Biomedical subjects

Stefano Carossa

Publications and source records attributed to Stefano Carossa.

4 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2006

Tooth loss and obstructive sleep apnoea.

BACKGROUND: Complete tooth loss (edentulism) produces anatomical changes that may impair upper airway size and function. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether edentulism favours the occurrence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). METHODS: Polysomnography was performed in 48 edentulous subjects on two consecutive nights, one slept with and the other without dentures. Upper airway size was assessed by cephalometry and by recording forced mid-inspiratory airflow rate (FIF50). Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) and oral NO (oNO), were measured as markers of airway and oropharyngeal inflammation. RESULTS: The apnoea/hypopnoea index (AHI) without dentures was significantly higher than with dentures (17.4 +/- 3.6 versus 11.0 +/- 2.3. p = 0.002), and was inversely related to FIF50 (p = 0.017) and directly related to eNO (p = 0.042). Sleeping with dentures, 23 subjects (48%) had an AHI over 5, consistent with OSA, but sleeping without dentures the number of subjects with abnormal AHI rose to 34 (71%). At cephalometry, removing dentures produced a significant decrease in retropharyngeal space (from 1.522 +/- 0.33 cm to 1.27 +/- 0.42 cm, p = 0.006). Both morning eNO and oNO were higher after the night slept without dentures (eNO 46.1 +/- 8.2 ppb versus 33.7 +/- 6.3 ppb, p = 0.035, oNO 84.6 +/- 13.7 ppb versus 59.2 +/- 17.4 ppb, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that complete tooth loss favours upper airway obstruction during sleep. This untoward effect seems to be due to decrease in retropharyngeal space and is associated with increased oral and exhaled NO concentration.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

Biological factors involved in the osseointegration of oral titanium implants with different surfaces: a pilot study in minipigs.

BACKGROUND: The stability of titanium implants is determined by the rigid load-bearing connections that are formed by the bone, a process that involves a complex network of cells, pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators, and growth factors. The osseointegration processes at the interfaces of machined and porous implants were studied using molecular and histological techniques. METHODS: Two machined and two porous titanium implants were inserted into the tibiae of four minipigs. The animals were sacrificed at 15, 30, 60, and 90 days post-implantation. The levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-4, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha were quantified in the peri-implant osseous samples. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha in the serum were also assessed. RESULTS: Histomorphological analysis showed evidence of bone ossification around the porous implant at 60 days. Surrounding the machined implants, highly sclerotic fibrous pads started the healing response at 90 days, and the levels of TGF-beta1 and BMP-4 began to increase at 60 days, at which time bone ossification around the porous implants was already evident. TNF-alpha was not present in the bone next to the implants. The serum levels of cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-10 were not increased. The serum level of TNF-alpha increased during the healing process. CONCLUSIONS: We observed that the levels of BMP-4 and TGF-beta1, which play essential roles in the osteogenesis process, increased earlier around the porous implants than around the machined implants. Similarly, the ossification process was initiated earlier at the surfaces of the porous implants than at the surfaces of the machined implants.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Obstructive sleep apnea, depression, and oral status in elderly occupants of residential homes.

PURPOSE: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway obstruction. Recently, it has been suggested that edentulism worsens sleep apnea; sleeping without dentures is associated with a significant increase in the apnea-hypopnea index. OSAS is also related to depression. The aim of this study was to assess, in a group of elderly occupants in residential homes in the Turin district of Italy, (1) the prevalence of key symptoms and indicators of OSAS and the prevalence of depressive feelings; (2) how the reduction of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) influenced the onset of OSAS; and (3) whether a relationship between OSAS and depression was present. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample population consisted of 403 people (77% men, 23% women; age range, 65 to 90 years). The subjects underwent the Italian version of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess their mental condition. The remaining collaborating subjects completed 2 questionnaires to assess the risk of OSAS (Berlin Questionnaire) and depressive feelings (Beck Depression Inventory). RESULTS: Of the 403 elderly residents initially evaluated with the MMSE, 97 were excluded from the study, reducing the sample size to 306 subjects (75% women, 25% men; mean age +/- standard deviation, 83.12 +/- 11.10 years). The analysis of these data revealed a statistically significant association between the risk for sleep apnea and the VDO (P < .0001), and between sleep apnea and depressive feelings (P < .05). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that inadequate VDO is closely associated with the risk of OSAS, and that depressive feelings are more present if there is a high risk for OSAS.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Resin-bonded fixed partial dentures: ten-year follow-up.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the survival rate of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures delivered between 1993 and 2003 in the Department of Prosthodontics of the University of Turin and in several private practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis took into consideration the following variables: preparations, metallic alloys, metal preparation and conditioning of the inner surfaces, isolation during cementation, type of cement, kind of prostheses, number of abutments, and number of missing teeth included in the prostheses. RESULTS: The estimated survival probability for the first debonding or failure was 85% after 5 years and 71% after 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: The use of dental dam during cementation reduced the risk of debonding. No differences in survival rate were found for the other parameters.

Cementation↗