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Biomedical subjects

Stanley E Althof

Publications and source records attributed to Stanley E Althof.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Through the eyes of women: the partners' perspective on tadalafil.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate patient and female partner responses on the efficacy of, and overall satisfaction with, tadalafil to treat erectile dysfunction using sexual encounter profile (SEP) diaries. METHODS: Data were pooled from four double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week trials that included 746 couples. Patients were randomized to placebo or tadalafil 10 or 20 mg. Efficacy was evaluated by the mean per-patient/per-partner percentage of "yes" responses to patient SEP questions 1, 2, and 5 and partner SEP questions 1 to 3 (erection achievement, penetration, and overall satisfaction with the sexual experience, respectively) for tadalafil versus placebo. For each SEP question, the number of postbaseline intercourse attempts when each couple agreed on the outcome was tabulated and divided by the total number of postbaseline attempts to calculate the mean percentage of agreement by couple. The overall satisfaction with successful postbaseline intercourse attempts was determined. RESULTS: Tadalafil significantly improved the responses for the patient and partner-evaluated SEP questions (P <0.001, both doses versus placebo). Partners tended to report greater overall satisfaction than patients at baseline and postbaseline. The mean percentage of agreement by couple was approximately 98% for erection achievement and penetration and 85% for overall satisfaction. For successful intercourse attempts, patients and partners treated with tadalafil reported more overall satisfaction than those treated with placebo (P <0.05, tadalafil versus placebo comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Partners reported significantly improved overall sexual satisfaction and corroborated the man's report of improved erections and penetration ability with tadalafil 10 mg or 20 mg. Men reported improved erection achievement, penetration, and overall satisfaction with the sexual experience after taking tadalafil.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Efficacy and tolerability of dapoxetine in treatment of premature ejaculation: an integrated analysis of two double-blind, randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: No drugs are approved for treatment of premature ejaculation. Our aim was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of on-demand dapoxetine in patients with severe premature ejaculation. METHODS: We determined the efficacy of dapoxetine in a prospectively predefined integrated analysis of two 12-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trials of identical design done independently, in parallel, at 121 sites in the USA. Men with moderate-to-severe premature ejaculation in stable, heterosexual relationships took placebo (n=870), 30 mg dapoxetine (874), or 60 mg dapoxetine (870) on-demand (as needed, 1-3 h before anticipated sexual activity). The primary endpoint was intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) measured by stopwatch. Safety and tolerability were assessed. All analyses were done on an intention-to-treat basis. The trials are registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, numbers NCT00211107 and NCT00211094. FINDINGS: 672, 676, and 610 patients completed in the placebo, 30 mg dapoxetine, and 60 mg dapoxetine groups, respectively. Dapoxetine significantly prolonged IELT (p<0.0001, all doses vs placebo). Mean IELT at baseline was 0.90 (SD 0.47) minute, 0.92 (0.50) minute, and 0.91 (0.48) minute, and at study endpoint (week 12 or final visit) was 1.75 (2.21) minutes for placebo, 2.78 (3.48) minutes for 30 mg dapoxetine, and 3.32 (3.68) minutes for 60 mg dapoxetine. Both dapoxetine doses were effective on the first dose. Common adverse events (30 mg and 60 mg dapoxetine, respectively) were nausea (8.7%, 20.1%), diarrhoea (3.9%, 6.8%), headache (5.9%, 6.8%), and dizziness (3.0%, 6.2%). INTERPRETATION: On-demand dapoxetine is an effective and generally well tolerated treatment for men with moderate-to-severe premature ejaculation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Self-esteem, confidence, and relationships in men treated with sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction: results of two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Men with erectile dysfunction (ED) often have low self-esteem, confidence, and sexual relationship satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the impact of sildenafil citrate and its generalizability across cultures on self-esteem, confidence, and sexual relationship satisfaction in men with ED using the Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire. DESIGN: Pooled analysis of 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose trials of sildenafil with identical protocols: 1 was conducted in the United States and the other in Mexico, Brazil, Australia, and Japan. PATIENTS: Men > or = 18 years old with ED. MEASUREMENTS: The impact of treatment on psychosocial factors associated with ED was determined by patient responses to the SEAR questionnaire. Erectile function was determined using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and a global efficacy question. Successful sexual intercourse attempts were derived from event logs of sexual activity. Treatment effect sizes were calculated for all study outcomes. RESULTS: Compared with patients who received placebo (n = 274), patients who received sildenafil (n = 279) reported significantly greater improvements (P < .0001) in self-esteem, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction, and in all sexual function domains of the IIEF. Treatment effect sizes were large (range, 0.7 to 1.2) for all SEAR components, and improvement in psychosocial measures showed moderate to high correlations (range, 0.50 to 0.83, P < .0001) with improvement in erectile function, percentage of successful intercourse attempts, and global efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: In men with ED from 5 different nations, sildenafil produced substantial improvements in self-esteem, confidence, and sexual relationship satisfaction. Improvements in these psychosocial factors were observed crossculturally and correlated significantly and tangibly with improvements in erectile function.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Impact of erectile dysfunction on confidence, self-esteem and relationship satisfaction after 9 months of sildenafil citrate treatment.

PURPOSE: The first double-blind, placebo controlled trial in the United States of the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire revealed that treatment with sildenafil citrate improves erectile function and measures of quality of life in men with erectile dysfunction. We investigated long-term improvement, and correlations between improved erectile function and confidence, self-esteem and sexual relationship satisfaction in men with erectile dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a 36-week open label extension of the double-blind, placebo controlled trial. The blind was not broken. Patients were 18 years or older with clinically diagnosed erectile dysfunction. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function. Self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction were assessed using the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire. Correlations were determined using Pearson's product moment coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 204 participants were enrolled in the open label extension, including 108 on placebo and 96 on sildenafil. In men who received placebo in the double-blind, placebo controlled phase mean erectile function scores and self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction scores were increased significantly at week 36 of the open label extension (p < 0.0001). Men who received sildenafil in the double-blind, placebo controlled phase maintained high scores in the open label extension. Correlations between improved erectile function, and self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction were strong and positive (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Open label extension sildenafil after double-blind, placebo controlled placebo significantly improved erectile function, self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction. Following an initial 12 weeks of double-blind, placebo controlled sildenafil therapy for erectile dysfunction improvements were sustained an additional 9 months. Positive correlations between erectile function, and self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction suggest that improved erectile quality can improve long-term psychosocial quality of life.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Research instruments for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction.

As the incidence and prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) increase, healthcare providers will require robust, accurate, and efficient tools for appropriately diagnosing and treating patients with ED. Moreover, clinicians will need effective follow-up tools that assess treatment efficacy and satisfaction, to help patients meet their expectations for successful treatment of ED. We provide a summary of some of the most commonly used instruments for the diagnosis and assessment of ED treatment efficacy that will be referred to in this supplement.

Diagnostic Techniques, Urological↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence, characteristics and implications of premature ejaculation/rapid ejaculation.

PURPOSE: Premature ejaculation/rapid ejaculation is a common but incompletely understood male sexual dysfunction. The purposes of this review are to 1) raise awareness of the prevalence and characteristics of PE/RE, its impact on the male and his partner, and the lack of approved medications indicated for its treatment, 2) encourage dialogue about PE/RE between physicians and patients, and 3) stimulate the development of appropriate new therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A MEDLINE search was performed to retrieve articles relating to PE/RE pathophysiology, etiology, impact, diagnosis and treatment. Sexual medicine journals not indexed in MEDLINE, sexual medicine texts and congress abstracts were also reviewed. RESULTS: No universally accepted definition, licensed treatment, validated screening instrument or diagnostic criteria have been established for PE/RE, and its pathophysiology and etiology are incompletely understood. Additional barriers are the reluctance of patients and physicians to talk about PE/RE and the lack of knowledge regarding available treatments. Current pharmacological treatments include off label uses of antidepressants, topical anesthetics or phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors. All are associated with drawbacks that limit their efficacy. Psychological counseling and behavioral therapy have a valuable role, although resources for this modality are limited. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rates of 20% to 30% and negative effects on the quality of life of men and their partners illustrate the need for improved, standardized methods of PE/RE diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Medications indicated specifically for PE/RE and effective on an as needed basis are required. Behavioral therapies should emphasize pleasure, arousal, control, confidence and satisfaction, and they may have the best success when coupled with pharmacological approaches.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed2006

Self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction of men with erectile dysfunction treated with sildenafil citrate: a multicenter, randomized, parallel group, double-blind, placebo controlled study in the United States.

PURPOSE: We assessed the change in confidence, relationships and self-esteem, and its correlation with erectile function in men with ED treated with sildenafil citrate in the first United States based, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized trial assessed by the validated SEAR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This 12-week flexible dose (25, 50 or 100 mg) trial determined change scores from baseline to end of treatment for the 5 SEAR components (Sexual Relationship domain, Confidence domain, Self-Esteem subscale [prespecified as the primary end point], Overall Relationship subscale and Overall score), and their correlations with the IIEF and event log data, as well as correlations between SEAR components and a general efficacy question at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Compared with the placebo group (125 patients, mean age +/- SD 55 +/- 13 years, mean years ED 3.8 +/- 4.2), the sildenafil group (128 patients, mean age +/- SD 56 +/- 12, mean years ED 4.6 +/- 4.3) had significantly greater improvements in all 5 SEAR components (p < 0.0001) and all sexual function measures. SEAR component scores showed significant correlations with IIEF Erectile Function domain scores (r range 0.34 to 0.69, p < 0.0001), other IIEF domain scores (p < 0.0001), percentage of successful intercourse attempts (p < 0.0001) and frequency of erection that allowed satisfactory intercourse (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this study of men with ED, sildenafil produced substantial improvements in self-esteem, confidence and relationship satisfaction as measured by SEAR scores, which showed moderate to high positive correlations with IIEF scores.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Comparison between sildenafil-treated subjects with erectile dysfunction and control subjects on the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire.

INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) can negatively impact psychosocial measures of a patient's sexual life. AIM: To evaluate self-esteem, confidence, and relationships in men with ED, before and after treatment with sildenafil citrate (Viagra), with reference to controls without ED. METHODS: Sildenafil-naïve patients with ED were enrolled in a 10-week, open-label, flexible-dose (25 mg, 50 mg, or 100 mg) trial of sildenafil. In a separate study, men without ED who did not take sildenafil also completed the Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire. In addition to traditional statistical testing, equivalency testing was applied to compare the ED group, before and after treatment, with the control group and to examine whether the ED group improved to normative ranges on the SEAR questionnaire after treatment (within half a standard deviation of the normative or control group mean). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and end-of-treatment responses on psychosocial aspects of ED were measured with the validated SEAR. RESULTS: Mean SEAR scores between subjects with ED (N = 93, mean age 55.0 years) at baseline and control subjects without ED (N = 94, mean age 52.5 years) were statistically different from zero and not statistically equivalent. Conversely, mean SEAR scores between ED subjects after treatment and control subjects were statistically equivalent and not statistically different from zero. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that sildenafil is associated with normalization of relationships, confidence, and self-esteem in men with ED.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Sildenafil citrate improves self-esteem, confidence, and relationships in men with erectile dysfunction: Results from an international, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Erectile dysfunction (ED) can significantly impact a man's relationships and well-being. AIM: We assessed changes in self-esteem, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction, and overall relationship satisfaction in men with ED using the validated Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire (SEAR). METHODS: This was a 12-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled, flexible-dose (25, 50, 100 mg, as needed) international study of sildenafil in men > or =18 years of age in Mexico, Brazil, Australia, and Japan. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary study outcome was change in self-esteem from baseline to the end of treatment. Secondary study measures were changes in other SEAR components, International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) domains, percentage of intercourse attempts that were successful, and the response to a global efficacy question at the end of treatment. RESULTS: Patients were well balanced for age and duration of ED (placebo = 149 and sildenafil = 151). Compared with placebo, sildenafil significantly improved self-esteem, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction, and overall relationship satisfaction (P < 0.0001). The psychosocial measures of well-being assessed with the SEAR were positively correlated (range 0.60-0.86, P < 0.0001) with erectile function, the frequency of achieving erections that allowed satisfactory sexual intercourse, the percentage of successful sexual intercourse attempts, and global treatment efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Significant improvements in self-esteem, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction, and overall relationship satisfaction after treatment of ED with sildenafil were consistent among countries. These data suggest a substantial cross-cultural improvement in well-being after successful treatment of ED with sildenafil.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Psychological treatment strategies for rapid ejaculation: rationale, practical aspects, and outcome.

The landscape has dramatically changed for patients seeking treatment for rapid ejaculation. Previously, psychotherapy or behavioral treatment was considered to be the treatment of choice for this troubling sexual dysfunction. Since the early 1990s, an efficacious alternative treatment has emerged-the off-label administration of SSRI medications. Currently, several short-acting SSRI compounds are in phase III clinical trials and are likely to receive approval as the first medical treatment for rapid ejaculation. Given the presumed efficacy of these new compounds and the off-label use of the current SSRIs, one might conclude that psychotherapy\behavior therapy for rapid ejaculation is an obsolete and antiquated intervention. On the contrary, psychotherapy is now more relevant than ever. The two aims of this paper are to review psychological/behavioral therapies for rapid ejaculation and to discuss the important role of combined psychological and medical treatment. In the new age of SSRI treatment for rapid ejaculation, some form of psychological/behavioral intervention is essential to help patients/couples make better use of medical therapies, to learn skills to delay ejaculation once off medication, to bolster sexual confidence, and to enhance patient and partner sexual satisfaction.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed2005

Current perspectives on the clinical assessment and diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction and clinical studies of potential therapies: a statement of concern.

INTRODUCTION: The assessment and diagnosis of female sexual dysfunction (FSD) are in a state of transition because of evolving concepts of female sexuality and suggested changes to the FSD diagnostic framework. AIM: To review the problems with current FSD diagnosis. METHODS: Multidisciplinary experts from five countries were assembled to convene a "Postmenopausal FSD Roundtable on specific topics related to FSD." MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Expert opinion was based on a review of evidence-based medical literature, presentation, and internal discussion. RESULTS: Current FSD diagnosis is challenging because of poorly defined distinctions between normal and abnormal, a limited ability to integrate subjective and objective findings and an inability to incorporate contextual factors that play a significant role in sexual behavior. The availability of self-administered questionnaires (SAQs) that assess various domains of female sexual function, as well as those developed specifically for postmenopausal women, suggests that a more structured approach to assessment and diagnosis may be possible. Several SAQs reflecting proposed changes to the FSD diagnostic framework by the American Foundation for Urologic Disease (AFUD), including the Sexual Function Questionnaire (SFQ) and the Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS), have been introduced and recently incorporated into a Structured Diagnostic Method (SDM). Recent regulatory decisions and events affecting the development of FSD interventions have highlighted the lack of consensus with regard to clinically meaningful FSD outcomes, as well as shortcomings in a U.S. Food and Drug Administration draft document that provides the primary guidance for conducting FSD clinical studies in the United States. CONCLUSIONS: Given the high cost and inherent risk of clinical studies, continued development efforts toward FSD therapies are unlikely to proceed in the absence of significant changes in regulatory guidance that reflect the current understanding of FSD and incorporate validated assessment tools.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2005

Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction.

INTRODUCTION: There are limited outcome data on the efficacy of psychological interventions for male and female sexual dysfunction and the role of innovative combined treatment paradigms. AIM: To highlight the salient psychological and interpersonal issues contributing to sexual health and dysfunction; to offer a four-tiered paradigm for understanding the evolution and maintenance of sexual symptoms; and to offer recommendations for clinical management and research. METHODS: An International Consultation assembled over 200 multidisciplinary experts from 60 countries into 17 committees. The recommendations of committee members represent state-of-the-art knowledge and opinions of experts from five continents were developed in a process over a 2-year period. Concerning the Psychological and Interpersonal Committee of Sexual Function and Dysfunction, there were nine experts from five countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Expert opinion was based on grading of evidence-based medical literature, widespread internal committee discussion, public presentation, and debate. RESULTS: Medical and psychological therapies for sexual dysfunctions should address the intricate biopsychosocial influences of the patient, the partner, and the couple. The biopsychosocial model provides a compelling reason for skepticism that any single intervention (i.e., a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, supraphysiological doses of a hormone, processing of childhood victimization, marital therapy, pharmacotherapy of depression, etc.) will be sufficient for most patients or couples experiencing sexual dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: There is need for collaboration between healthcare practitioners from different disciplines in evaluation, treatment, and education issues surrounding sexual dysfunction. In many cases, neither psychotherapy alone nor medical intervention alone is sufficient for the lasting resolution of sexual problems. Assessment of male, female, and couples' sexual dysfunction should ideally include inquiry about: predisposing, precipitating, maintaining, and contextual factors. Treatment of lifelong and/or chronic dysfunction will be different from acquired or recent dysfunction. Research is needed to identify efficacious combined and/or integrated treatments for sexual dysfunction.

Anxiety↗
PubMed2005

Premature ejaculation: an observational study of men and their partners.

INTRODUCTION: Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common male sexual dysfunction affecting men and their partners. Lack of community-based data describing this condition limits understanding of PE and its outcomes. AIM: To characterize PE in a large population of men with and without PE using patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures elicited from men and their partners. METHODS: 4-week, multicenter, observational study of males (> or =18 years) and their female partners in monogamous relationships (> or =6 months). Screening, baseline, and follow-up visits scheduled at 2-week intervals. Clinicians diagnosed PE utilizing DSM-IV-TR criteria. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), measured by a stopwatch held by the partner, was recorded for each sexual intercourse experience. Subject and partner independently assessed PROs: control over ejaculation and satisfaction with sexual intercourse (0 = very poor to 4 = very good), personal distress and interpersonal difficulty (0 = not at all to 4 = extremely), and severity of PE (0 = none to 3 = severe). Results. Of the total study population (N = 1,587), 207 subjects were diagnosed with PE and 1,380 were assigned to the non-PE group. Median IELT (min) was 1.8 (range, 0-41) for PE and 7.3 (range, 0-53) for non-PE subjects (P < 0.0001). More PE vs. non-PE subjects gave ratings of "very poor" or "poor" for control over ejaculation (72% vs. 5%; P < 0.0001) and satisfaction with sexual intercourse (31% vs. 1%; P < 0.0001). More subjects in the PE vs. non-PE group gave ratings of "quite a bit" or "extremely" for personal distress (64% vs. 4%; P < 0.0001) and interpersonal difficulty (31% vs. 1%; P < 0.0001). Subject and partner assessments showed similar patterns and correlated moderately (0.36-0.57). CONCLUSIONS: PE subjects reported significantly shorter IELT. Overlap in IELT distributions was observed between the PE and non-PE groups, indicating the need for additional PRO measures to characterize PE. Shorter IELT was significantly associated with reduced ejaculatory control and sexual satisfaction and increased distress and interpersonal difficulty.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Partner responses to sildenafil citrate (Viagra) treatment of erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in a pooled analysis of multiple studies the perceptions of effectiveness and overall treatment satisfaction in the partners of patients who received sildenafil citrate for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Partner satisfaction with treatment of erectile dysfunction can have a substantial impact on the continuation of therapy. METHODS: Each partner rated the man's erectile function and her own intercourse satisfaction by responding to three appropriately modified questions from the International Index of Erectile Function, assessing frequency of erections, ability to maintain erections, and satisfaction of intercourse in 14 double-blind placebo-controlled trials of sildenafil. Partner satisfaction with sildenafil treatment was evaluated using the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction partner questionnaire in six of these trials. RESULTS: Of 3634 patients enrolled in these 14 trials, the partners of 930 patients agreed to participate. The partners reported that men receiving sildenafil had significantly greater erection frequency and ability to maintain erections than men receiving placebo, irrespective of patient age. Partners of sildenafil-treated men also had more frequent intercourse satisfaction compared with partners of placebo-treated men (P <0.0001). In both treatment groups, the partner and patient responses correlated highly (P <0.0001). The correlation between patient and partner Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction index scores was 0.80 for placebo and 0.86 for sildenafil (P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Partner evaluations corroborated the patient assessments, with both indicating that treatment with sildenafil resulted in statistically significant improvement in erectile function and suggesting that partners were satisfied with sildenafil treatment for erectile dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Erectile dysfunction: etiology, evaluation, and treatment options.

The evaluation and treatment of male sexual dysfunction has evolved into a more extensive evaluation. This new evaluation should now include evaluation of hypogonadism, ejaculatory function, lower urinary tract symptoms, and depression. The evaluation may be readily accomplished with the use of questionnaires. The management of these entities is discussed, including the novel phosphodiesterase-5 for male erectile dysfunction. Inclusion of the partner in the evaluation and management scheme will provide added benefit and may produce a better outcome.

Depression↗
PubMed2003

Treatment responsiveness of the Self-Esteem And Relationship questionnaire in erectile dysfunction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the treatment responsiveness of the disease-specific Self-Esteem And Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire in erectile dysfunction. METHODS: The SEAR questionnaire was administered at baseline and at the end of the study in 93 patients with erectile dysfunction enrolled in a 10-week, open-label, flexible-dose (50-mg sildenafil, adjustable to 25 mg or 100 mg) trial. Changes from the baseline score were analyzed using the paired t test. The correlation between the changes from baseline on the SEAR questionnaire and the Erectile Function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function was examined. RESULTS: Significant and meaningful differences (P = 0.0001) from baseline were observed in the two primary domains (Sexual Relationship and Confidence) and the two Confidence domain subscales (Self-Esteem and Overall Relationship). The magnitude of the change was quite high for most aspects (Sexual Relationship, effect size [ES] = 1.6; Confidence, ES = 1.0; Self-Esteem, ES = 1.1) and moderate for one (Overall Relationship, ES = 0.6). Changes in Erectile Function domain score correlated moderately with changes in the SEAR domain and subscale scores (Sexual Relationship, r = 0.69; Confidence, r = 0.48; Self-Esteem, r = 0.47; and Overall Relationship, r = 0.35; P <or=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The SEAR questionnaire is responsive to effective treatment of erectile dysfunction. These data suggest that the SEAR questionnaire is a valid instrument for detecting psychosocial gains from beneficial intervention.

Adult↗