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Surendra K Mattoo

Publications and source records attributed to Surendra K Mattoo.

11 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Substance use and other psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of opioid-dependent males: a case-controlled study from India.

UNLABELLED: To assess the prevalence of substance use and other psychiatric disorders in first-degree relatives of males with opioid dependence compared to normal controls. DESIGN: Observational, case-control study using family history method. SETTING: A drug addiction treatment centre in northern India. PARTICIPANTS: First-degree relatives of 100 male probands with opioid dependence and no comorbidity (n=493) and those of 50 matched probands from normal population (n=254). Measurement Family interview of probands and family members, using the Family Interview for Genetic Studies. The main outcome measure was relative risk (expressed as odds ratio after controlling for confounding variables using logistic regression) of familial aggregation of psychiatric and substance use disorders. FINDINGS: First-degree relatives of opioid-dependent males were more likely to have a psychiatric disorder than those of normal controls [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 4.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.97-10.11; P<0.001], especially for opioid use disorders in the brothers (adjusted OR 6.55; 95% CI 1.44-29.88; P=0.015) and for alcohol use disorders in the fathers of the probands (adjusted OR 5.64; 95% CI 2.39-13.24; P<0.001). Other disorders (major depression, chronic psychosis and obsessive compulsive disorder) did not have significant aggregation in the first-degree relatives of opioid-dependent subjects. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides further evidence for the higher rates of alcohol and opioid dependence in first-degree relatives of opioid-dependent patients. The exact pattern of this familial aggregation may be influenced by the gender of the relatives and their relation to the proband.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Quality of life and its correlates in patients with dual diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and substance dependence.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the quality of life (QOL) of patients having dual diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and substance dependence with those having either diagnosis alone and with healthy controls. METHODS: Cross-sectional assessment of the four groups of subjects was made. Euthymic bipolar patients and those substance dependent patients not in active withdrawal or intoxication were included. QOL assessment was made with the World Health Organization (WHO)-QOL--Bref Hindi version. RESULTS: Total QOL score and scores on all the four domains of WHO-QOL-Bref were significantly lower for the dual-diagnosis (DD) patients when compared with all the other groups. Significant negative correlations were found between (i) the number of days the drug was consumed and the score on the 'general well-being' items of WHO-QOL-Bref (r = -0.31, p < 0.05); and (ii) between severity of alcohol dependence and WHO-QOL total score (r = -0.44, p < 0.01) as well as its 'psychological' domain (r = -0.52, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study indicates that bipolar DD patients experience a lower QOL when compared with the other groups studied. Their QOL is affected by the severity of alcohol dependence.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Relationship of anger and anger attacks with depression: a brief review.

Anger is a common and potentially destructive emotion that has considerable social and public health importance. The occurrence of anger, irritability and hostility in depression have been known for many years, but the prevalence, significance for treatment and prognosis and the mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. More recently, anger attacks have been proposed as a specific form of anger in depression. They are characterized by a rapid onset of intense anger and a crescendo of autonomic arousal occurring in response to trivial provocations. Though the presence or absence of hostility, anger and aggression in depression has been a matter of controversy, anger attacks have been found to occur more often in depressed patients in comparison to healthy controls. Some studies have reported that depressed patients with anger attacks differ from those without such attacks in terms of clinical profile, comorbid personality disorders and certain biological variables. Serotonergic dysfunction may characterize this distinct subtype of depression - depression with anger attacks.

Anger↗
PubMed2004

Quality of life and its correlates in patients with bipolar disorder stabilized on lithium prophylaxis.

The quality of life (QOL) of 50 bipolar disorder patients in remission (stabilized on lithium prophylaxis) was assessed and compared with that of clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (n = 20) and healthy subjects (n = 20). World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) and Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) were used to assess QOL in the three groups of subjects. The factors that contribute or influence QOL (i.e. stressful life events, social support, daily hassles) were also studied using standardized instruments in the study group. It was found that, compared to schizophrenia group, the bipolar group had significantly better QOL in all the domains of Q-LES-Q and the domains of general well-being, physical health and psychological health of the WHOQOL-Bref. The bipolar group had similar QOL scores in all other domains and higher scores in leisure time activity domain of Q-LES-Q, in comparison to the healthy group. The QOL in the bipolar group was better in patients who were younger and had a lesser severity of daily hassle. The present findings suggest that euthymic patients with bipolar disorder have a QOL that is comparable to that of healthy subjects. In contrast, patients with clinically stable schizophrenia have a poorer QOL. Occurrence of daily hassles contributes significantly to QOL in patients with bipolar disorder. However, the relatively limited variance explained by the independent variables included in the study, suggests the need to examine other (perhaps non-clinical) factors that may affect QOL.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Inhalant abuse by adolescents: a new challenge for Indian physicians.

Inhalant abuse has been commonly reported especially in the young during the last decades globally. The reason for the relative paucity of literature from India may be attributed to a lack of knowledge about this growing problem among health professionals. A series of five cases of inhalant abuse is described in order to understand this growing public health concern. Most of the cases started inhalant abuse during adolescence. All patients except one abused typewriter erasing fluid and thinner which contains toluene. All the patients reported using inhalants as addictive substance because of their easy accessibility, cheap price, their faster onset of action and the regular 'high' that it provided. Whereas several features of inhalant dependence were fulfilled, no physical withdrawal signs were observed. The diagnosis of inhalant abuse can be difficult and relies almost entirely on clinical judgment. Treatment is generally supportive.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed2002

Mass family hysteria: a report from India.

The case of a 31-member family displaying mass hysteria in up to 10 members at one time is reported. The mass hysteria emerged in the context of the strong religious and cultural beliefs held by this closely knit family. The varied presentations included somatoform disorder, recurrent vomiting, conversion, dissociative and possession attacks. Two members had bipolar affective disorder that was recognized by the family as a 'medical' illness in contrast to other problems attributed to religiosity. The rarity of mass hysteria in a family and issues related to its medical and social management are highlighted.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Substance-abusing schizophrenics: do they self-medicate?

In spite of having been formulated nearly two decades back, there is as yet no consensus on the validity of the clinically popular self-medication hypothesis (SMH) of substance use disorders in patients with dual diagnosis. SMH broadly proposes that patients use substances in a non-random fashion so that the psychopharmacologic characteristics of particular substances are used to alleviate a variety of psychiatric symptoms and emotional distress. In order to test the SMH empirically, it was broken down to five sub-hypotheses, which were tested in a group of dual-diagnosis schizophrenia (DDS) patients vis-à-vis a group of only-schizophrenia (S) patients (n = 22 each). The DDS group scored lower than the S group regarding general and some specific psychopathology. The DDS patients ascribed reasons for substance use more often for hedonistic pursuit but also for reduction in symptoms and distress. There was a trend for alcohol to be used more for self-medication purposes compared to opioids and cannabis. The perceived effects of these three substances were significantly different on several symptom/distress dimensions. Finally, there was some degree of "match" between symptom-oriented reasons for use of substances and the effect that was perceived. All of this evidence provides a consistent but modest support for the SMH for "some patients, some substances, and some symptoms." The implications are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical characterization of use of acamprosate and naltrexone: data from an addiction center in India.

There are several queries on the effectiveness of acamprosate in pharmacoprophylaxis of alcohol dependence despite studies conducted over the last decade regarding its efficacy. In this retrospective chart review, 62 patients with ICD-10-diagnosed alcohol dependence who received treatment from an addiction center in India were studied to compare those on acamprosate or naltrexone versus those on no prophylactic drugs with regard to their demographic and clinical background and short-term outcome after treatment. Compared to those on naltrexone or no drugs, significantly more patients on acamprosate came from higher socioeconomic strata and had fewer family/marital complications and less comorbid use of opioids and other drugs; however, they also had more liver function impairment and alcoholic liver disease and a higher average duration of relapse in the past (p < 0.05 or less in each case). The group on no drugs had significantly less family/social support (p = 0.006) and poorer motivation rating (p < 0.001) than the other two groups on drugs. Intent-to-treat analysis showed that there was a non-significant trend of a higher proportion of acamprosate patients remaining abstinent (77%) than those on naltrexone (36%) or no drug (50%). At follow-up, acamprosate patients had significantly better functioning in several areas. However, because many of the baseline patient characteristics might themselves have influenced the outcome, no conclusion should be drawn from this data regarding the efficacy of the drug. Logistic regression analysis showed that both family/social support and acamprosate appeared to contribute modestly toward explaining the variance in short-term outcome.

Acamprosate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Age at onset typology in opioid-dependent men: an exploratory study from India.

This study attempted to apply age at onset typology in ICD-10-diagnosed opioid dependence. The sample is comprised of eighty men seeking treatment at an addiction clinic in India. The measures included a sociodemographic and clinical profile, Severity of Opioid Dependence Questionnaire, Sensation Seeking Scale, Multiphasic Personality Questionnaire (MPQ), and Family History Assessment Module. Application of k-means cluster analysis led to the emergence of two cluster types: early onset (mean age at onset 21 years) and late onset (mean age at onset 27 years). The early onset group was characterized by a significantly younger current age, more urban and unemployed subjects, younger ages at the onset of opioid use and dependence, a higher severity of opioid use, a higher lifetime use of sedatives and tobacco, younger ages at the onset of dependence on alcohol and cannabis, higher sensation seeking, and higher global psychopathology in terms of MPQ. Other less differentiating features were higher family history of psychiatric illness (including substance abuse), longer duration of opioid use and dependence, and higher lifetime use of cannabis. These results show the age at onset typology in opioid dependence to be feasible and to have some similarities to age at onset typology in alcoholism.

Adolescent↗