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Biomedical subjects

Stella Aguinaga Bialous

Publications and source records attributed to Stella Aguinaga Bialous.

18 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Avoiding "truth": tobacco industry promotion of life skills training.

PURPOSE: To understand why and how two tobacco companies have been promoting the Life Skills Training program (LST), a school-based drug prevention program recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to reduce youth smoking. METHODS: We analyzed internal tobacco industry documents available online as of October 2005. Initial searches were conducted using the keywords "life skills training," "LST," and "positive youth development." RESULTS: Tobacco industry documents reveal that since 1999, Philip Morris (PM) and Brown and Williamson (B&W) have worked to promote LST and to disseminate the LST program into schools across the country. As part of their effort, the companies hired a public relations firm to promote LST and a separate firm to evaluate the program. The evaluation conducted for the two companies did not show that LST was effective at reducing smoking after the first or second year of implementing the program. Even so, the tobacco companies continued to award grants to schools for the program. PM and B&W's role in promoting LST is part of a public relations strategy to shift the "youth smoking paradigm" away from programs that highlight the tobacco industry's behavior and toward programs in which the industry can be a partner. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals and organizations responsible for developing and implementing tobacco control and youth smoking prevention programs should be aware of PM and B&W's role and motivations to encourage the wide-spread adoption of LST in schools.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Courtesy and the challenges of implementing smoke-free policies in Japan.

For decades, the tobacco companies have developed a worldwide campaign to oppose the creation of smoke-free environments. Public health efforts to promote clean indoor air have been uneven throughout the world, and in few places have such efforts faced as many challenges as in Japan. The Japanese market is dominated by Japan Tobacco, which is partly owned by the government, and Philip Morris International is also present in Japan. Japan Tobacco and Philip Morris International have developed campaigns promoting courtesy and tolerance that, until recently, seem to have resonated well with the public. The companies also have supported research promoting ventilation and have funded consultants to act as experts in the area of second-hand smoke exposure. Japan is a critical country to study, partly because of the strength of Japan Tobacco in the country and the growth of Japan Tobacco International in Southeast Asia and the rest of the world, and partly because of Japan's ratification of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. This paper uses tobacco industry documents to provide an overview of the tobacco industry's scientific and political efforts to stifle the development of clean indoor measures in Japan. Learning past industry strategies may assist policymakers and advocates in the development of future public health activities.

Health Plan Implementation↗
PubMed2005

Nurses, smoking, and the workplace.

The purpose of this study was to examine attitudes and experiences of nurses regarding smoking and smoking cessation in the workplace. Eight focus groups were conducted with current or former smokers (n = 60). A questionnaire provided information about smoking history. Content analysis revealed six themes: taking breaks, stress and smoking, social support from colleagues, hiding smoking from patients and their families, impact of workplace smoking restrictions, and challenges to smoking cessation in the workplace. Nurses who smoke were perceived as taking more breaks and spending less time with patients than those who do not smoke. These findings document the impact of smoking among nurses in the workplace. Strategies are needed to support smoking cessation efforts of nurses as an important occupational health issue.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Why tobacco is a women's health issue.

Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable death amongwomen but is under-recognized as a critical women's health issue. This article provides an overview of the current data about womenand tobacco use, tobacco industry tactics that have resulted in theincreased smoking among women, and gender differences inhealth effects of tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke,and in cessation interventions. Resources for clinicians are pro-vided that specifically focus on women and tobacco.

Advertising↗
PubMed2004

Tobacco control policies of oncology nursing organizations.

Nurses, the largest group of health care professionals, and the policies of nursing organizations, have tremendous potential to promote health and tobacco control. Policies addressing tobacco use have been implemented by a variety of national and international nursing organizations. This article reviews existing tobacco control policies in oncology nursing organizations.

Global Health↗
PubMed2003

Tobacco control policies.

OBJECTIVES: To review and summarize tobacco control policies, their impact in curbing the tobacco epidemic, and to describe a role for nursing advocacy. DATA SOURCES: Published articles and research studies. CONCLUSION: Comprehensive tobacco control policy is one of the most effective mechanisms to prevent tobacco-related cancers and other illnesses. The World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and the Master Settlement Agreement in the United States have provided new opportunities for tobacco control. Nursing participation in the policy process can expand and strengthen these policies' activities. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Involvement in tobacco control should be integral to oncology nursing efforts to prevent cancer, promote health, and quality of life.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

International efforts in tobacco control.

OBJECTIVES: To review international nursing involvement in tobacco control and discuss opportunities and challenges to enhance nurses' participation in decreasing tobacco-related morbidity and mortality. DATA SOURCES: Published literature and published and unpublished material developed by nurses in their tobacco control initiatives. CONCLUSION: Worldwide, nurses have been involved in tobacco control. However, many opportunities remain for involvement in the areas of education, research, and practice. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: There are numerous opportunities for nurses throughout the world to enhance their involvement in tobacco control.

Africa↗
PubMed2003

Views of African-American nurses about tobacco cessation and prevention.

African-Americans experience a disproportionate share of tobacco-related diseases and death and have not received equal access to tobacco cessation and prevention services. The purpose of this study was to describe views of African-American nurses about tobacco control. This was a survey of a convenience sample of attendees of the 2002 annual meeting of the National Black Nurses Association. One hundred and sixty three (N=163) nurses participated in the survey. Eighty-one percent (81%) of these nurses reported that they should be involved in tobacco control efforts; 92% indicated nurses should help patients stop smoking; 63% encountered patients who smoked at least every week, but only 11% of these nurses actually provided counseling for smoking cessation. The majority (89%) of these respondents also noted that nurses needed additional training in tobacco control. African-American nurses can address the significant tobacco-induced health disparities experienced by African-Americans by helping to prevent tobacco use and helping patients stop smoking. The findings of this study support the critical need for nursing education in tobacco control.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' perspectives of smoking initiation, addiction, and cessation.

BACKGROUND: It is estimated that 18% of registered nurses smoke. Although nurses can make an important contribution to national cessation efforts, continuing smoking among nurses has been cited as one of the barriers against higher nursing involvement. OBJECTIVES: To develop a national program to assist nurses in smoking cessation through an in-depth understanding of issues related to nurses' attitudes toward smoking and quitting, and to explore nurses' preferences for smoking cessation interventions. METHODS: Eight focus groups were conducted in four states with nurses who were current or former smokers. Content analysis was used to identify major themes. RESULTS: Four themes were identified: initiation of smoking and addiction, myths and misconceptions about quitting, overcoming addictions, and strategies for enhancing successful cessation. Nurses described addiction and cessation efforts similar to those of the general population. However, nurses experienced guilt related to their smoking, and perceived a lack of understanding by nonsmoking colleagues and managers about their need of support for smoking cessation. Nurses who had successfully quit smoking were motivated by health concerns, pregnancy, and their children. Nurses suggested many interventions that would be supportive of their quit attempts, such as worksite services and Internet-based support groups. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses expressed the need for smoking cessation interventions similar to that of the general population, and for additional support that recognizes two concerns: confidentiality about their smoking in terms of the general public, and support along with counseling with regard to their feelings of shame and guilt in relation to their public image as nurses.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Strategic directions for nursing research in tobacco dependence.

Tobacco use continues to be the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, causing approximately 440,000 deaths a year. Even with significant progress in the last decades, there are over 45 million smokers in the United States. Despite the efficacy of nurses in providing tobacco cessation interventions, nursing research in this area has been minimal. The purpose of this presentation is to summarize the recommendations for focusing and fostering nursing research in tobacco cessation from 42 researchers, clinicians, educators, and representatives from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, and from nursing organizations who attended a 1-day invitational conference. This conference evolved from the work of the Tobacco Free Nurses Initiative in promoting the role of nursing in tobacco control and in response to the recognition of potential contributions to the field from nursing research. Sponsored by AHRQ and the NCI, the conference included formal presentations, and small and large group discussions around tobacco cessation research, resulting in consensus statements about a research agenda. Participants recommended strategies for new approaches in nursing research on tobacco dependence and cessation; strategies for seizing opportunities and confronting challenges in building nursing research in the field; and enhancing utilization of research findings into clinical practice. This agenda provides direction for growing nursing research in tobacco cessation, breaking down barriers to research, and supporting efforts for increasing utilization of evidence-based findings in clinical practice.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing research in smoking cessation: a listing of the literature, 1996-2005.

A listing of publications related to nurses and tobacco is posted on the Tobacco Free Nurses Web site (www.tobaccofreenurses.org). For this conference, a chronological listing of the numbers and type of data-based articles that focused on nursing involvement in tobacco cessation published since 1996, the year of the first publication of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Clinical Practice Guideline #18, through 2005 was developed. One hundred and seventy-five data-based papers that met the criteria, that is, the paper focused on smoking cessation and involved nurses, were identified. Most (88%) articles were exclusively focused on cessation. Research designs included experimental (38%), quasi-experimental (24%), descriptive-quantitative (25%), descriptive-qualitative (8%), meta-analyses (2%), and secondary analyses and systematic reviews (each 1%). The number of articles that focused on nursing involvement in tobacco cessation has increased eight fold in the past 10 years, from less than 5 articles published in 1996 to more than 40 published in 2005. The minority (35%) of data-based articles that focused on nurses and tobacco cessation were published in nursing journals.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco use cessation within the context of tobacco control policy: opportunities for nursing research.

In this presentation, a brief review of tobacco control policies that are effective in decreasing tobacco use prevalence and consumption is provided, and the role of policies affecting tobacco cessation is discussed. An overview of existing coverage for cessation under different health insurance policies and a discussion of the implications that these policies have for nursing practice and research are also provided. Then, the need for nurses' knowledge of and involvement in tobacco control policy making is discussed. Finally, questions on how nursing research in the area of cessation policy development and evaluation can improve access to cessation services to a larger number of tobacco users in the population are considered.

Health Policy↗