Biomedical subjects

Sun Ho Kim

Publications and source records attributed to Sun Ho Kim.

25 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual causes of tubo-ovarian abscess: CT and MR imaging findings.

Actinomycosis, tuberculosis, and xanthogranulomatous inflammation are rare but specific causes of tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA). TOAs with these causes are frequently misdiagnosed as ovarian malignancies due to their unusual appearances at computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis frequently has a predominantly solid appearance. A linear, solid, well-enhancing lesion extending directly from the mass is a characteristic CT and MR imaging finding. Small rim-enhancing lesions in the solid part of the mass are also suggestive of actinomycosis. Tuberculous TOAs usually mimic peritoneal carcinomatosis from ovarian cancers. The granulomatous and fibrotic nature of this infection may be reflected in the CT and MR imaging appearances, which can help in differentiation. TOAs from xanthogranulomatous inflammation demonstrate more nonspecific imaging findings than actinomycotic or tuberculous TOAs, although multiple xanthogranulomas in the mass may be seen on MR images. Knowledge of these characteristics can help one make the correct diagnosis and treat the patients appropriately.

Abscess↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Renal papillary necrosis: review and comparison of findings at multi-detector row CT and intravenous urography.

Renal papillary necrosis is not a pathologic entity but rather a descriptive term for a condition--necrosis of the renal papillae--that has various possible causes. The renal medulla and papillae are vulnerable to ischemic necrosis because of the peculiar arrangement of their blood supply and the hypertonic environment. The etiology of renal papillary necrosis includes diabetes, analgesic abuse or overuse, sickle cell disease, pyelonephritis, renal vein thrombosis, tuberculosis, and obstructive uropathy. Renal papillary necrosis has been diagnosed with the use of intravenous urography and ultrasonography, but contrast material-enhanced computed tomography (CT) may better depict a full range of typical features, including contrast material-filled clefts in the renal medulla, nonenhanced lesions surrounded by rings of excreted contrast material, and hyperattenuated medullary calcifications. In the presence of papillary sloughing, CT may depict hydronephrosis and filling defects in the renal pelvis or ureter, which also may contain calcifications. During healing, the epithelialized papillary tip appears blunted. Shrinkage of the kidney, a common sequela, also may be detected at CT. Multi-detector row CT depicts these and other features more clearly and directly than single-detector row CT, given the advantages of thinner sections and multiplanar reformation, and it may help identify the condition at an earlier stage, when effective treatment can reverse the ischemic process. Familiarity with the CT features of the condition therefore is useful for its successful diagnosis and management.

Contrast Media↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Squash smear findings of spherical amyloid in pituitary prolactinoma. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Pituitary prolactinoma containing spherical amyloid is rare. Squash smear findings of spherical amyloid in pituitary prolactinoma are characteristic. CASE: A 25-year-old woman presented with a pituitary tumor. The intraoperative squash smear showed abundant, homogeneous, eosinophilic material with multiple prominent striations. The scattered atypical cells in the periphery contained an irregular, bizarre nucleus; coarse chromatin; occasional prominent nucleoli; rare cytoplasm; and prolactin immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION: The characteristic squash smear findings should be helpful in the diagnosis of this rare tumor.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The usefulness of pulsatile flow detection in measuring resistive index in renal Doppler US.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of pulsatile flow detection (PFD), a newly developed function of color Doppler US, in measuring resistive index (RI) in renal Doppler US and to compare it with conventional color Doppler (CCD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six kidneys in 31 patients were randomly selected and divided into two groups. In group A, RI was measured first with the aid of CCD, and then with PFD. In group B, data were obtained in the reverse order. The time required for each RI measurement was recorded in seconds. The quality of the Doppler spectral waveform was subjectively graded as 0, 1, or 2 and examination time and waveform quality were compared between PFD and CCD. RESULTS: The time required to measure RI with PFD (PFD time) was less than with CCD (CCD time) (mean 42.7 secs vs. mean 70.3 secs; p = 0.031). There was no significant difference in PFD time between group A and B, but CCD time was shorter in group B (70.3 secs vs. 24.6 secs; p = 0.0004). Spectral waveform quality was not significantly different between PFD and CCD. CONCLUSION: The time required to measure RI in kidneys can be shortened with the aid of the PFD function in color Doppler US without affecting the quality of the examination.

Blood Flow Velocity↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ruptured corpus luteal cyst: CT findings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the CT findings of ruptured corpus luteal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients with a surgically proven ruptured corpus luteal cyst were included in this series. The prospective CT findings were retrospectively analyzed in terms of the size and shape of the cyst, the thickness and enhancement pattern of its wall, the attenuation of its contents, and peritoneal fluid. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the cysts was 2.8 (range, 1.5-4.8) cm; three were round and three were oval. The mean thickness of the cyst wall was 4.7 (range, 1-10) mm; in all six cases it showed strong enhancement, and in three was discontinuous. In five of six cases, the cystic contents showed high attenuation. Peritoneal fluid was present in all cases, and its attenuation was higher, especially around the uterus and adnexa, than that of urine present in the bladder. CONCLUSION: In a woman in whom CT reveals the presence of an ovarian cyst with an enhancing rim and highly attenuated contents, as well as highly attenuated peritoneal fluid, a ruptured corpus luteal cyst should be suspected. Other possible evidence of this is focal interruption of the cyst wall and the presence of peritoneal fluid around the adnexa.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR imaging findings of ovarian cystadenofibroma and cystadenocarcinofibroma: clues for the differential diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to assess the MR imaging findings of ovarian cystadenofibroma and cystadenocarcinofibroma, and we wanted to find clues for making the differential diagnosis between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The MR images of 12 pathologically proven cystadenofibromas and two cystadenocarcinofibromas were reviewed, with a focus on the internal architecture, signal intensity and enhancement. RESULTS: All the tumors appeared as multilocular cysts, except for a single unilocular cystic mass and a single solid mass. The previously reported characteristic MR findings of cystadenofibroma (a multilocular cystic mass with a T2-dark-signal-intensity solid component containing small cystic locules) were found in only 43% of the tumors (6/14). Diffuse or partial thickening of the cyst wall with T2-dark signal intensity without a definite solid component was as common as the previous reported findings (6/14). Two cystadenocarcinofibromas showed more prominent solid portions with higher T2-signal intensities and stronger enhancement than did the cystadenofibromas. CONCLUSION: Diffuse or partial thickening of the cyst wall with dark-signal-intensity in multilocular cystic masses may suggest ovarian cystadenofibroma, and this type of appearance may be as common as the previously reported characteristic appearance. A prominent solid component with a higher T2-signal intensity and strong enhancement are the typical findings of cystadenocarcinofibroma.

Adenofibroma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of thin overlapping reconstruction on the attenuation of small (< or = 3 cm) renal cysts in the nephrographic phase of MDCT: a phantom study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of thin overlapping reconstruction on the attenuation of small (< or =3 cm) renal cysts in the nephrographic phase of multidetector CT (MDCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We scanned a phantom kidney containing spheres of various sizes (10, 20, and 30 mm) using both 4- and 16-channel MDCT scanners, and reconstructed images with various slice thickness (T, mm) and intervals (I, mm). The attenuation increase (AI) was measured for each sphere in 240-HU diluted solution of contrast material and compared with the attenuation in 35-HU solution. RESULTS: On the 4-channel MDCT, thin overlapping reconstruction (T/I = 3/1, compared with 5/5) lowered the AI as much as 17 HU in the 10 mm-sphere and 6 HU in the 20 mm-sphere (p < 0.05). Thin slicing alone was also effective; however overlapping alone was not. On the 16-channel MDCT, AI in the 10 mm-sphere was significantly lower than on the 4-channel MDCT with T/I = 5/5 (p < 0.05), however thinner slicing or overlapping did not affect the attenuation significantly in all of the spheres. CONCLUSION: The effect of thin overlapping reconstruction on minimizing falsely elevated attenuation in the nephrographic phase was significant only in cysts < or = 20 mm on the 4-channel MDCT.

Contrast Media↗