Biomedical subjects

Stanisław Góźdź

Publications and source records attributed to Stanisław Góźdź.

9 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2005

Cytogenetic damage in lymphocytes of patients undergoing therapy for small cell lung cancer and ovarian carcinoma.

The level of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients undergoing chemotherapy has been analyzed incisively 20 years ago. The results showed that the highest level of cytogenetic damage was observed at the end of therapy. In recent years, the doses of anticancer drugs were intensified thanks to the discovery of colony stimulating factors. Therefore, it was interesting to analyze the kinetics of micronuclei formation in lymphocytes of patients undergoing modern chemotherapy. The frequencies of micronuclei were measured in lymphocytes of 6 patients with small cell lung cancer treated with a combination of cisplatin and etoposide and 7 patients with ovarian carcinoma treated with a combination of taxol and cisplatin. 3 patients with lung cancer received radiotherapy in addition to chemotherapy. Micronuclei were analyzed in lymphocytes collected before the start of therapy and 1 day before each following cycle of chemotherapy. The micronucleus frequencies were compared with the kinetics of leukocyte counts. The micronucleus frequencies showed an interindividual variability. On average, the frequencies of micronuclei increased during the first half of therapy and declined thereafter, reaching, in some patients with ovarian carcinoma, values below the pre-treatment level. Leukocyte counts decreased strongly at the beginning of therapy with an upward trend at the end. We suggest that the decline of micronuclei was due to repopulation of lymphocytes and acquired drug resistance.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

A comet assay study reveals that aluminium induces DNA damage and inhibits the repair of radiation-induced lesions in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Although it is known that many metals induce DNA damage and inhibit DNA repair, information regarding aluminium (Al) is scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of DNA damage in human peripheral blood lymphocytes treated with Al and the impact of Al on the repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. Cells were treated with different doses of aluminium chloride (1, 2, 5, 10 and 25 microg/ml AlCl(3)) for 72 h. The level of DNA damage and of apoptosis was determined by the comet assay. The level of oxidative damage was determined by the application of endonuclease III and formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase. The results on apoptosis were confirmed by flow cytometry. Based on the fluorescence intensity, cells were divided into cohorts of different relative DNA content that corresponds to G(1), S and G(2) phases of the cell cycle. Our results revealed that Al induces DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner, however, at the dose of 25 microg/ml the level of damage declined. This decline was accompanied by a high level of apoptosis indicating selective elimination of damaged cells. Cells pre-treated with Al showed a decreased repair capacity indicating that Al inhibits DNA repair. The possible mechanisms by which Al induces DNA damage and inhibits the repair are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

A high proportion of founder BRCA1 mutations in Polish breast cancer families.

Three mutations in BRCA1 (5382insC, C61G and 4153delA) are common in Poland and account for the majority of mutations identified to date in Polish breast and breast-ovarian cancer families. It is not known, however, to what extent these 3 founder mutations account for all of the BRCA mutations distributed throughout the country. This question has important implications for health policy and the design of epidemiologic studies. To establish the relative contributions of founder and nonfounder BRCA mutations, we established the entire spectrum of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a large set of breast-ovarian cancer families with origins in all regions of Poland. We sequenced the entire coding regions of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in 100 Polish families with 3 or more cases of breast cancer and in 100 families with cases of both breast and ovarian cancer. A mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 was detected in 66% of breast cancer families and in 63% of breast-ovarian cancer families. Of 129 mutations, 122 (94.6%) were in BRCA1 and 7 (5.4%) were in BRCA2. Of the 122 families with BRCA1 mutations, 119 (97.5%) had a recurrent mutation (i.e., one that was seen in at least 2 families). In particular, 111 families (91.0%) carried one of the 3 common founder mutations. The mutation spectrum was not different between families with and without ovarian cancer. These findings suggest that a rapid and inexpensive assay directed at identifying the 3 common founder mutations will have a sensitivity of 86% compared to a much more costly and labor-intensive full-sequence analysis of both genes. This rapid test will facilitate large-scale national epidemiologic and clinical studies of hereditary breast cancer, potentially including studies of chemoprevention.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

DNA damage and repair in human peripheral blood lymphocytes following treatment with microcystin-LR.

The purpose of this study was to find a possible explanation of the inconsistency of data regarding the genotoxicity of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). We compared the results of the comet assay with the results of the analysis of chromosome aberrations and apoptosis. In order to investigate the influence of MC-LR on DNA damage in human lymphocytes, cells were treated with MC-LR at different concentrations (1, 10 and 25 microg/ml) for 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. Analyses of Olive Tail Moment (OTM) as an indicator of DNA damage showed that MC-LR treatment induced DNA damage in a time-dependent manner, reaching its maximum after 18 h. The lowest values of OTM were observed after 24 h. MC-LR had no effect on the frequency of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. Since some data available in the literature indicate that apoptosis may lead to overestimated or false positive results regarding the genotoxicity of mutagens in the comet assay, we measured the frequency of late apoptotic cells by use of the comet assay and the frequency of early apoptotic cells with the TUNEL method. The comet assay results revealed that the highest level of apoptosis was observed after 24 h and the lowest after 18 h. The comparison of the frequency of apoptotic cells determined by the comet assay with DNA damage (OTM) examined by the comet assay revealed a statistically significant, negative correlation. The TUNEL results showed that the frequency of apoptotic cells progressively increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The comparison of the frequency of apoptotic cells determined by TUNEL method with DNA damage (OTM) examined by the comet assay showed a significant positive correlation for lymphocytes treated with MC-LR for 6, 12 and 18 h. Therefore, our findings indicate that microcystin-LR-induced DNA damage observed in the comet assay may be related to the early stages of apoptosis due to cytotoxicity but not genotoxicity. In addition, we examined the DNA repair kinetics in lymphocytes following treatment with microcystin-LR and ionizing radiation. Our results indicate that MC-LR has an inhibiting effect on the repair of radiation-induced damage.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

Simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland with metastases of papillary carcinoma to the cervical lymph nodes and the coinciding small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma of the lymph nodes--a case report.

We report a case of a simultaneous occurrence of medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland with metastases of a papillary carcinoma to the cervical lymph nodes and a concurrent small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma revealed in the lymph nodes examined in a 71-year-old woman. The diagnosis was based on microscopic examination of surgical specimens and supported by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, P53 and RET mutation analysis was performed. In this case, the coincidence of medullary and papillary carcinomas of the thyroid gland may account for a true composite tumor. The coexistence of a small B-cell lymphoma in our patient may be explained by irradiation treatment undergone during the adolescence.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

Hereditary ovarian cancer in Poland.

There is increasing evidence that hereditary factors play a greater role in ovarian cancer than in any of the other common cancers of adulthood. This is attributable, to a large extent, to a high frequency of mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. In Poland, 3 common founder mutations in BRCA1 account for the majority of families with identified BRCA mutations. Our study was conducted in order to estimate the prevalence of any of 3 founder BRCA1 mutations (5382insC, C61G and 4153delA) in 364 unselected women with ovarian cancer, and among 177 women with ovarian cancer and a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. A mutation was identified in 49 out of 364 unselected women with ovarian cancer (13.5%) and in 58 of 177 women with familial ovarian cancer (32.8%). The majority of women with ovarian cancer and a BRCA1 mutation have no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. The high frequency of BRCA1 mutations in Polish women with ovarian cancer supports the recommendation that all Polish women with ovarian cancer should be offered testing for genetic susceptibility, and that counseling services be made available to them and to their relatives. It is important that mutation surveys be conducted in other countries prior to the introduction of national genetic screening programs.

BRCA2 Protein↗

PubMed2003

A cross-platform public domain PC image-analysis program for the comet assay.

The single-cell gel electrophoresis, also known as the comet assay, has gained wide-spread popularity as a simple and reliable method to measure genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of physical and chemical agents as well as kinetics of DNA repair. Cells are generally stained with fluorescent dyes. The analysis of comets--damaged cells which form a typical comet-shaped pattern--is greatly facilitated by the use of a computer image-analysis program. Although several image-analysis programs are available commercially, they are expensive and their source codes are not provided. For Macintosh computers a cost-free public domain macro is available on the Internet. No ready for use, cost-free program exists for the PC platform. We have, therefore, developed such a public domain program under the GNU license for PC computers. The program is called CASP and can be run on a variety of hardware and software platforms. Its practical merit was tested on human lymphocytes exposed to gamma-rays and found to yield reproducible results. The binaries for Windows 95 and Linux, together with the source code can be obtained from: http://www.casp.of.pl.

Algorithms↗

PubMed2003

[Postoperative verification of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade].

UNLABELLED: Colposcopically directed punch biopsy and endocervical curettage is considered to be a "gold standard" in diagnosing premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix. However, in daily routine practice the CIN grade, assessed on the basis of colposcopically directed punch biopsy, sometimes differs from postoperative histopathological evaluation. Such a situation can influence the methods and outcomes of further treatment of women with premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix. OBJECTIVE: The comparison of histopathological diagnoses of punch biopsies to postoperative findings. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The accuracy of punch biopsies findings was evaluated in 104 women treated in the Gynecology Ward of the District Hospital in Kielce in the years 1996-2000. Women with cytological diagnosis of LGSIL and HGSIL were included to the study. Histopathological findings of colposcopically directed punch biopsies and endocervical curettage were compared to definitive diagnoses of postoperative material obtained by conization or hysterectomy. RESULTS: Discrepancies between the diagnosis of CIN grade, evaluated by colposcopically directed punch biopsies, and postoperative findings were detected in 37 cases (35.5%). Lower grade of CIN evaluated in biopsy was found in 23 cases (22.1%). Discrepancies in this group were found most often when colposcopy was unable to examine the entire lesion and positive endocervical specimen was obtained by curettage. In 12 (11.5%) cases when preoperative diagnosis showed CIN an early invasion was detected in postoperative material. CONCLUSIONS: Significant discrepancies were found between pre- and post-operative evaluation of CIN grade. Therefore in each case of LGSIL diagnosed in punch biopsy HGSIL should be ruled out. Expectant management of LGSIL lesions and ablative treatment of CIN should be performed only in centers with highly qualified medical staff experienced in colposcopy and cytology. It seems to be advisable to discriminate a group threatened with fast progression into CIN III or cancer among women with LGSIL (e.g. typing of high risk HPV, aneuploidy).

Biopsy, Needle↗

PubMed2003

[Susceptibility and frequency of selected groups of bacteria isolated in 2001 from patients at the Holy Cross Cancer Center].

The aim of the presented study was the analysis of microbiological data obtained from patients hospitalized in The Holly Cross Cancer Center in Kielce in 2001. The frequency of important nosocomial pathogens in selected specimens and their susceptibility to antibiotics were determined. The strains were identified by using commercial tests (bioMerieux) and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns were performed by disc diffusion technique. The most prevalent bacteria were Gram-negative rods of Enterobacteriaceae family (43%), mainly Escherichia coli. Only 2.7% strains of isolated Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens collected from hospitalized patients were beta-lactamase--positive (ESBL+). The second important group of microorganisms were Staphylococci, followed by Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida spp. About twenty eight percent of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to methicillin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗