and these vaccines deserve further consideration for their ultimate applicability in leprosy prevention.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality control tests for vaccines in leprosy vaccine trial, Avadi.

All the vaccines supplied for the large scale comparative leprosy vaccine trial of ICRC bacilli, M.w, BCG plus killed M. leprae (candidate vaccines), BCG and normal saline (control arms) at CJIL Field Unit, Chennai were tested for quality control by the suppliers following the procedures laid down in the WHO protocol for killed M. leprae. Quality control for BCG was carried out at BCG vaccine laboratory as per protocol. Toxicity and sterility tests were done on all the vaccine batches/lots received. As part of the quality control, bacterial count, and protein estimation were also done. Studies showed that the bacterial content and protein concentration were comparable with the original preparations. Vaccines were free from micro-organisms, toxic materials and safe for human use. Thus the quality of all vaccine preparations was satisfactory.

BCG Vaccine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Follow up of BL/LL patients on a slightly modified WHO regimen of multidrug therapy.

56 lepromatous leprosy patients with an initial average BI of 4.45 were administered once a month 600 mg of Rifampicin, 100 mg of Clofazimine on alternate days and 100 mg of Dapsone daily. None of these patients became smear negative in 2 years, and the same regimen was continued further. Two patients have become negative in 3 years and treatment has been stopped in them. The study indicates that highly bacilliferous LL/BL patients are likely to need 3 years or more of MDT for achieving bacterial negativity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of drug resistance in Dharmapuri and A. Pallipatti areas of Tamil Nadu.

An evaluation of leprosy control project was undertaken in Dharmapuri and A. Pallipatti areas of Tamil Nadu to study the prevalence rate of drug resistance among the leprosy patients. At the end of 5 years of assessment 266 patients were still found to be bacteriologically positive among whom 25 patients were suspected to be clinically dapsone resistant. By mouse foot pad technique the drug resistant prevalence rate was found to be 1.1 per cent in these two areas.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dapsone resistance in North India.

An attempt has been made to screen the resistant strains of M. leprae in lepromatous patients from the eight northern States of India. By using the mouse foot pad technique it was found that in a total of 69 clinically suspected patients 33 (47.8%) harboured M. leprae with some degree of dapsone resistance. A detailed epidemiological study in these parts of the country may reveal the prevalence rate.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative assessment of viability of M.leprae by mouse foot-pad and fluorescent staining techniques.

Morphological characteristics have been used as a parameter to assess the viability of M.leprae in leprosy patients. However, with the advent of the mouse foot-pad technique, viability of M.leprae is determined by growing the bacilli in the mouse foot-pad. In recent years, a fluorescent staining technique using fluorescent diacetate-ethidium bromide (FDA-EB) has been used to assess the viability of cultivable mycobacteria as well as M.leprae. The purpose of this study was to compare the viability of M.leprae by both mouse foot-pad and fluorescent staining techniques. M.leprae strains from both untreated and treated patients as well as mouse passaged strains of M.leprae were used for the comparison. Percentage of green-stained bacilli in the inoculum was compared with that of multiplication of M.leprae in the mouse foot-pad. It was observed that there was no correlation between the estimates of viable M.leprae by fluorescent staining and by mouse foot-pad inoculation. FDA-EB staining appears to reflect only trends as absence of green staining cells had overall general correlation with loss of infectivity to mouse foot-pad but, the converse was not found to be true.

Animals↗