Biomedical subjects

Steven T Hackman

Publications and source records attributed to Steven T Hackman.

2 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2003

Clinical evaluation of a 3% hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening gel.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this randomized double-blind investigation was to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of a commercially available 3% hydrogen peroxide tooth-whitening material (ADS Tooth Whitening Gel, Applied Dental Sciences, Inc., Lee, MA). The material was used over 2 weeks in a dentist-supervised, patient-applied application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The evaluation was carried out in accordance with American Dental Association (ADA) Council on Scientific Affairs Acceptance Program Guidelines for Home-Use Tooth Whitening Products (May 1998). Sixty-five participants were randomized into two groups (active and placebo) for a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. A custom application tray, scalloped without reservoirs, was fabricated for each participant. Tooth shades were documented by matching with the Vita shade guide ordered according to value and assigned a numeric ranking from 1 to 16, darkest to lightest. Participants were supplied with the treatment solutions to use in the application tray. Duration of active treatment was 30 minutes 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Participants were evaluated at baseline, 1 week and 2 weeks treatment, and 12 and 26 weeks post-treatment. The statistical analysis used at each time point to determine the difference between the active and placebo groups based on the change in value was the two-sample t-test. Plaque and soft tissue indices were also recorded. RESULTS: The teeth treated with 3% hydrogen peroxide were significantly lighter at 2, 12, and 26 weeks (p < or = .0140, .0004, and .0001, respectively) compared with the placebo group. The mean shade change was 4.2 Vita shade tabs at 2 weeks. At 26 weeks (6 months), the degree of whitening was 4.1 tabs.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

Sensitivity and tooth whitening agents.

PURPOSE: Three commercially available dentist-prescribed home-applied bleaching systems were evaluated to identify the incidence of sensitivity and to compare the efficacy of whitening the maxillary anterior teeth of 18 patients. METHODS: NiteWhite Excel 2Z (Discus Dental), fx (Challenge Products), and Rembrandt Xtra-Comfort (DenMat Corp.) were randomly assigned to six patients each. The fx product was used as a control since it was not advertised as a zero sensitivity product. The manufacturers' instructions for tray fabrication and use were followed while the patients bleached for 2 weeks. The patients kept a diary and were recalled at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. The shade change and the presence or absence of any sensitivity were evaluated at each recall. RESULTS: NiteWhite Excel 2Z was used for 83 days of treatment with the following percentage of positive sensitivity reported: 0% hot and cold, 2.4% throat sensitivity, 2.4% tongue sensitivity, and 25.3% gingival sensitivity. Rembrandt Xtra-Comfort was used for 84 days with 0% hot and cold, 0% throat, 11.9% tongue, and 27.4% gingival sensitivity reported. The fx product was used for 83 days and resulted in 14.5% hot and cold, 3.6% throat, 1.2% tongue, and 16.9% gingival sensitivity. All products lightened the teeth an average of eight shade tabs on the Vita guide. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups when comparing the presence of sensitivity (chi-squared test, p < .001) but not when comparing the shade tab change. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Of the products tested, all produced similar change in shade tab value, none were sensitivity free, but NiteWhite Excel 2Z and Rembrandt Xtra-Comfort did not produce thermal sensitivity.

Carbamide Peroxide↗