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Biomedical subjects

Stephan Rössner

Publications and source records attributed to Stephan Rössner.

53 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Microstructure of eating behavior associated with Rorschach characteristics in obesity.

The relationship between the microstructure of eating behavior and personality aspects according to the Rorschach Comprehensive System (Exner, 1991, 1993) was investigated among obese participants (N = 32). Eating behavior was measured using a computerized eating monitor, VIKTOR (Cabmek, Stockholm, Sweden), calculating initial eating rate and the eating curve. A higher initial eating rate reflecting eating drive was associated with Rorschach signs of stress overload according to the D Score and higher affective responsiveness to external stimuli seen in the Affective ratio. The stress overload may prompt eating, and affective responsiveness may be linked to appetite through a higher sensitivity to food stimuli, thus increasing eating drive. An accelerating rate of consumption during the meal was associated with intense emotionality and oral dependency, suggested by Pure C and Food responses.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Natural course of gestational diabetes mellitus: long term follow up of women in the SPAWN study.

OBJECTIVES: Long term follow up women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Academic obesity unit. POPULATION: Women earlier identified as having gestational diabetes mellitus. METHOD: Twenty-eight women diagnosed with GDM in 1984-1985, and a control group (n = 52) who gave birth at the same time performed a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test 15 years later. Basic anthropometry and questions about various aspects of eating and exercise habits were furthermore obtained. RESULTS: Ten women (35%) in the GDM group were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus and none in the control group (P < 0.001). Mean BMI in the diabetic group was 27.4 kg/m2 and in the non-diabetic GDM group 24.6 kg/m2 (P < 0.05). The mean weight gain since the first child was 8A kg in all GDM versus 8.1 kg in controls (ns). The women who developed type 2 diabetes mellitus, however, gained 15.1 kg since the birth of their first child (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Women who are diagnosed with GDM have a considerably higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus later in life. Despite a close medical monitoring during pregnancy, the further follow up within the health care system and information about long term consequences of GDM for later type 2 diabetes mellitus development seems to be generally lacking. More active strategies for future weight control and lifestyle advice after delivery might therefore be indicated for women with GDM.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Vision and eating behavior.

OBJECTIVE: Eating behavior is influenced by internal and external factors. Vision is one part of the complex pattern of factors influencing the amount of food consumed during a meal. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of vision on the microstructure of eating behavior and the subjective motivation to eat. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Nine blind subjects and nine matched seeing control subjects consumed a standardized meal registered by VIKTOR, an eating monitor, measuring the microstructure of the eating behavior. The eating behavior of the control subjects was registered twice, with and without blindfold. RESULTS: The eating behavior of the blind subjects did not differ from that of seeing control subjects. However, the eating behavior of seeing subjects eating with blindfold demonstrated a clear impact of vision on eating behavior. When blindfolded, subjects ate 22% less food (p < 0.05), had shorter meal durations (p < 0.05), and had less decelerated eating curves (p < 0.05). Despite a smaller amount of food consumed when blindfolded, the reported feeling of fullness was identical to that reported after the larger meal consumed without blindfold. DISCUSSION: The importance of vision in regulating our eating behavior is further stressed in this study. Eating with a blindfold decreased the intake of food, without making subjects feel less full. Eating blindfolded, therefore, may force subjects to rely more on internal signals. These results might be used as an aid in the development of new treatment strategies for obese subjects.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pharmacotherapy of obesity.

Whereas several drugs to treat most other chronic conditions have been developed over the last 30 years, progress in pharmacologic therapy for obesity has been slow. The record of drug treatment for obesity partly explains this phenomenon and is of concern. Several compounds have been withdrawn when severe side effects have been discovered. The lack of scientifically developed safe and effective antiobesity drugs has opened the gates for an enormous number of commercial products that make vast sums of money, but have no scientific evidence backing their efficacy. This pattern is seen in both developed and developing countries. summarizes some of the presently accepted, scientifically evaluated antiobesity drugs. At present, orlistat and sibutramine are the only two major drugs used almost worldwide.

Appetite Depressants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of the cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker rimonabant on weight reduction and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight patients: 1-year experience from the RIO-Europe study.

BACKGROUND: In animal models, cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1) blockade produces a lean phenotype, with resistance to diet-induced obesity and associated dyslipidaemia. We assessed the effect of rimonabant, a selective CB1 blocker, on bodyweight and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight or obese patients. METHODS: patients with body-mass index 30 kg/m2 or greater, or body-mass index greater than 27 kg/m2 with treated or untreated dyslipidaemia, hypertension, or both, were randomised to receive double-blind treatment with placebo, 5 mg rimonabant, or 20 mg rimonabant once daily in addition to a mild hypocaloric diet (600 kcal/day deficit). The primary efficacy endpoint was weight change from baseline after 1 year of treatment in the intention-to-treat population. FINDINGS: Weight loss at 1 year was significantly greater in patients treated with rimonabant 5 mg (mean -3.4 kg [SD 5.7]; p=0.002 vs placebo) and 20 mg (-6.6 kg [7.2]; p<0.001 vs placebo) compared with placebo (-1.8 kg [6.4]). Significantly more patients treated with rimonabant 20 mg than placebo achieved weight loss of 5% or greater (p<0.001) and 10% or greater (p<0.001). Rimonabant 20 mg produced significantly greater improvements than placebo in waist circumference, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin resistance, and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. The effects of rimonabant 5 mg were of less clinical significance. Rimonabant was generally well tolerated with mild and transient side effects. INTERPRETATION: CB1 blockade with rimonabant 20 mg, combined with a hypocaloric diet over 1 year, promoted significant decrease of bodyweight and waist circumference, and improvement in cardiovascular risk factors.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Can obesity be an infectious disease?].

Obesity is generally considered as the end result of a long standing positive energy balance. Although no one disputes the laws of thermodynamics, some alternative suggestions for the etiology of obesity have been discussed. The expression "infectobesity" describes the possibility that obesity may be associated with viral infections or a particular behaviour of the intestinal bacterial mass.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Should obesity in the elderly be treated? Sparse scientific evidence to support treatment of overweight in this age group].

Mean body weight increases with age up to about ago 60 and then levels off. Information about the association between body weight and mortality at old age is sparse, since most studies are cross-sectional. Some studies even suggest a protective effect of overweight at old age. Weight loss treatment may be indicated even at old age to relieve mechanical problems, reduce the need for pharmacotherapy and improve self-esteem. As regards treatment, most clinical drug trials actively exclude older people, and hence little is known about the effects in this age group. However, physical activity, even at old age, has documented beneficial effects, in spite of modest effects on weight. Bariatric surgery, although obviously debatable in this age group, has been safely performed. With an increased segment of the population of higher age under way, strategies to manage obesity, also in this age group, need to be developed.

Age Factors↗