Biomedical subjects

Stanislav Laichman

Publications and source records attributed to Stanislav Laichman.

3 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

In reference to phonation larynx fixation: computer graphic record.

The vocal apparatus serves phonation. It represents a biocybernetic self-regulating system, disposing of a feedback network of the central nervous system. The larynx is a self-induced vibrating system. The larynx, functioning as the phonation apparatus of the vocal apparatus, is a source of human voice. In every individual its frequency range corresponds to about eight semitones in speech and about two octaves of the so-called chest register in singing, denoted also as a thoracic or modal voice. This is followed by one more octave of the so-called cranial register or falsetto voice. We were interested in changes of the larynx positions at intonation in the fundamental singing registers, both modal and falsetto, in professional male singers. At our disposal were 11 professional male singers. We investigated changes in the position of the laryngeal structures simultaneously with the aid of an X-ray apparatus, the acoustic and mechanical signals registered by means of the B & K 4369 acceleration recorder. It has been found that at phonation with the modal voice a change in the position of the laryngeal structures takes place in two different ways, whereas the larynx movements at falsetto remain the same. It has been suggested that a complex fixation apparatus participates in the phonation larynx movements. Of the same complex character are also the problems connected with the examination of the entire vocal apparatus. For the purpose of compiling the present pieces of knowledge in the field of human voice studies, we have made the most advantageous use of the presently most complex system Authorware for the production of some interactive multimedial programmes on personal computers.

Computer Graphics↗

PubMed2003

Isolated ruptures of the supraspinatus muscle.

We rarely encounter isolated ruptures of the supraspinatus muscle. At the Clinic of Orthopedics at the Faculty Hospital in Olomouc, we encountered only 21 cases out of 385 arthroscopic operation cases from October 1998 to October 2003. The patients were examined by USG, 5 patients were examined arthrographically and 3 patients underwent MRI examination. Of these 21 patients, only 3 were operated for acute post-injury haemarthrosis of the shoulder joint. During arthroscopic operation, an isolated rupture of the supraspinatus muscle was discovered in all these patients. The remaining 40 patients were only treated at our clinic for problems associated with impingement syndrome after an interval of 3-11 months and were indicated for operational therapy for the rupture of the supraspinatus muscle, verified sonographically and by MRI. Surgically we performed end to end sutures in 12 patients, in 9 cases we performed refixation using 1-2 titanium MITEK anchors. We supplemented the work by a detailed anatomical study of the supraspinatus muscle on 27 cadaverous anatomical preparations. It was noted that the supraspinatus muscle may be divided into three parts, with a superficial and deep layer of muscle fascicles. An aponeurotic insertion tendon runs through the center, to which part of the superficial muscle fascicles are attached. The muscle fascicles, including the central attachment tendon, run across the superior margin of the shoulder joint and by broad tendon are attached to the superior surface of the greater tubercle of the humerus. Together with the long head of the biceps muscle, they act as a significant shoulder stabiliser. The authors believe that due to the course of the muscle fascicles, this muscle acts as a significant shoulder stabiliser and a powerful abductor and elevator in the shoulder joint. The inferior portion of the muscle fascicles acts as an external rotator of the shoulder.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Some peculiarities of the rotator cuff muscles.

The authors studied the origin, course and insertion as well as some peculiarities of RC muscles on 25 cadaverous fixed limbs. They discovered that RC muscles exchange muscle bundles and are secured by synovial sheaths. They described the articular muscles in all of the observed muscles, including the deltoid muscle, which significantly stretch the capsule of the glenohumeral joint. They expressed the opinion that the subscapular bursa enhances motions in the shoulder joint. Due to the possibilities of arthroscopic diagnostic and treatment methods, they are convinced that more attention must directed to this issue from both the morphological and functional perspective.

Aged↗