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Biomedical subjects

Steven Doherty

Publications and source records attributed to Steven Doherty.

6 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Evidence-based implementation of evidence-based guidelines.

PURPOSE: There is evidence that some strategies for guideline implementation are more successful than others. This paper aims to describe the process of developing an evidence-based guideline implementation strategy for use in rural emergency departments. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Participation in a nationally funded, research fellowship program involved attendance at workshops run by internationally renowned experts in the field of knowledge translation. Attendance at these workshops, associated reading and a literature review allowed those implementation strategies with the most supportive evidence of effectiveness to be determined. FINDINGS: A multi-faceted implementation strategy was developed. This strategy involved the use of an implementation team as well as addressing issues surrounding individual clinicians, the "emergency department team", the physical structure and processes of the ED and the culture of the department as a whole. Reminders, audit and feedback, education, the use of opinion leaders, and evidence-based formatting of guidelines were all integral to the process. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: It is postulated that an evidence-based implementation strategy will lead to greater changes in clinician behaviour than other strategies used in quality improvement projects. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This is an important article as it describes the concept and development of evidence-based interventions, which, if tailored to the individual hospital (as evidence-based medicine is tailored to the individual patient), has the potential to improve compliance with clinical guidelines beyond that achieved with most QI projects.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Effect of an on-site emergency physician in a rural emergency department at night.

INTRODUCTION: The problem of emergency department (ED) overcrowding is an issue of some concern and staffing profile has been identified as a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of having an emergency physician on-site at night in a rural base hospital ED in terms of the ED length of stay, waiting times, admissions, specialist consultations, the use of diagnostic tests, and ED representations within 7 days. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed of the ED database at Tamworth Base Hospital in rural New South Wales, Australia. A comparison was made between 125 patients seen when an emergency physician was in the department (Group A) and 117 patients seen when an emergency physician was not on site (Group B). RESULTS: The mean ED length of stay was 48 min for Group A and 96 min for Group B. There were 15 admissions from Group A and 27 from Group B. There were significantly less pathology tests and consultations for the patients in Group A compared with Group B. There was no significant difference in waiting times or in the re-presentation rate between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an on-site emergency physician resulted in a significantly shorter ED length of stay, lower admission rate, less initial pathology tests, and fewer telephone consultations.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

History of evidence-based medicine. Oranges, chloride of lime and leeches: barriers to teaching old dogs new tricks.

Knowledge translation is the process of taking evidence from research and applying it in clinical practice. In this article I will cite some pivotal moments in the history of medicine to highlight the difficulties and delays associated with getting evidence into practice. These historical examples have much in common with modern medical trials and quality improvement processes. I will also review the reasons why evidence is not used and consider what factors facilitate the uptake of evidence. Understanding these concepts will make it easier for individual clinicians and institutions to change clinical behaviour and provide a starting point for those looking at implementing 'new' practices, new therapies and clinical guidelines. Finally, I will offer a list of criteria that clinicians might choose to consider when deciding on whether or not to adopt a new practice, treatment or concept.

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PubMed2005

Evidence-based medicine: arguments for and against.

In this article I will discuss the various definitions of evidence-based medicine (EBM), and summarize the application, criticisms and limitations of EBM. The spectrum of evidence, from pathophysiological inference to randomized controlled trials, will be presented as a mechanism for filtering bias with more rigorous evidence being required when bias is more likely. Although randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses are at the top of the evidence hierarchy, they are not always necessary, might not be the most appropriate forms of evidence for some clinical questions, and have their own limitation that need to be understood. Best available evidence, applied to individual patients, is the corner stone of EBM. Although there are valid criticisms and limitations of EBM, if these are understood then the practice of EBM can provide guidance to the clinician and enhance patient care.

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