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Biomedical subjects

Stephen Haines

Publications and source records attributed to Stephen Haines.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2007

Characterisation of host defence proteins in milk using a proteomic approach.

Besides providing nutrition to the newborn, milk also protects the neonate and the mammary gland against infection. As well as the six major proteins, bovine milk contains minor proteins, not all of which have been characterized. In this study, we have subjected bovine skim milk, whey, and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) fractions to both direct liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) followed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) of individual protein spots to better characterize the repertoire of minor milk proteins, particularly those involved with host defense. Milk from peak lactation as well as during the period of colostrum formation and during mastitis were analyzed to gain a more complete sampling of the milk proteome. In total, 2903 peptides were detected by LC-MS and 2770 protein spots by 2-DE. From these, 95 distinct gene products were identified, comprising 53 identified through direct LC-MS/MS and 57 through 2-DE-MS. The latter were derived from a total of 363 spots analyzed with 181 being successfully identified. At least 15 proteins were identified that are involved in host defense. These results demonstrate that the proteome of milk is more complex than has previously been reported and a significant fraction of minor milk proteins are involved in protection against infection.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

GNOSIS: guidelines for neuro-oncology: standards for investigational studies--reporting of surgically based therapeutic clinical trials.

We present guidelines to standardize the reporting of surgically based neuro-oncology trials. The guidelines are summarized in a checklist format that can be used as a framework from which to construct a surgically based trial. This manuscript follows and is taken in part from GNOSIS: Guidelines for neuro-oncology: Standards for investigational studies-reporting of phase 1 and phase 2 clinical trials [Chang SM, Reynolds SL, Butowski N, Lamborn KR, Buckner JC, Kaplan RS, Bigner DD (2005) Neuro-oncology 7:425-434].

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2003

The effects of deer antler velvet extract or powder supplementation on aerobic power, erythropoiesis, and muscular strength and endurance characteristics.

To determine the effects of deer antler velvet on maximal aerobic performance and the trainability of muscular strength and endurance, 38 active males were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to either deer antler velvet extract (n = 12), powder (n = 13), or placebo groups (n = 13). Subjects were tested prior to beginning supplementation and a 10-week strength program, and immediately post-training. All subjects were measured for circulating levels of testosterone, insulin-like growth factor, erythropoietin, red cell mass, plasma volume, and total blood volume. Additionally, muscular strength, endurance, and VO2max were determined. All groups improved 6 RM strength equivalently (41 +/- 26%, p < .001), but there was a greater increase in isokinetic knee extensor strength (30 +/- 21% vs. 13 +/- 15%, p = .04) and endurance (21 +/- 19% vs. 7 +/- 12%, p = .02) in the powder compared to placebo group. There were no endocrine, red cell mass or VO2max changes in any group. These findings do not support an erythropoetic or aerobic ergogenic effect of deer antler velvet. Further, the inconsistent findings regarding the effects of deer antler velvet powder supplementation on the development of strength suggests that further work is required to test the robustness of the observation that this supplement enhances the strength training response and to ensure this observation is not a type I error.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Increasing organ donation: a successful new concept.

BACKGROUND: Organ donation rates nationally have changed little in the last 15 years, despite a growing waiting list. About 6000 patients die each year for lack of a donated organ. South Carolina's organ procurement organization, LifePoint, recently restructured itself in an effort to increase donation and transplantation rates. The main change was division of the procurement coordinator position into five new positions. A unique innovation was the creation of a bereavement counseling and education service to provide families of potential donors emotional support and education regarding brain death and the value of transplantation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data of the Association of Organ Procurement Organizations and LifePoint's in-house databases, covering the period from 1997 to 2001. RESULTS: From 1997 to 2001, the donation rate within LifePoint's service area increased from 18.2 to 33.6 donors per million of population (83%), and transplantation rate increased from 54.8 to 108.6 transplants per million of population (97%), while the national rates were virtually unchanged (P<0.01 and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Division of procurement function into several separate positions, including family bereavement counseling and education, can substantially increase donation and transplantation rates. If these innovations could be effectively adapted by other organ procurement organizations, the number of patients nationally who die on waiting lists could be substantially reduced.

Counseling↗