PubMed Health⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

Srinivas Mutalik

Publications and source records attributed to Srinivas Mutalik.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Glipizide matrix transdermal systems for diabetes mellitus: preparation, in vitro and preclinical studies.

The aim of the present investigation was to prepare glipizide matrix transdermal systems using the combinations of ethyl cellulose/polyvinylpyrrolidone and Eudragit RL-100/Eudragit RS-100. The systems were evaluated for various in vitro (drug content, drug permeation, scanning electron microscopy and drug-polymer interactions) and in vivo (acute and long-term hypoglycemic activity, biochemical and histopathological studies, skin irritation and pharmacokinetic studies in mice) parameters. Drug content of the patches was found to be more than 98%. Variations in drug permeation profiles were observed among various formulations. The scanning electron microscopy of the patches showed the formation of pores on the surface after in vitro permeation studies. The drug-polymer interaction results suggested no interaction between drug and polymers. The in vivo results revealed that the patches successfully prevented the severe hypoglycemia in the initial hours and they were also effective on chronic application. The transdermal route exhibited negligible skin irritation and produced better improvement with all the tested in vivo parameters compared to oral administration.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed2005

Insulin gel as an alternate to parenteral insulin: formulation, preclinical, and clinical studies.

The objective of the present study was to formulate insulin gel for intranasal administration and to evaluate with respect to in vitro release studies and hypoglycemic activity in animal model and healthy human volunteers. The insulin gel was formulated using the combination of carbopol and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose as gelling agent. The in vivo efficacy of insulin gel administered intranasally was assessed by measuring the blood glucose levels and serum insulin levels at specified time intervals in rats and humans. The use of bioadhesive nasal gel containing insulin not only promoted the prolonged contact between the drug and the absorptive sites in the nasal cavity but also facilitated direct absorption of medicament through the nasal mucosa. Absorption of the drug through the nasal mucosa was high in the first 0.5 to 1.5 hours of the study with a sharp decline in blood sugar and rise in insulin values corresponding to that decline in blood sugar. This study further demonstrates that administration of insulin intranasally in gel form is a pleasant and painless alternative to injectable insulin.

Administration, Intranasal↗
PubMed2005

Formulation development, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of membrane controlled transdermal systems of glibenclamide.

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study was to develop the membrane controlled transdermal systems of glibenclamide and to evaluate with respect o various in vitro and in vivo parameters. METHODS: The membrane moderated transdermal systems were prepared using drug containing carbopol gel as reservoir and ethyl cellulose, Eudragit RS-100, Eudragit RL-100 and Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (2%, 9% and 19% vinyl acetate content) rate controlling membranes. The possible interaction between drug and polymer was studied by IR spectroscopy, DSC and HPTLC analysis. The formulations were subjected to various physicochemical studies, in vitro drug release studies and permeation studies through mouse skin. The blood glucose reducing hypoglycemic activity of the systems was studied in both normal and diabetic mice. Various biochemical parameters and histopathological studies were carried out after treating the diabetic mice for 6 weeks. Skin irritation tests, oral glucose tolerance test and pharmacokinetic evaluations were carried out in mice. RESULTS: The results suggested no interaction between drug and polymer. Variations in drug release/permeation profiles among the formulations containing different rate controlling membranes were observed. The scanning electron microscopic studies of EVA membranes demonstrated no changes in the surface morphology after in vitro skin permeation studies. The system with EVA rate controlling membrane (with 19% vinyl acetate) was selected for in vivo experiments. The transdermal system produced better improvement with respect to hypoglycemic activity, glucose tolerance test, all the tested biochemical, histopathological and pharmacokinetic parameters compared to oral administration, and exhibited negligible skin irritation. CONCLUSION: The present study shows that membrane controlled transdermal systems of glibenclamide exhibited better control of hyperglycemia and more effectively reversed the diabetes mellitus complications than oral glibenclamide administration in mice.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

Once-daily sustained-release matrix tablets of nicorandil: formulation and in vitro evaluation.

The objective of the present study was to develop once-daily sustained-release matrix tablets of nicorandil, a novel potassium channel opener used in cardiovascular diseases. The tablets were prepared by the wet granulation method. Ethanolic solutions of ethylcellulose (EC), Eudragit RL-100, Eudragit RS-100, and polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as granulating agents along with hydrophilic matrix materials like hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and sodium alginate. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity, and drug content. The tablets were subjected to thickness, diameter, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro release studies. The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility, and drug content. All the tablet formulations showed acceptable pharmacotechnical properties and complied with in-house specifications for tested parameters. According to the theoretical release profile calculation, a once-daily sustained-release formulation should release 5.92 mg of nicorandil in 1 hour, like conventional tablets, and 3.21 mg per hour up to 24 hours. The results of dissolution studies indicated that formulation F-I (drug-to-HPMC, 1:4; ethanol as granulating agent) could extend the drug release up to 24 hours. In the further formulation development process, F-IX (drug-to-HPMC, 1:4; EC 4% wt/vol as granulating agent), the most successful formulation of the study, exhibited satisfactory drug release in the initial hours, and the total release pattern was very close to the theoretical release profile. All the formulations (except F-IX) exhibited diffusion-dominated drug release. The mechanism of drug release from F-IX was diffusion coupled with erosion.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2002

Biodegradable microspheres of curcumin for treatment of inflammation.

Curcumin, a natural constituent of Curcuma longa (turmeric, CAS 458-37-7) was formulated as prolonged release biodegradable microspheres for treatment of inflammation. Natural biodegradable polymers, namely, bovine serum albumin and chitosan were used to encapsulate curcumin to form a depot forming drug delivery system. Microspheres were prepared by emulsion-solvent evaporation method coupled with chemical cross-linking of the natural polymers. Curcumin could be encapsulated into the biodegradable carriers upto an extent of 79.49 and 39.66% respectively with albumin and chitosan. Different drug:polymer ratios did not affect the mean particle size or particle size distribution significantly. However, the concentration of the crosslinking agent had remarkable influence on the drug release. In-vitro release studies indicated a biphasic drug release pattern, characterized by a typical burst-effect followed by a slow release which continued for several days. Evaluation of antinflammatory activity using Freund's adjuvant induced arthritic model in Wistar rats revealed significant difference between both the formulations, albumin microspheres and chitosan micropheres as well as against control. It was evident from the present study that the curcumin biodegradable microspheres could be successfully employed as prolonged release drug delivery system for better therapeutic management of inflammation as compared to oral or subcutaneous route.

Absorbable Implants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacological evaluation of membrane-moderated transdermal system of glipizide.

1. Membrane-moderated transdermal systems of glipizide were prepared using drug-containing carbopol gel (drug reservoir) and ethyl cellulose, as well as Eudragit RS-100, Eudragit RL-100 (Rohm Pharma, Darmstadt, Germany) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA; 2, 9 and 19% vinyl acetate content) rate-controlling membranes, and were subsequently evaluated in vitro (drug content and drug permeation studies) and in vivo (acute and long-term hypoglycaemic activity, effect on glucose tolerance, biochemical and histopathological studies, skin irritation test and pharmacokinetic studies in mice). 2. The drug content of the systems was found to be more than 99%. Variations in drug permeation patterns were observed among the formulations containing different rate-controlling membranes. 3. The system with the EVA (19% vinyl acetate) rate-controlling membrane was selected for in vivo experiments. This transdermal system produced better improvement with respect to hypoglycaemic activity, glucose tolerance and tested biochemical, histopathological and pharmacokinetic parameters all compared with oral administration and exhibited negligible skin irritation. 4. The transdermal system successfully prevented severe hypoglycaemia in the initial hours and it was also effective for chronic application.

Administration, Cutaneous↗